EMT - Chapter 11 - Baseline Vital Signs, Monitoring Devices and History Taking

The EMT recognizes which heart rate would be considered normal for a​ 24-year-old male patient who is resting​ comfortably? A. 62​ beats/min B. 54​ beats/min C. 124​ beats/min D. 110​ beats/min

A. 62​ beats/min

You are unable to auscultate a blood pressure in a​ patient's right arm. What should you do next to obtain the most accurate baseline assessment of this​ patient's vital​ signs? A. Auscultate the blood pressure in the left arm B. Use an automatic blood pressure monitor C. Palpate the blood pressure in the right arm D. Move the blood pressure cuff down to the forearm

A. Auscultate the blood pressure in the left arm

Assessment of a​ patient's skin color reveals a bluish discoloration. As a knowledgeable​ EMT, you should​ identify: A. Cyanosis caused by inadequate oxygenation of the tissues B. Pallor caused by a decrease in blood flow to the tissues C. Jaundice caused by an increase in blood flow to the extremities D. Erythema caused by a decrease in body temperature

A. Cyanosis caused by inadequate oxygenation of the tissues

The EMT is correctly palpating a central pulse when he palpates​ the: A. Femoral pulse B. Posterior tibial pulse C. Radial pulse D. Brachial pulse

A. Femoral pulse

The EMT is correctly palpating a central pulse when he palpates​ the: A. Femoral pulse This is the correct answer.B. Posterior tibial pulse C. Radial pulse D. Brachial pulse

A. Femoral pulse

A pulse oximetry reading obtained on room air is considered normal when it​ is: A. Greater than 97 percent B. Greater than 90 percent C. Greater than 75 percent D. 100 percent

A. Greater than 97 percent

A patient with liver cancer exhibits a yellow discoloration to his entire body. The EMT would correctly document this condition​ as: A. Jaundice B. Pallor C. Cyanotic D. Flushed

A. Jaundice

You have been dispatched to a residence for a female patient with unknown injuries. At the​ patient's side, you quickly become aware that the​ 43-year-old female was assaulted by her husband. The husband comes into the room and​ states, "Don't you touch​ her, or I will take care of​ you, too!" What should be the​ EMT's immediate​ action? A. Leave the house​ immediately, taking the patient with​ you, if possible B. Restrain the husband so that you can care for the patient C. Control any active​ bleeding, and then leave the house D. Stay with the patient and contact law enforcement

A. Leave the house​ immediately, taking the patient with​ you, if possible

You have been called to a bar for a patient who was involved in an altercation and is complaining of abdominal pain. Law enforcement is present. The patient has been handcuffed and is sitting on the sidewalk. He has an odor of alcohol on his​ breath, his speech is​ slurred, and he is angrily yelling at the police officers. Which action would be most appropriate for the EMT to take when talking to the​ patient? A. Maintain eye contact to help establish a rapport B. Stand and communicate with the patient from 3 to 4 feet away C. Stand above the patient to establish authority D. Place your hand on the​ patient's shoulder to keep him subdued

A. Maintain eye contact to help establish a rapport

You are assessing a female patient with a complaint of shortness of breath. When assessing her​ skin, which finding should be recognized as​ abnormal? A. Moist B. Warm C. Pink D. Dry

A. Moist

The EMT should recognize normal skin color in a healthy patient​ as: A. Pink B. Warm C. White D. Red

A. Pink

The EMT should recognize normal skin color in a healthy patient​ as: A. Pink This is the correct answer.B. Warm C. White D. Red

A. Pink

Which step should be taken by the EMT to obtain an accurate pulse oximetry​ measurement? A. Remove nail polish from the​ patient's fingernail if present B. Elevate the​ patient's hand above his heart C. Secure the probe to the​ patient's finger with tape D. Administer oxygen before assessing the oxygen saturation

A. Remove nail polish from the​ patient's fingernail if present

Which of these findings related to breathing would be most concerning to the EMT in an adult​ patient? A. Respiratory rate of​ 20, use of accessory muscles B. Respiratory rate of​ 18, complaint of weakness C. Respiratory rate of​ 22, normal chest wall expansion D. Respiratory rate of​ 10, chest expansion of about 1 inch

A. Respiratory rate of​ 20, use of accessory muscles

You are assessing a patient who is in bright sunlight after collapsing in the hot sun at a picnic. If you cannot immediately move the patient out of the​ sun, assessment of the pupils will be made more accurate​ by: A. Shading the​ patient's eyes B. Hydrating the eyes with saline drops first C. Using a​ blue-tinged light D. Retracting the eyelid

A. Shading the​ patient's eyes

You are called to a​ long-term care facility to assess and transport a patient with a high fever. You do not have a thermometer on your unit. Which alternative sign should you use to confirm the​ patient's increased body​ temperature? A. Skin on the abdomen that is hot and flushed B. Decreased heart rate and flushed skin C. Cyanotic skin around the mouth D. Fingertips that are cool and blue

A. Skin on the abdomen that is hot and flushed

Medical direction has asked that you obtain orthostatic vital signs for a​ 54-year-old female patient who complains of dizziness and weakness. Her baseline vital signs obtained while she was sitting in a chair were​ pulse, 84;​ respirations, 26​ breaths/min; blood​ pressure, 118/62​ mmHg; and​ SpO2, 95%. Which one set of vital signs upon reassessment would indicate that this patient has a positive orthostatic​ test? A. Standing blood pressure of​ 92/54 mmHg and heart rate of 106​ beats/min B. Standing pulse of 88 with the additional complaint of nausea C. Standing SpO2 of​ 88% and heart rate of 96​ beats/min D. Supine blood pressure of​ 100/64 mmHg and respirations of 22​ breaths/min

A. Standing blood pressure of​ 92/54 mmHg and heart rate of 106​ beats/min

An alert and oriented​ 87-year-old female patient has fallen and suffered a​ 3-cm laceration to the back of her head. According to the​ patient, her walker became caught in the​ carpet, causing her to trip. When obtaining a medical​ history, who should the EMT address​ first? A. The patient B. Family members C. The​ patient's primary care doctor D. EMRs on scene

A. The patient

You cannot obtain a reading on the pulse oximeter after applying the sensor to the​ patient's finger. What would be the most common reason for this​ difficulty? A. The​ patient's hands are cold B. The​ patient's oxygen saturation is less than​ 90% C. The​ patient's pulse is faster than 100 beats per minute D. The patient is hypertensive

A. The​ patient's hands are cold

An EMT is correctly assessing a​ patient's radial pulse when​ he: A. Uses his fingertips to feel for a pulse on the anterior and lateral aspects of the​ patient's wrist B. Uses his thumb to feel for the pulse on the​ patient's lower​ arm, near the base of the thumb C. Uses the palm of his hand to feel the pulse on the upper arm D. Simultaneously checks for a heart rate on both sides of the neck

A. Uses his fingertips to feel for a pulse on the anterior and lateral aspects of the​ patient's wrist

Your partner is having a difficult time determining normal and abnormal blood pressures for a child. Which of these statements will help him​ most? A. ​"A minimally acceptable systolic pressure can be estimated by doubling the​ child's age and adding it to​ 70." B. ​"It is helpful to ask the parent or caregiver what is normal for the child and compare your reading to​ that." C. ​"Any systolic blood pressure of less than 100 mmHg in a child is an​ emergency." D. ​"Since pediatric emergencies are less common than adult​ emergencies, it is best to call medical direction and ask what is​ normal."

A. ​"A minimally acceptable systolic pressure can be estimated by doubling the​ child's age and adding it to​ 70."

The EMT understands the primary reason to obtain a medical history using the SAMPLE mnemonic when he​ states: A. ​"After performing the primary​ assessment, the SAMPLE mnemonic helps guide the EMT in further assessment and​ care." B. ​"It is important to use the SAMPLE mnemonic because the emergency department will need the​ information." C. ​"The SAMPLE mnemonic is important because it will give the EMT the​ patient's exact chief​ complaint." D. ​"The SAMPLE mnemonic helps EMTs diagnose a​ patient's medical​ problem."

A. ​"After performing the primary​ assessment, the SAMPLE mnemonic helps guide the EMT in further assessment and​ care."

Which of these statements made by an EMT student indicates that he correctly understands the use of capillary refill when assessing a​ patient? A. ​"Capillary refill is a more reliable sign of perfusion quality in children younger than 6 years than in adolescents or​ adults." B. ​"Capillary refill is a very reliable sign of shock in any patient between the ages of 18 and 65​ years." C. ​"The possibility of chronic circulatory diseases makes the capillary refill test an excellent sign of circulation in the adult​ patient." D. ​"If a delayed capillary refill is observed in a patient of any​ age, there is a high probability he or she is in​ shock."

A. ​"Capillary refill is a more reliable sign of perfusion quality in children younger than 6 years than in adolescents or​ adults."

Which of these statements made by an EMT indicates an accurate understanding of checking a​ patient's skin​ temperature? A. ​"Checking the skin temperature is not​ precise, but provides a good estimate of abnormally high or low body​ temperatures." B. ​"With experience, the EMT can precisely determine a​ patient's body temperature by feeling the​ skin." C. ​"Flushed skin always indicates a high body​ temperature." D. ​"To properly evaluate a​ patient's skin temperature during the primary​ assessment, the EMT needs a​ thermometer."

A. ​"Checking the skin temperature is not​ precise, but provides a good estimate of abnormally high or low body​ temperatures."

Which of these questions would the EMT ask when using the OPQRST​ mnemonic? A. ​"Does the pain feel dull or​ sharp?" B. ​"Did you take any medications​ today?" C. ​"Have you ever had any​ surgeries?" D. ​"Do you have any medical​ conditions?"

A. ​"Does the pain feel dull or​ sharp?"

You notice that your partner routinely takes only one set of vital signs when treating and transporting patients. When​ asked, he states that he gets just baseline vital signs because they are most​ important, as they provide information related to the​ patient's clinical status at the time of the EMS call. How would you​ respond? A. ​"Examining several sets of vital signs can also indicate the effectiveness of your​ treatment." B. ​"You must at least get a pulse rate every 15​ minutes, since this is the most important vital​ sign." C. ​"Documenting several sets of vital signs is the only way to get full reimbursement from insurance companies for the EMS​ call." D. ​"You must get at least two sets of vital signs because that is what the national standard calls​ for."

A. ​"Examining several sets of vital signs can also indicate the effectiveness of your​ treatment."

You have applied the pulse oximeter to a​ 73-year-old male patient who complains of weakness and heart palpitations. Your partner reports that the​ patient's breath sounds are clear and​ equal, with a respiratory rate of 16​ breaths/min and skin that is warm but pale in color. He then states the following vital​ signs: pulse,​ 92; blood​ pressure, 168/70​ mmHg; and​ SpO2, 92% on room air. Given this​ information, which of these instructions would be most​ appropriate? A. ​"Let's initiate oxygen at 2 liters per minute via a nasal​ cannula." B. ​"The reading must be wrong since he displays no​ cyanosis." C. ​"Let's recheck the SpO2 in 2 minutes for any​ change." D. ​"The SpO2 is probably normal for him since he is very​ pale."

A. ​"Let's initiate oxygen at 2 liters per minute via a nasal​ cannula."

An EMT has accurately checked the skin color of a​ dark-skinned patient. How would this finding be best documented on a patient care​ report? A. ​"Pale color noted to the​ conjunctiva." B. ​"Forehead and face show pink skin​ color." C. ​"Warm skin noted on the upper​ arm." D. ​"Thoracic and abdominal skin normal in​ color."

A. ​"Pale color noted to the​ conjunctiva."

When obtaining vital signs for a​ 67-year-old male patient with dizziness and​ nausea, your partner states that the pulse seems to disappear periodically when the patient takes a deep breath. As a knowledgeable​ EMT, your best response would​ be: A. ​"That is an important finding. We will have to let the doctor know about​ it." B. ​"That finding is important because it suggests the radial artery is partially​ blocked." C. ​"Let's move the patient to the stretcher for transport. That is an early sign of cardiac​ arrest." D. ​"Given the​ patient's age, that is a typical finding and not an immediate​ concern."

A. ​"That is an important finding. We will have to let the doctor know about​ it."

Which of these blood pressures represents diastolic hypertension in an adult​ patient? A. ​136/92 mmHg B. ​246/Palpation C. ​240/88 mmHg D. ​158/44 mmHg

A. ​136/92 mmHg

You are called for a​ 2-year-old female child who is sick. When testing her capillary​ refill, what would be the greatest cause for​ concern? A. ​3-second capillary refill time B. ​1-second capillary refill time C. Immediate return of color D. ​2-second capillary refill time

A. ​3-second capillary refill time

While reviewing a patient care report for a quality assurance​ process, the EMT should recognize that a blood pressure has been palpated when she​ sees: A. ​Palp: 178/118 mmHg B. 178​ / P C. P​ / 118 D. ​118/178 (palpated)

B. 178​ / P

The fire department has requested your assistance at a residence where the​ family's carbon monoxide​ (CO) detector has been going off. There are three patients. You first assess a​ 28-year-old female patient who states she has a sinus headache but otherwise feels fine. Her vital signs are​ pulse, 90;​ respirations, 16​ breaths/min; blood​ pressure, 118/60​ mmHg; and​ SpO2, 100%. Given these assessment​ findings, you should​ immediately: A. Call for advanced life support assistance B. Administer​ high-concentration oxygen C. Inform her that the CO detector has malfunctioned D. Recheck the oxygen saturation on the​ patient's opposite hand

B. Administer​ high-concentration oxygen

You and a paramedic partner are caring for a patient who overdosed on a drug that has caused her to become apneic. Your EMT student is providing BVM ventilations with supplemental oxygen via an endotracheal tube placed by the paramedic. The patient still has a good pulse and acceptable blood pressure. The pulse oximeter reads​ 95% and the ETCO2 monitor reads 28 mmHg. Given these​ findings, the EMT​ should: A. Increase the amount of oxygen being delivered to the BVM reservoir B. Ask the EMT student ventilating the patient to slow the ventilatory rate C. Place the patient in​ semi-Fowler's position to help reduce intracranial pressure D. Administer a tube of oral glucose since the​ patient's airway is protected

B. Ask the EMT student ventilating the patient to slow the ventilatory rate

The EMT is correctly using a noninvasive blood pressure monitor when​ she: A. Alternates arms for each blood pressure reading that is obtained with the device B. Auscultates a blood pressure before applying and activating the device C. Places the cuff of the noninvasive BP monitor on the​ patient's forearm D. Confirms each reading on the device by palpating a pressure in the opposite arm

B. Auscultates a blood pressure before applying and activating the device

Which of these patients should the EMT recognize as having a normal skin​ temperature? A. A​ 47-year-old female with chest pain and​ warm-to-hot skin B. A​ 36-year-old male complaining of nausea with warm skin C. A​ 25-year-old female who is dizzy with cool skin D. An​ 88-year-old male who is weak with cool and dry skin

B. A​ 36-year-old male complaining of nausea with warm skin

For which of these patients would a capillary refill time of 3 seconds be most indicative of poor​ perfusion? A. A​ 24-year-old female B. A​ 4-year-old male C. A​ 67-year-old female D. An​ 81-year-old male

B. A​ 4-year-old male

Your partner states that he wants to palpate the blood pressure. Which equipment would you hand​ him? A. Blood pressure cuff and stethoscope B. Blood pressure cuff C. Stethoscope D. Stethoscope and pulse oximeter

B. Blood pressure cuff

Which of these would indicate a normal pupillary exam has​ occurred? A. The pupils are equal and do not change shape in response to light B. Both pupils constrict when light is directed into one eye C. One pupil dilates and the other constricts in response to light D. The patient reflexively closes the eyes to light

B. Both pupils constrict when light is directed into one eye

You have assisted the patient in taking one of his nitroglycerin tablets due to​ cardiac-type chest pain. Five minutes​ later, you note the​ patient's blood pressure is​ 108/74 mmHg. To determine if the nitroglycerin has affected the blood​ pressure, the EMT​ should: A. Take another blood pressure measurement in five minutes B. Compare this finding to the baseline blood pressure C. Retake the blood pressure and compare it to a normal BP of​ 120/80 mmHg D. Ask the patient if he feels his blood pressure has changed

B. Compare this finding to the baseline blood pressure

The EMT is correctly calculating a​ patient's respiratory rate when he or​ she: A. Counts the number of breaths in 1 minute and divides by 4 B. Counts the number of breaths for 30 seconds and multiplies by 2 C. Assesses the patient for any sign of respiratory difficulty D. Obtains a pulse oximetry reading and divides it by 3

B. Counts the number of breaths for 30 seconds and multiplies by 2

You observe your partner correctly obtaining a​ patient's blood pressure when​ he: A. Inflates the cuff maximally prior to slowly deflating and listening for a pulse B. Deflates the cuff 2 mmHg per second while listening with a stethoscope C. Stops inflation and starts deflation as soon as the carotid pulse disappears D. Places the stethoscope under the cuff and deflates it

B. Deflates the cuff 2 mmHg per second while listening with a stethoscope

During the primary assessment of a geriatric patient complaining of shortness of breath and​ fever, you quickly locate the radial pulse. What should you do​ next? A. Establish the​ patient's level of consciousness B. Determine the rate and quality of the pulse C. Assess the​ patient's breathing D. Obtain a blood pressure

B. Determine the rate and quality of the pulse

What is the name of the pulse that is palpated in the groin​ area? A. Pedal B. Femoral C. Carotid D. Inguinal

B. Femoral

A female patient called 911 when she noticed blood in her​ stool, and became scared and anxious. Her pulse rate is 124 and her blood pressure is​ 88/60 mmHg. After you get her vital​ signs, she nervously asks you how they are. Given her​ anxiety, you​ should: A. Reassure her that she is fine B. Inform her of the vital signs C. Change the subject D. Tell her they are normal

B. Inform her of the vital signs

A​ 43-year-old female has accidentally taken too much of her antidepressant medication and is now confused. Emergency Medical Responders are on scene and providing the patient with​ high-concentration oxygen. As you arrive at the​ patient's side, your first action should be​ to: A. Determine the type of medication taken B. Perform a primary assessment C. Get a pulse oximeter reading D. Obtain vital signs

B. Perform a primary assessment

You are trying to get a pulse oximeter reading on an​ 18-month-old child with difficulty breathing. Every time you place the sensor on the​ child's finger, he becomes upset and removes it. What is your best course of​ action? A. Attach the sensor to his neck B. Place the sensor on the​ child's toe C. Restrain the child until a reading is obtained D. Place the sensor on the other hand

B. Place the sensor on the​ child's toe

An EMT has an accurate understanding of systolic blood pressure when he tells you that systolic blood pressure​ is: A. Caused by constriction of the arteries B. Produced when the heart contracts C. Represented by the bottom number D. The pressure in the veins

B. Produced when the heart contracts

You have arrived by the side of a cyanotic patient who is responsive only to painful stimuli and exhibiting stridorous respirations. What is the most appropriate action by the​ EMT? A. Prepare and apply the pulse oximeter before administering oxygen B. Provide positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen C. Obtain a full set of vital​ signs, excluding the​ patient's temperature D. Attempt to determine what happened to the patient or any existing medical problems

B. Provide positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen

When assessing a patient who does not speak the same language as you or your​ partner, the best approach in the immediate care of the patient is​ to: A. Transport the patient to a hospital with interpreters for her language B. Request that a family member act as an interpreter C. Try to find a neighbor who speaks the​ patient's language D. Contact medical direction to get physician input

B. Request that a family member act as an interpreter

When should the EMT use the pulse​ oximeter? A. Only if the patient has a history of lung disease B. Routinely on all patients with a medical or trauma complaint C. Only on patients who complain of shortness of breath D. On any and all patients 1 year of age and older

B. Routinely on all patients with a medical or trauma complaint

Which of these pieces of information would be obtained by the EMT when getting a history using the SAMPLE​ mnemonic? A. Reason for calling for an ambulance B. Sensation of dizziness prior to falling C. ​Pulse, 144;​ respiration, 16​ breaths/min; BP,​ 132/88 mmHg D. No life threats to the​ airway, breathing, or circulation

B. Sensation of dizziness prior to falling

To assess a​ patient's blood​ pressure, the EMT will need​ a: A. Pulse oximeter B. Sphygmomanometer C. Pair of gloves and stethoscope D. Pulse oximeter and stethoscope

B. Sphygmomanometer

Your partner reports that a​ patient's blood pressure is​ 156/78 mmHg. From this​ reading, you​ realize: A. The constant pressure in the veins is 156 mmHg B. The diastolic blood pressure is 78 mmHg C. The systolic blood pressure is 78 mmHg D. The pulse pressure is 224 mmHg

B. The diastolic blood pressure is 78 mmHg

When assessing a​ patient's pulse, you can locate the right radial​ pulse, but not the left. What is the most likely explanation for this​ finding? A. The patient is in the early stage of cardiac arrest B. The left radial artery may be occluded C. There is a problem with the​ patient's veins D. The left radial artery is extremely large

B. The left radial artery may be occluded

Which of these statements is true regarding vital signs obtained from a patient with nausea and​ vomiting? A. The​ patient's complaint is considered significant only if accompanied by abnormal vital signs B. The vital signs will help the EMT determine the relative stability or instability of the patient C. The vital signs will allow the EMT to diagnose the cause of the nausea and vomiting D. If the vital signs are within normal​ limits, it is safe to let the patient refuse transport

B. The vital signs will help the EMT determine the relative stability or instability of the patient

Which of these statements indicates an appropriate understanding of palpating a blood​ pressure? A. ​"A palpated blood pressure is recorded when the brachial pulse fades out as the BP cuff is​ deflated." B. ​"A palpated blood pressure is typically a little lower than a blood pressure obtained by​ auscultation." C. ​"It is best to determine a palpated blood pressure using a stethoscope and pulse​ oximeter." D. ​"Palpated blood pressure is the technique of choice when the patient has a cardiac​ complaint."

B. ​"A palpated blood pressure is typically a little lower than a blood pressure obtained by​ auscultation."

An EMT student asks you if it matters whether the blood pressure cuff seems too small for a​ patient, if a reading can still be obtained. You should​ respond: A. ​"As long as the radial pulse remains​ intact, the cuff size is​ irrelevant." B. ​"Cuffs that are too small provide inaccurately high​ readings." C. ​"As long as the reading is​ obtained, it should be​ accurate." D. ​"Using a cuff that is too small can cause damage to the blood​ vessels."

B. ​"Cuffs that are too small provide inaccurately high​ readings."

When using the OPQRST​ mnemonic, the EMT is getting information as it applies to the​ "P" category when she​ asks: A. ​"What time did the symptoms​ start?" B. ​"Do you feel more short of breath when you are lying​ down?" C. ​"Does the chest pain spread to your​ back?" D. ​"Can you rate the pain on a scale of 1 to​ 10?"

B. ​"Do you feel more short of breath when you are lying​ down?"

An obese female patient has called you with a complaint of abdominal pain. The regular adult cuff will not fit around her​ arm, so you retrieve the large adult cuff from your supplies.​ Embarrassed, the woman​ says, "My arm is so fat. Do you really need to roll up my sleeve to get my blood​ pressure?" Your best response would​ be: A. ​"I have seen plenty of big​ arms, and yours is nothing compared to some of​ them." B. ​"I am not concerned with the size of your arm. I am interested in your blood​ pressure." C. ​"I am getting your blood​ pressure, not measuring your​ arm, but you really need to lose some​ weight." D. ​"If you do not want me to take your blood​ pressure, I do not have​ to."

B. ​"I am not concerned with the size of your arm. I am interested in your blood​ pressure."

When using the SAMPLE​ mnemonic, which of these statements made by the patient would be categorized under the letter​ "M"? A. ​"I was diagnosed and treated for breast​ cancer." B. ​"I take​ Zocor, but I am not sure​ why." C. ​"My doctor's name is Dr.​ Hansen." D. ​"I have never had a surgical​ procedure."

B. ​"I take​ Zocor, but I am not sure​ why."

A patient who appears to be intoxicated has fallen and is complaining of pain to his right arm. He is loud and using profane language. What should be your initial approach to the​ patient? A. ​"If you do not quiet​ down, I will call the police and they will arrest​ you." B. ​"Let me put an ice pack on your wrist. It will help it feel​ better." C. ​"I cannot help you if you keep yelling like​ that!" D. ​"Stop yelling or I will have to strap you to the​ stretcher."

B. ​"Let me put an ice pack on your wrist. It will help it feel​ better."

A patient presents with skin that is cool to the touch. The EMT shows he understands this condition when he​ states: A. ​"The patient must have an infection somewhere in his​ body." B. ​"This may indicate a problem with the​ patient's blood​ circulation." C. ​"We should check his breath​ sounds; the patient probably has a lung​ infection, such as​ pneumonia." D. ​"The patient most likely has a past medical history of​ hypertension."

B. ​"This may indicate a problem with the​ patient's blood​ circulation."

Which of these questions would be asked when obtaining a medical​ history, using the SAMPLE​ mnemonic, for a female patient who is crying and complaining of​ dizziness? A. ​"Why exactly did you call the ambulance​ today?" B. ​"What were you doing when the dizziness​ started?" C. ​"You seem upset. Do you want to talk about​ it?" D. ​"Who is your doctor and when was your last office​ visit?"

B. ​"What were you doing when the dizziness​ started?"

The EMT is appropriately using the SAMPLE mnemonic when he asks which​ question? A. ​"Why did you call for the​ ambulance?" B. ​"When did you eat​ last?" C. ​"Who is your​ doctor?" D. ​"Have you thought about stopping​ smoking?"

B. ​"When did you eat​ last?"

Which of these is an example of an​ open-ended question? A. ​"Does your chest​ hurt?" B. ​"Why did you call​ 911?" C. ​"Did you take your medications​ today?" D. ​"Are you​ dizzy?"

B. ​"Why did you call​ 911?"

Which of these patients should the EMT recognize as tachycardic for his or her age​ bracket? A. A​ 24-year-old female with diabetic complications and a heart rate of 54 B. An​ 86-year-old male with chest pain and a heart rate of 96 C. A​ 37-year-old male with a complaint of fatigue and a heart rate of 104 D. A​ 2-year-old female with vomiting and a heart rate of 116

C. A​ 37-year-old male with a complaint of fatigue and a heart rate of 104

When obtaining a blood​ pressure, the EMT listens for a pulse over which blood​ vessel? A. Antecubital vein B. Carotid vessel C. Brachial artery D. Radial artery

C. Brachial artery

You are assessing a​ 61-year-old male patient who is confused. During the primary​ assessment, you cannot locate a radial pulse. Your immediate action should be​ to: A. Start CPR B. Call for ALS assistance C. Check for a carotid pulse D. Apply the AED

C. Check for a carotid pulse

When assessing a​ patient's pulse, you note that it is irregular. To get an accurate heart​ rate, you​ would: A. Listen to the pulse with a stethoscope B. Feel the carotid pulse for 30 seconds and multiply by 2 C. Count the number of beats that occur in 1 minute D. Double the number of beats counted in 30 seconds

C. Count the number of beats that occur in 1 minute

When assessing a​ patient's pupils, the EMT​ should: A. Instruct the patient to blink several times and observe the size of the pupils B. Cover one eye and shine a light in the other​ eye, watching for changes to the size of the pupil C. Determine the size of the pupil and then look for a change in pupillary size while shining a light in the eye D. Shine a light in one eye and watch for the pupil to dilate

C. Determine the size of the pupil and then look for a change in pupillary size while shining a light in the eye

You are assessing a confused​ dark-skinned patient who complains of a headache. When checking his skin​ color, you​ should: A. Observe the skin on his forehead B. Look at and feel the skin on his neck and chest C. Evaluate the palms of his hands or conjunctiva D. Examine the skin around his ears and nose

C. Evaluate the palms of his hands or conjunctiva

You are attempting to get a history from a​ 56-year-old female patient who is short of breath. When you ask​ questions, the daughter continually answers for the patient. To best handle this​ situation, you​ should: A. Move the patient to the ambulance for the rest of the assessment B. Contact medical direction for advisement C. Explain to the daughter it is important for the patient to answer whenever possible D. Have the Emergency Medical Responders remove the daughter

C. Explain to the daughter it is important for the patient to answer whenever possible

When using a pulse oximeter on an adult​ patient, the EMT knows that the sensor is most often attached to the​ patient's: A. Forehead B. Ear C. Finger D. Chest

C. Finger

To test a pediatric​ patient's capillary​ refill, the EMT​ will: A. Apply pressure to an arm and then release that pressure B. Examine the inside lining of one or both eyelids C. Firmly compress and then release pressure on the nail bed D. Apply gentle pressure to the radial pulse and watch color changes to the hand

C. Firmly compress and then release pressure on the nail bed

To test a pediatric​ patient's capillary​ refill, the EMT​ will: A. Apply pressure to an arm and then release that pressure B. Examine the inside lining of one or both eyelids C. Firmly compress and then release pressure on the nail bed This is the correct answer.D. Apply gentle pressure to the radial pulse and watch color changes to the hand

C. Firmly compress and then release pressure on the nail bed

An EMT has an accurate understaAn EMT has an accurate understanding of diastolic blood pressure when she tells you that diastolic​ pressure: A. Can be easily obtained by palpating the blood pressure B. Can be estimated as​ one-third of the systolic blood pressure C. Is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is not contracting D. Should always be rounded to the nearest 10nding of diastolic blood pressure when she tells you that diastolic​ pressure: A. Can be easily obtained by palpating the blood pressure B. Can be estimated as​ one-third of the systolic blood pressure C. Is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is not contracting This is the correct answer.D. Should always be rounded to the nearest 10

C. Is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is not contracting

In patients with which of these conditions would the EMT most likely get an inaccurate pulse oximeter reading despite proper application of the​ sensor? A. Unresponsiveness B. Increased heart rate C. Low blood pressure D. Elevated body temperature

C. Low blood pressure

Which of these methods most accurately assesses a​ patient's skin​ temperature? A. Placing the tips of two fingers on the​ patient's wrist B. Using the palm to feel the​ patient's forehead C. Placing the back of the hand on the​ patient's abdomen D. Placing the inside of the​ EMT's arm against the​ patient's arm

C. Placing the back of the hand on the​ patient's abdomen

After you apply the pulse oximeter to a patient who complains of chest​ discomfort, she asks you what you are assessing. You would respond by telling her that the pulse​ oximeter: A. Can tell how much carbon dioxide she is exhaling with each breath B. Is a tool used to see if the airway needs to be opened C. Provides information about the amount of oxygen circulating in the blood D. Provides the most accurate evaluation of the true heart rate

C. Provides information about the amount of oxygen circulating in the blood

Friends called 911 for a​ 37-year-old female who intentionally overdosed on a narcotic drug at a college party. Which​ eye-related findings would reinforce that the patient did indeed take a​ narcotic? A. Pupils that constrict to light B. Nonreactive pupils that are unequal C. Pupils that are constricted D. Bloodshot eyes with large pupils

C. Pupils that are constricted

Emergency Medical Responders inform you that a​ 27-year-old male patient with altered mental status has an open airway and is breathing 9 times every 30 seconds. His pulse rate is 40​ beats/min, and he has bruises to his chest. Based on this vital sign and presentation​ information, the EMT should recognize​ the: A. Heart as beating adequately B. Blood pressure as normal C. Respiratory rate as normal D. Heart rate as irregular

C. Respiratory rate as normal

Which of these characteristics would be considered a pulse​ "quality" factor? A. Tone B. Regularity C. Strength D. Rate

C. Strength

You determine a​ patient's radial pulse is readily​ palpable, but has uneven intervals between beats. This finding would best be documented on the prehospital care report​ as: A. Bounding and regular B. Prominent and bounding C. Strong and irregular D. Thready and regular

C. Strong and irregular

A blood pressure is reported as​ 116/68 mmHg. Given this​ finding, which of these statements is​ true? A. The systolic pressure is determined by subtracting 68 from 116 B. The top number reflects the diastolic blood pressure C. The systolic blood pressure is 116 mmHg D. The diastolic blood pressure is 116 mmHg

C. The systolic blood pressure is 116 mmHg

Which of these statements made by your EMT partner indicates that he understands assessment of a​ patient's breathing? A. ​"As long as the patient is breathing more than 20 times per​ minute, he is getting enough oxygen in his​ body." B. ​"To determine if a patient is adequately​ breathing, the EMT must get a full set of vital​ signs." C. ​"A rate less than 8 times per minute may allow adequate​ breathing, but requires further evaluation and​ assessment." D. ​"If the respiratory rate is​ normal, the patient is breathing adequately and getting enough​ oxygen."

C. ​"A rate less than 8 times per minute may allow adequate​ breathing, but requires further evaluation and​ assessment."

A patient with chest pain informs you that the pain is greater when he takes a deep breath. The EMT is using the active listening technique of​ "facilitation" and​ "clarification" when he responds by​ saying: A. ​"So what you are saying is that it hurts more when you​ breathe?" B. ​"I understand it hurts. Please go​ on." C. ​"I see. Can you describe what the pain feels​ like?" D. ​"Hmmm. That really seems to hurt a​ lot."

C. ​"I see. Can you describe what the pain feels​ like?"

Which of these statements made by a patient would the EMT regard as a​ symptom? A. ​"There is a bruise to my left​ elbow." B. ​"I slipped and fell down the​ stairs." C. ​"My pain is​ sharp, the worst​ I've ever​ felt." D. ​"I have a history of high blood pressure that I take medicine​ for."

C. ​"My pain is​ sharp, the worst​ I've ever​ felt."

Which of these statements concerning assessment of the pulse is​ correct? A. ​"After much​ experience, an EMT can calculate the pulse rate by just feeling it for a few​ seconds." B. ​"A brachial pulse should be felt first in any patient younger than 6 years of​ age." C. ​"The heart rate can be determined by doubling the number of beats counted in 30​ seconds." D. ​"To get the most accurate​ rate, the EMT should place a stethoscope over the pulse site and count the number of beats in 1​ minute."

C. ​"The heart rate can be determined by doubling the number of beats counted in 30​ seconds."

How should the EMT document a pulse oximetry reading on the prehospital care​ report? A. ​97% PO2 B. ​97% PO C. ​97% SpO2 D. ​97% O2

C. ​97% SpO2

A patient has advanced liver disease from years of exposure to toxic chemicals in his place of employment. Which skin color would the EMT expect given this​ status? A. Pale and cyanotic B. Pinkish and flushed C. ​Yellow-orange D. ​Bluish-gray

C. ​Yellow-orange

An​ 86-year-old female patient has called 911 for rectal bleeding. There is a large amount of dark red blood and clots in the toilet and on the​ patient's clothing. The Emergency Medical Responder reports a blood pressure of​ 84/68 mmHg with a heart rate of 124​ beats/min. Given this​ information, the EMT should expect findings​ of: A. Diastolic hypertension and risk for stroke B. Normal blood pressure since the patient is alert and oriented C. A normal heart rate given the​ patient's age D. A narrowed pulse pressure and possible shock

D. A narrowed pulse pressure and possible shock hemorrhagic shock?

Which of these descriptions would be obtained when asking about the​ "A" component of the SAMPLE​ history? A. History of asthma B. Airway is open C. Abdomen soft D. Allergy to penicillin

D. Allergy to penicillin

Where would the EMT palpate for a popliteal​ pulse? A. Posterior ankle B. Top of foot C. Upper arm D. Behind the knee

D. Behind the knee

Assessment of a patient who is unresponsive reveals pupils that are both large at 6 millimeters and do not change size in response to light. The EMT would best document this finding​ as: A. Bilateral midsize pupils that are reactive to light B. Constricted pupils​ bilaterally, nonreactive to light C. Nonreactive pupils of decreased size bilaterally D. Bilateral dilation of the​ pupils, unresponsive to light

D. Bilateral dilation of the​ pupils, unresponsive to light

A patient states that he is short of​ breath, is​ light-headed, and has chest pain that worsens when he takes a deep breath. Assessment reveals an open​ airway, adequate​ breathing, and a rapid pulse of 120​ beats/min. The​ patient's skin is hot to the​ touch, and he has a blood pressure of​ 116/84 mmHg. The patient informs you that he was diagnosed with pneumonia 3 days ago and has not been taking the prescribed antibiotics. Which of these assessment findings would the EMT best recognize as a sign related to the​ patient's chief​ complaint? A. Chest pain that worsens with inspiration B. Recent diagnosis of pneumonia C. Complaint of​ light-headedness D. Blood pressure of​ 116/84 mmHg

D. Blood pressure of​ 116/84 mmHg

You determine a​ patient's heart rate to be 48​ beats/min. That heart rate would be categorized​ as: A. Tachypneic B. Tachycardic C. Normal D. Bradycardic

D. Bradycardic

You are assessing a​ 49-year-old male patient who complains of lower back pain. Which finding would be pertinent medical information related to the back pain that the EMT will obtain using the SAMPLE​ mnemonic? A. Arthritis in the spine and pelvis This is the correct answer.B. Last tetanus shot 5 years ago C. Heart rate of 48 and​ cool, clammy skin D. Childhood case of measles

D. Childhood case of measles

A​ 41-year-old male patient reacts to painful stimuli by moaning. You shine a light at his right pupil​ only, while looking at both pupils. What would be a normal​ finding? A. Dilation of the right pupil only B. Dilation of the left pupil only C. Constriction of the right pupil only D. Constriction of the right and left pupils

D. Constriction of the right and left pupils

You believe a patient for whom you are caring is starting to experience respiratory failure. Which of these findings is supportive of this​ suspicion? A. Heart rate of 118​ beats/min B. Bilateral wheezing on exhalation only C. SpO2 of​ 94% D. ETCO2 of 56 mmHg

D. ETCO2 of 56 mmHg

You are transporting a depressed patient who states that she is thinking of killing herself by taking a​ "whole bunch of​ pills." After providing this​ information, the patient has refused to speak and has remained silent. Your physical assessment of the patient reveals she is stable. How often should vital signs be​ reassessed? A. Once at the scene and once en route to the ED B. Only baseline vital signs are required C. Every 5 minutes D. Every 15 minutes

D. Every 15 minutes

You and a paramedic partner are caring for a patient who overdosed on a drug that has caused her to become apneic. Your EMT student is providing BVM ventilations with supplemental oxygen via an endotracheal tube placed by the paramedic. How often should vital signs be reassessed on this​ patient? A. Every 15 minutes B. Only baseline vital signs are required C. Once at the scene and once en route to the ED D. Every 5 minutes

D. Every 5 minutes

The purpose of the OPQRST mnemonic is to guide the EMT​ in: A. Establishing any allergies to medications B. Determining the stability of vital signs C. Getting a past medical history D. Exploring the​ patient's chief complaint

D. Exploring the​ patient's chief complaint

You have placed the blood pressure cuff on the arm of a patient who is short of breath. What is your next​ step? A. Inflate the cuff to a reading of 300​ mmHg, and then deflate the cuff slowly until you hear a pulse B. Inflate the cuff to 300​ mmHg, and then leave the cuff inflated for 30 seconds prior to deflation C. Inflate the cuff to three times the​ patient's age and listen for a heartbeat D. Inflate to a reading of 70​ mmHg, check for a radial​ pulse, and continue inflation until the pulse is no longer felt

D. Inflate to a reading of 70​ mmHg, check for a radial​ pulse, and continue inflation until the pulse is no longer felt

You have been dispatched to a residence for a​ 14-year-old female patient complaining of abdominal pain. As you enter the living​ room, you see the conscious patient lying on a couch with her father and an Emergency Medical Responder at her side. Which action should the EMT perform​ first? A. Ask her father to leave the room B. Determine the chief complaint C. Get permission to treat the patient D. Introduce yourself and your partner

D. Introduce yourself and your partner

As you enter the scene of a medical​ emergency, the Emergency Medical Responder informs you that the patient is not breathing and has pupils that are fixed and dilated. Based on this​ description, what do you expect to see when you reach the​ patient's side? A. The patient must wear corrective lenses B. Both pupils are large and change shape in response to light C. The patient has a past medical history of blindness D. Neither pupil will react when light is directed into the eyes

D. Neither pupil will react when light is directed into the eyes

Which of these would be an indication to palpate the blood​ pressure? A. ​Non-life-threatening condition B. Tachycardic pulse rate C. Normal pulse rate D. Noisy environment

D. Noisy environment

When evaluating a​ patient's skin​ color, the EMT​ should: A. Look at the skin on the upper chest and feel it for warmth B. Examine the skin color of the face and compare it with the color of the arms C. Examine the change in skin color when​ applying, then releasing pressure to the nail beds D. Observe the nail beds​ and/or mucous membranes inside the eyelids

D. Observe the nail beds​ and/or mucous membranes inside the eyelids

A female patient with a history of asthma called 911 with a complaint of shortness of breath. On​ scene, you assisted her with the administration of her​ metered-dose inhaler containing albuterol. What can the EMT do to best determine if this​ patient's condition is​ improving? A. ​Re-obtain a SAMPLE history and look for new information B. Inquire if the patient feels the need for another dose of albuterol C. Ask the patient if she finds it easier to breathe D. Obtain a pulse oximetry reading and breath sounds every 5 minutes

D. Obtain a pulse oximetry reading and breath sounds every 5 minutes

Which pulse site is commonly palpated during the process of obtaining a blood pressure by the palpation​ technique? A. Carotid B. Brachial C. Pedal D. Radial

D. Radial

You have been called to assess a conscious and alert​ 5-year-old child whose chief complaint is nausea and vomiting over the last 2 hours. When assessing his​ pulse, you should first check which​ pulse? A. Pedal B. Brachial C. Carotid D. Radial

D. Radial

A patient presents with extremely pale skin. His family states that this is not his normal skin color. His vital signs are​ pulse, 118;​ respirations, 18​ breaths/min; blood​ pressure, 102/86​ mmHg; and​ SpO2, 96%. Which complaint would make the most sense given this clinical​ presentation? A. Headache B. Fever C. Persistent cough D. Rectal bleeding

D. Rectal bleeding

A mother has called 911 because her​ 2-year-old daughter is fussy and not eating. When assessing the​ toddler, what would be the best indication of her perfusion​ status? A. Heart rate B. Auscultation of breath sounds C. Palpated blood pressure D. Skin color and temperature

D. Skin color and temperature

You are caring for a​ 5-year-old male patient with a complaint of difficulty breathing. Your assessment indicates that the patient is tachypneic with labored breathing. While gaining more information about the​ patient's respiratory​ function, which finding would you recognize as most​ important? A. Systolic blood pressure of 92 mmHg B. Nasal congestion and runny nose C. Skin that is hot and dry D. Skin retractions between the ribs during inhalation

D. Skin retractions between the ribs during inhalation

A young female patient has been stung by a bee and complains that her​ "throat is closing​ up." She states that she is allergic to bee​ stings; the last time this​ happened, she had to have a​ "tube put into my​ windpipe." She is struggling to breathe and can speak only a few words at a time. Knowing that allergic reactions can cause swelling in the pharynx and the​ larynx, what airway sound would indicate that the patient indeed has swelling in this​ area? A. Gurgling B. Snoring C. Wheezing D. Stridor

D. Stridor

Correctly assessing orthostatic vital signs​ involves: A. Taking the blood pressure and heart rate three​ times, 2 minutes apart B. Determining whether the​ patient's respirations and heart rate are within normal limits C. Determining whether the​ patient's pulse disappears during deep inspiration D. Taking the blood pressure in the​ supine, seated, and standing positions

D. Taking the blood pressure in the​ supine, seated, and standing positions

You are observing a new EMT just hired by your EMS agency. You know he has correctly positioned the blood pressure cuff on the​ patient's arm​ when: A. The cuff is placed over the antecubital space and elbow B. The cuff covers​ one-third of the​ patient's upper arm C. The cuff is centered over the top of the radial artery D. The cuff is on the same level as the​ patient's heart

D. The cuff is on the same level as the​ patient's heart

The EMT is reviewing a patient care report and finds the following documentation​ "ETCO2 is 43​ mmHg." What does this​ mean? A. The patient is intubated B. The patient is hypoxic and in need of oxygen C. The hemoglobin saturation with carbon dioxide is normal D. The exhaled carbon dioxide level is normal

D. The exhaled carbon dioxide level is normal

The EMT is correct when he identifies baseline vital signs​ as: A. The most important set of vital signs B. Any change in two consecutive sets of vital signs C. A set of vital signs most close to normal D. The first set of vital signs obtained

D. The first set of vital signs obtained

When obtaining a blood pressure for a​ patient, the radial pulse disappears when the gauge reads 130 mmHg. When deflating the​ cuff, the EMT hears a pulse at 118 mmHg. The pulse disappears at 76 mmHg. Given​ this, which of these statements is​ true? A. The diastolic blood pressure is 118 mmHg B. The systolic blood pressure is 76 mmHg C. The diastolic blood pressure is 130 mmHg D. The systolic blood pressure is 118 mmHg

D. The systolic blood pressure is 118 mmHg

A family has called 911 for a​ 41-year-old male family member whom they cannot wake up. They state he has been threatening to kill himself and believe that he may have intentionally overdosed on his pain medications. As you enter the​ patient's bedroom, you observe him supine on the floor with his eyes closed. As he​ breathes, you hear snoring respirations. As a knowledgeable​ EMT, you recognize that this condition is likely caused​ by: A. The nasopharynx being blocked by mucus or heavy secretions B. The airway swelling shut C. The respiratory rate being less than 10​ breaths/min D. The tongue partially blocking the airway

D. The tongue partially blocking the airway

Your EMT student has a good understanding of​ end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring when she​ states: A. ​"End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring should be used only when the patient is being artificially​ ventilated." B. ​"Only paramedics and AEMTs are allowed to utilize​ end-tidal capnography." C. ​"The normal value should be 45 to 55​ mmHg." D. ​"Any disturbance to the​ breathing, circulation, or metabolic state of the patient can alter the​ reading."

D. ​"Any disturbance to the​ breathing, circulation, or metabolic state of the patient can alter the​ reading."

You are transporting a depressed patient who states that she is thinking of killing herself by taking a​ "whole bunch of​ pills." After providing you this​ information, the patient has refused to speak and has remained silent. Your physical assessment of the patient reveals she is stable. Which of these statements would be most appropriate for you to make at this​ time? A. ​"I need you to talk to me. I cannot help you if you refuse to talk to​ me." B. ​"Has the cat got your​ tongue? If you talk to​ me, I can help​ you." C. ​"I don't understand why you​ won't talk. You called 911 for​ help, didn't​ you?" D. ​"I understand if you do not want to talk. I will be sitting here if you need​ anything."

D. ​"I understand if you do not want to talk. I will be sitting here if you need​ anything."

When you are applying the pulse oximeter sensor to a​ patient's finger, he asks you what this device is for. Your response would​ be: A. ​"It tells us how well your heart is pumping​ blood." B. ​"It allows us to monitor your blood pressure and respiratory​ status." C. ​"It provides us with the most accurate measure of your heart​ rate." D. ​"It measures the amount of oxygen being carried by your blood​ cells."

D. ​"It measures the amount of oxygen being carried by your blood​ cells."

The EMT is correct when he makes which of these statements about assessment of the​ pupils? A. ​"If a​ patient's pupils are dilated but react to​ light, the pupillary exam is considered​ normal." B. ​"Dilated pupils are less of a concern than pupils that are​ constricted." C. ​"Constricted pupils are less of a concern than are dilated​ pupils." D. ​"Some people naturally have unequal​ pupils, but both should react to​ light."

D. ​"Some people naturally have unequal​ pupils, but both should react to​ light."

A patient who was shoveling snow developed chest​ pain, immediately sat down in a nearby bus​ shelter, and called 911. Prior to moving him into the​ ambulance, your partner performs a primary assessment and reports that the​ patient's capillary refill is 5 seconds. Which of these would be an appropriate statement for you to​ make? A. ​"That is a significant finding. We really need to get him on oxygen and get moving to the​ hospital." B. ​"If his skin is also warm and​ moist, then the patient is most likely in​ shock." C. ​"That finding likely indicates he has lost blood and the skin is not being adequately​ perfused." D. ​"The cold temperature may cause the capillary refill to be 5​ seconds; we should assess​ further."

D. ​"The cold temperature may cause the capillary refill to be 5​ seconds; we should assess​ further."

When obtaining a medical history using the SAMPLE​ mnemonic, which of these statements relates to the​ "P" component? A. ​"The pulse is 116 beats per​ minute." B. ​"The pain is rated at​ 8/10." C. ​"The physician is Dr.​ Coleman." D. ​"There is a history of​ pancreatitis."

D. ​"There is a history of​ pancreatitis."

Which of these patient descriptions contains only vital​ signs? A. Chief complaint of​ dizziness; skin, cool and​ clammy; respiratory​ rate, 16​ breaths/min B. Chief complaint of​ dizziness; BP,​ 110/76 mmHg; breath​ sounds, clear and equal C. Heart​ rate, 88​ beats/min; respiratory​ rate, 14​ breaths/min; blood glucose​ level, 98​ mg/dL D. ​Skin, warm and​ dry; heart​ rate, 74​ beats/min; pupils equal and reactive

D. ​Skin, warm and​ dry; heart​ rate, 74​ beats/min; pupils equal and reactive