EMT Chapter 12 Shock

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? A. bacterial infection of the nervous system with widespread vasodilation B. widespread vasoconstriction and plasma loss due to a severe viral infection C. bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation D. viral infection of the blood vessels, vascular damage, and vasoconstriction

A. Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation

When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient? A. en route to the hospital B. prior to transport C. during the primary assessment D. immediately after the injuries are discovered

A. En route to the hospital

Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________. A. compensated shock B. decompensated shock C. late shock D. irreversible shock

A. compensated shock

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to: A. determine if she was injured when she fainted. B. provide emotional support regarding her sister. C. advise her that she needs to go to the hospital. D. obtain baseline vital signs and a medical history.

A. determine if she was injured when she fainted.

Neurogenic shock occurs when: A. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. B. the spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging. C. there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container. D. massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury.

A. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: A. hypovolemia B. tachycardia C. diaphoresis D. hypothermia

A. hypothermia.

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: A. plasma B. platelets C. whole blood D. red blood cells

A. plasma.

Shock due to severe infection is called ________. A. septic sock B. neurogenic shock C. anaphylactic shock D. hypovolemic shock

A. septic shock

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as: A. the skin B. the heart C. the brain D. the lungs

A. the skin.

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock? A. liver laceration B. Cardiac Tamponade C. Simple Pneumothorax D. spinal cord injury

B. Cardiac tamponade

As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be? A. check for a pulse B. control the bleeding C. open the airway D. administer oxygen

B. Control the bleeding.

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. cool and clammy skin. B. absent peripheral pulses. C. restlessness or anxiety. D. rapid, shallow breathing.

B. absent peripheral pulses.

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________. A. septic shock B. anaphylactic shock C. cardiogenic shock D. neurogenic shock b

B. anaphylactic shock

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should: A. apply pressure to the brachial artery B. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist C. administer high flow supplemental oxygen D. wrap the towel with pressure bandages

B. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: A. immediately evaluate his airway. B. apply direct pressure to the wound. C. assess the rate and quality of his pulse. D. administer 100% supplemental oxygen.

B. apply direct pressure to the wound.

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: A.the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock C. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock D. irreversible shock often responds well to prompt blood transfusion

B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: A. acute myocardial infarction. B. cardiogenic hypoperfusion. C. severe septic hypoperfusion. D. a ruptured aortic aneurysm.

B. cardiogenic hypoperfusion.

Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________. A. hypovolemic shock B. cardiogenic shock C. neurogenic shock D. septic shock

B. cardiogenic shock

Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals that her breathing is inadequate. Your MOST immediate action should be to: A. administer high-flow oxygen. B. check her airway for obstructions. C. ventilate her with a bag-valve mask. D. move her to the ambulance stretcher.

B. check her airway for obstructions.

Inadequate circulation of the blood throughout the body is called? A. hypotesion B. shock C. perfusion D. hypoxia

B. shock

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: A.septic shock B. neurogenic shock C. cardiogenic shock D. anaphylactic shock

C. cardiogenic shock.

You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________. A. an increased heart rate B. peripheral vasodilation C. peripheral D. vasoconstriction hypothermia

C. peripheral vasoconstriction

You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a major motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should: A. take his vital signs in 15 minutes. B. arrange for an ALS rendezvous. C. reassess his condition in 5 minutes. D. repeat your secondary assessment.

C. reassess his condition in 5 minutes.

A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: A. transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route. B. consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack. C. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. D. request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away.

C. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct? A. Anaphylactic shock occurs immediately after a person is sensitized to an allergen. B. Sensitized people will experience less severe reactions upon subsequent exposure. C. Anaphylactic shock is the result of immune system failure due to a toxic exposure. D. Each subsequent exposure following sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.

D. Each subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.

What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"? A. arteries, veins, capillaries B. plasma, red blood cells, platelets C. heart, brain, lungs D. heart, blood vessels, blood

D. Heart, blood vessels, blood

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? A. High flow oxygen administration B. full mobilization of her spine C. intravenous fluid administration D. rapid transport to a trauma center

D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: A. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume B. the older patients; central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock C. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause and unusually fast heart rate D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying which increases risk for vominiting

D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

Distributive shock occurs when: A. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function. B. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster C. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels cause blood to pool in the vascular beds

D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax? A. early administration of high flow oxygen B. rapid administration of intravenous fluids C. decompression of the injured side of the chest D. positive pressure ventilation with bvm

Decompression of the injured side of the chest