EMT Chapter 24

During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred: Select one: A. during the primary phase. B. during the tertiary phase. C. during the secondary phase. D. as a direct result of the pressure wave.

B. during the tertiary phase.

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12′ from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain? Select one: A. direct trauma to the spinal column B. energy transmission to the spine C. secondary fall after the initial impact D. lateral impact to the spine

B. energy transmission to the spine

A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries did this patient likely NOT experience? Select one: A. multiple rib fractures B. head injury C. pulmonary contusion D. cardiac contusion

B. head injury

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced: Select one: A. lower extremity fractures. B. neck and facial injuries. C. blunt trauma to the head. D. open abdominal trauma.

B. neck and facial injuries.

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: Select one: A. obtain baseline vital signs. B. stabilize her entire spine. C. leave her bicycle helmet on. D. inspect the helmet for cracks.

B. stabilize her entire spine.

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. the primary impact point. B. the speed of the fall. C. the surface struck. D. the height of the fall.

B. the speed of the fall.

With regard to the three collisions that occur during a motor vehicle crash, which of the following statements regarding the first collision is correct? Select one: A. It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult. B. It has a direct effect on patient care because of the obvious vehicular damage. C. It provides the least amount of information about the mechanism of injury. D. It occurs when the unrestrained occupant collides with the interior of the vehicle.

A. It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult.

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct? Select one: A. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury. B. High-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries. C. Low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma. D. The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury.

A. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury.

Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall? Select one: A. a 4′6″ patient who fell 13′ B. a 5′0″ patient who fell 13′ C. a 4′8″ patient who fell 13′ D. a 5′9″ patient who fell 14′

A. a 4′6″ patient who fell 13′

When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car versus pedestrian collision, you should first: Select one: A. approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian. B. determine if the patient was struck and pulled under the vehicle. C. evaluate the vehicle that struck the patient for structural damage. D. determine if the patient was propelled away from the vehicle.

A. approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian.

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation with a rival gang member. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then: Select one: A. assess for an exit wound. B. auscultate bowel sounds. C. obtain baseline vital signs. D. apply a cervical collar.

A. assess for an exit wound.

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should: Select one: A. avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure. B. use a demand valve to ventilate the patient. C. suspect an accompanying cardiac tamponade. D. administer large amounts of intravenous fluid.

A. avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure.

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. osteoporosis can cause a fracture that may have resulted in the fall. B. any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma. C. elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury. D. bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls.

A. osteoporosis can cause a fracture that may have resulted in the fall.

Force acting over a distance defines the concept of: Select one: A. work. B. potential energy. C. kinetic energy. D. latent energy.

A. work.

During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of: Select one: A. 9. B. 7. C. 10. D. 8.

B. 7.

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height? Select one: A. Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy; the potential energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop. B. As the person falls, the amount of kinetic energy is converted into work; work is then converted to kinetic energy upon impact. C. Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop. D. Potential energy is created as the person is falling; the potential energy is then converted into kinetic energy upon impact.

C. Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash? Select one: A. forehead lacerations B. flail chest C. aortic rupture D. extremity fractures

C. aortic rupture

When a driver is in a car equipped with an air bag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the air bag deploys upon impact. Select one: A. steering wheel B. windshield C. door D. dashboard

C. door

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she: Select one: A. remains within the vehicle. B. is wearing only a lap belt. C. is ejected or partially ejected. D. experiences multiple impacts.

C. is ejected or partially ejected.

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for: Select one: A. alterations in his mental status. B. injury to the cervical spine. C. potential airway compromise. D. damage to internal structures.

C. potential airway compromise.

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should: Select one: A. rapidly assess only the survivors who have experienced obvious trauma. B. allow the survivors to refuse transport if they have no obvious injuries. C. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma. D. transport the survivors only if they have injuries or complain of pain.

C. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for: Select one: A. traumatic rupture of the aorta. B. underlying cardiac disease. C. a lacerated coronary artery. D. bruising of the heart muscle.

D. bruising of the heart muscle.

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition? Select one: A. impact of the head against the steering wheel B. lateral bending of the neck during the crash C. whiplash injury to the neck during the rollover D. compression of the head against the roof

D. compression of the head against the roof

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash? Select one: A. intrathoracic hemorrhage B. caved-in passenger door C. collapsed dashboard D. deformed steering wheel

D. deformed steering wheel

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma? Select one: A. intrusion into the vehicle B. dismounted seats C. steering wheel deformity D. deployment of the air bag

D. deployment of the air bag

Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are: Select one: A. low-caliber gunshot wounds and falls. B. motor vehicle collisions and stabbings. C. gunshot wounds and vehicle ejections. D. falls and motor vehicle collisions.

D. falls and motor vehicle collisions.

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to: Select one: A. recognize if the driver hit the brakes before impact. B. assess the severity of the third collision of the crash. C. determine the vehicle's speed at the time of impact. D. identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

D. identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of: Select one: A. airway compromise. B. spinal cord injury. C. a fracture of the skull. D. intracranial bleeding.

D. intracranial bleeding.

When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant: Select one: A. will decelerate at the same rate as the motor vehicle. B. is thrust under the steering column onto the floorboard. C. will most likely be thrown over the steering column. D. remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.

D. remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an air bag that did not deploy upon impact, it is MOST important to: Select one: A. realize that the air bag malfunctioned at the time of impact. B. suspect that the patient may have experienced serious injuries. C. recognize that the force of impact was most likely not severe. D. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.

D. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.