EMT Chapter 32: Orthopedic Injuries
What is an oblique fracture?
A fracture in which the bone is broken at an angle across the bone
What is an incomplete fracture?
A fracture that does not run completely through the bone
In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity? A. If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences sever pain B. When distal circulation and neurological functions are absent C. If transport time to hospital is greater than 20 to 30 minutes D. If a traction splint will be used to immobilize the injured extremity
A. If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences sever pain
What is a greenstick fracture?
An incomplete fracture that passes only partway through the shaft of a bone
Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct? A. Most cases of compartment syndrome occur following a severe fracture of the pelvis. B. Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury. C. In most cases, compartment syndrome develops within a few minutes after an injury. D. Compartment syndrome occurs because of increased pressure within the bone cavity.
B. Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.
Of the following musculoskeletal injuries, which is the LEAST severe? A. An amputation of an extremity B. Nondisplaced pelvic fracture C. Open fracture of a long bone D. Multiple closed long bone fractures
B. Nondisplaced pelvic fracture
Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include of of the following, except: A. ecchymosis B. deformity C swelling D. guarding
B. deformity
Which of the following structures is regulated by smooth muscle? A. Blood vessels B. Skeleton C. Diaphragm D. Heart
Blood vessels
You respond to a soccer game for a 16-year-old male with severe ankle pain. When you deliver him to the hospital, the physician tells you that he suspects a sprain. This means that: A. there is a disruption of the joint and the bone ends are no longer in contact. B. the patient has an incomplete fracture that passes only partway through the bone. C. stretching or tearing of the ligaments with partial or temporary dislocation of the bone ends has occurred. D. the muscles of the ankle have been severely stretched, resulting in displacement of the bones from the joint.
C. stretching or tearing of the ligaments with partial or temporary dislocation of the bone ends has occurred.
Which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock? A. Hip B. Humerus C. Femur D. Pelvis
D. Pelvis
Which of the following types of muscle is under direst voluntary control of the brain? A. Cardiac B. Autonomic C. Smooth D. Skeletal
D. Skeletal
Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct? A. striated muscle tissue is attached directly to the bones by tough bands of cartilage B. most to the body's striated muscle is found within the walls of the blood vessels C. striated muscle is involuntary because you have no conscious control over it D. it forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint.
D. it forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint.
What is a dislocation?
Disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact
What is a sprain?
Occur when a joint is twisted or stretched beyond its normal range of motion
A _______ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.
Sprain
The musculoskeletal system refers to the:
The bones and voluntary muscles of the body.
What is a fracture?
a break in the continuity of a bone
What is a spiral fracture?
a fracture caused by a twisting force, causing an oblique fracture around and through the bone
What is an epiphyseal fracture?
a fracture in the growth section of a child's bone
What is a transverse fracture?
a fracture that occurs straight across the bone
Bone marrow produces
blood cells
The MOST commonly fractures bone(s) in the body is the:
clavicle
When treating an open extremity fracture, you should:
dress the wound before applying the splint
A(n) _____ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone might lead to bone growth abnormalities.
epiphyseal
Traction splints primality immobilize and secure fractures of the:
femur
When splinting a possible fracture of the foot, it is MOST important for the EMT to:
leave the toes exposed
A patient tripped, fell, and landed on her elbow. She is in severe pain and has obvious deformity to her elbow. You should:
manually stabilize her injury
Atrophy is a condition that occurs when:
muscle decreases in size and function because of disease or trauma
What is a pathologic fracture?
occurs in bone weakened by disease
A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a ______ fracture.
pathologic
The purpose of splinting a fracture is to:
prevent motion of bony fragments.
A motorcyclist crashed his bike and has closed deformities to both of his midshaft femurs. He is conscious, but restless: his skin is cool and clammy: and his radial pulses are rapid and weak. The MOST appropriate splinting technique for this patient involves:
securing him to a long backboard
A young male has a musculoskeletal injury and is unresponsive. You will NOT be able to assess:
sensory and motor functions
Three types of muscles:
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
To effectively immobilize a fractured clavicle, you should apply a(n):
sling and swathe
What is a strain?
stretching or tearing of the muscle
Skeletal muscle is also referred to as ______ muscle.
striated
Skeletal muscle is also referred to as:
striated muscle
Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called:
tendons
The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called:
traction
What is a comminuted fracture?
type of fracture where the bone fragments or splinters into more than two pieces
