EMT Chapter 6: The Human Body

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

Alveoli

Which of the following statements regarding nervous system control of the cardiovascular system is correct?

Baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure.

Which of the following are central pulses?

Femoral and carotid

___________ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures.

Hydrostatic

Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body?

Pituitary

Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?

Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients.

Negative-pressure breathing involves:

a drop in pressure within the chest cavity.

Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a reduction in tidal volume.

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in:

a slower heart rate.

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:

aorta

Both areas of the pons are used to:

augment respirations during emotional or physical stress.

Contraction of the right ventricle causes:

blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation.

The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:

coccyx

The descending aorta branches into the:

common iliac arteries.

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in

constriction of the blood vessels.

Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:

contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange.

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called:

diastole

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

diffusion

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the:

epiglottis

The atlas is the:

first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull.

The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the:

greater trochanter.

The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint.

hinge

The vocal cords are located in the:

larynx

The _____ is connected to the intestine by the bile ducts.

liver.

The most superior section of the sternum is called the:

manubrium

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:

pulmonary veins

The bones of the forearm are called the:

radius and ulna

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:

stroke volume and heart rate.

Which layer of the skin is composed of fatty tissue and serves as an insulator for the body?

subcutaneous

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to which section of the spinal column?

thoracic

The carpal bones form the:

wrist

The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the:

xiphoid process

At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed:

100 beats/min

There are a total of ____ lobes in the right and left lungs.

5

The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her vascular system.

6L

There are _____ cervical vertebrae

7

During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume.

70 to 80 mL

Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?

Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted.

Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing?

Cerebellum

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing chemicals that regulate body activities?

Endocrine

Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive system?

Kidney

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?

Respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children?

Seesaw respirations

Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system?

Sensory

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:

Somatic nervous system

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space?

The Kidneys

Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?

The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system

Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct?

The medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm.

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:

acetabulum.

All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain?

brain stem

The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:

capillaries

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a product of:

cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.

The largest portion of the brain is the ___________, which is commonly referred to as the "gray matter."

cerebrum

The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:

dorsalis pedis

The leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the:

epiglottis

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen.

erythrocytes

Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?

five

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

gallbladder

The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the:

hypoxic drive

The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the:

ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:

inferior vena cava.

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:

inhalation

What is the function of platelets?

initial formation of a blood clot

The diaphragm is unique because it:

is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle.

The __________ fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

liver

The distal aspect of the tibia forms the:

medial malleolus.

The muscle tissue of the heart is called the:

myocardium

Trauma to the __________ lobe of the brain would likely result in visual disturbances.

occipital

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

orbit

The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:

pancreatic juice

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:

patella

The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs is called:

perfusion

The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called:

phalanges

The primary function of the right atrium is to:

receive blood from the vena cava.

The amount of air that remains in the lungs simply to keep them open is called the:

residual volume

Your ability to remain awake is a function of the:

reticular activating system.

The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:

right-side cerebrum.

The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.

sacrum

The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:

scapula

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:

sinoatrial node.

The axial skeleton is composed of the:

skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column.

The primary organ responsible for absorption of the products of digestion is the:

small intestine

Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:

spleen

The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the:

tunica media

In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause:

vascular constriction and tachycardia.

The movement of air between the lungs and the environment is called

ventilation

Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because:

waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells.