EMT Chapter 7: Life Span Development

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to:

shrinkage of the brain.

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:

70 beats/min

What are the vital signs of a school age child?

70-120 beats 15-20 breaths 80-110 pressure

What are the vital signs of a preschool age child?

80-140 beats 20-25 breaths 80-100 pressure

The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:

9 and 18 months.

A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between:

90 and 140 mm Hg.

In toddlers, the pulse rate is __________ beats/min.

90 to 150

What are the vital signs of a toddler?

90-150 beats 20-30 breaths 70-95 pressure

Moro Reflex

An infant reflex in which the infant opens his or her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at something when startled

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?

Secondary sexual development begins.

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:

responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.

What are the characteristics of a ten month old infant?

responds to name; crawls eficiently

What are the characteristics of an eight month old infant?

responds to no; plays peek a boo; can sit alone

The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to:

atherosclerosis.

An infant's lungs are fragile, and providing bag-valve mask ventilations that are too forceful can result in trauma from pressure, or __________.

barotrauma

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:

blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

Children of which age group are considered toddlers?

1-3 years.

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?

10 to 18 months

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

12-20 breaths/min

By ______ to 24 months, toddlers begin to understand cause and effect.

18 months

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

19 and 25 years.

What are the vital signs of an infant?

25-50 breaths 100-160 beats 70-95 pressure

Kidney function declines by _________________ between the ages of 20 and 90 years.

50%

What are the vital signs of an adolescent?

60-100 beats 12-20 breaths 90-110 pressure

What are the vital signs of an adult?

60-100 beats 12-20 breaths 90-140 pressure

Secure Attachment

A bond between infant and parents in which the infant understands that the parents will be responsive to the infants needs

Anxious-avoidant Attachment

A bond in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle.

Conventional Reasoning

A type of reasoning in which the a child looks for approval from peers or society

Post-Conventional reasoning

A type of reasoning in which the child bases decisions on the conscience

Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct?

An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's.

What are the characteristics of a three month old infant?

Brings objects to mouth; smiles and frowns

Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age?

Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs?

Increased weight

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant?

Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

What are the characteristics of a four month old infant?

Reaches out to people; drools

What are the characteristics of a two month old infant?

Recognizes familiar faces; tracks objects with eyes

Rooting Reflex

Reflex that occurs when something touches the infant's cheek, and the infant turns toward the touch

What are the characteristics of a five month old infant?

Sleeps through the night; recognizes family members

What are the characteristics of a six month old infant?

Teething begins; sits upright; speaks one syllable words

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex?

The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

What is "vital capacity"?

The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?

They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands.

Age-related changes in the renal system result in:

a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.

In preconventional reasoning, children:

act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

What are the characteristics of a seven month old infant?

afraid of strangers; mood swings

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:

age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.

Work, family, and stress best describe the life stage known as:

early adulthood.

The areas of the infant's skull that have not yet fused together are called ________.

fontanelles.

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:

increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

increased surface area available for air exchange.

Diastolic blood pressure tends to _______________ with age.

increases

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:

increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

Among elderly persons, ________ function in the 5 years preceding death is presumed to decline.

mental

According to the terminal drop hypothesis:

mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death.

You are dispatched to a public park in the middle of a sprawling subdivision for an arm injury. You arrive to find a crying 5-year-old boy cradling his swollen and deformed left forearm. His friends tell you that he was holding onto the bars of the play structure and that his arm "snapped" when he jumped into the sand below. You would expect this boy's pulse to be:

most likely above 90 beats/min.

The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________.

normal

What are the characteristics of an eleven month old infant?

starts to walk without help; frustrated with restrictions

Older adults frequently ___________.

take multiple medications

Atherosclerosis is defined as ________.

the blockage of a coronary artery

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:

the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.