EMT Class Exam I
Why should eye protection be worn?
The mucous membranes surrounding the eyes are capable of absorbing fluids that have splashed, spattered, or sprayed from the patient.
What does a paramedic do?
The paramedic performs all of the skills of an EMT and AEMT in addition to more advanced level skills. The paramedic provides the most advanced level of prehospital care.
What does the AEMT do? (1, 2:a-c)
1) Basic-level care and transportation. 2) Advanced-level care including: (a) advanced airway devices, (b) monitoring of blood glucose levels, and (c) administration of some medications (both intravenous and intraosseous.
What are the four levels of EMS training?
1) Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) 2) Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) 3) Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) 4) Paramedic
What does the EMR do? (3, a-d)
1) First one at the scene. 2) Police officers, firefighters, and industrial health personnel may function in this position. 3) Emphasis on (a) activating EMS system and (b) providing immediate care for life threatening injuries, (c) controlling the scene, and (d) preparing for the arrival of the ambulance.
What does the EMT do? (2)
1) Minimum level for ambulance personnel. 2) Provide basic-level medical and trauma care and transportation to a medical facility.
In what 3 situations must an emergency move be used?
1) Scene is hazardous 2) Care of life-threatening conditions requires repositioning. 3) You must reach other patients.
What is the incubation period for tuberculosis?
2-6 weeks
What is the power lift?
A lift from a squatting position with weight to be lifted close to the body, feet apart and flat on the ground, body weight on or just behind the balls of the feet, and the back locked-in. The upper body is raised before the hips. Basically a squat.
What is the Emergency Response Guidebook?
A reference book for hazardous material incidents. It provides important information about the properties of the dangerous substance as well as information on safe distances, emergency care, and suggested procedures in the event of spills or fire.
In cases where the patient is suspected to have tuberculosis, what should be worn?
An N-95 mask or a HEPA respirator.
What type of move should be used when there is no time to complete an assessment, immobilize the patient's spine, or move a stretcher into position?
An emergency move.
What situations call for the use of a gown? (3)
Arterial spurting (bleeding.) Childbirth. Patients with multiple injuries (have the potential to produce lots of blood.)
What are the two most prevalent types of hepatitis amongst EMTs?
B and C
What are BSI procedures?
Body substance isolation procedures (also known as Standard Precautions) that protect you from the blood and body fluids of the patient and vice versa.
What actions warrant use of protective gloves?
Controlling bleeding, suctioning, artificial ventilation, and CPR.
What should be worn to protect clothing and bare skin from spilled or splashed fluids?
Gown
What is the power grip?
Gripping with as much hand surface as possible in contact with the object being lifted, all fingers bent at the same angle, and hands at least 10 inches apart.
What are the modes of transmission for HIV? (5)
HIV-infected blood via intravenous drug use, unprotected sexual contact, blood transfusions, (less than 1% chance of occurring) accidental needle sticks, or mothers passing on HIV to their children.
What disease of concern does not survive well outside of the human body?
HIV/AIDS
How can hepatitis be acquired?
Hepatitis A: consumption of food or water contaminated by stool. Hepatitis B and C: Contact with blood and other body fluids.
What disease of concern has killed more healthcare workers than other disease?
Hepatitis B
What disease of concern may has been found to live in dried blood for many days?
Hepatitis B
What are the three biggest diseases of concern for an EMT?
Hepatitis, tuberculosis, and HIV
In an emergency move, how should a patient be moved in order to prevent aggravation of a spinal injury?
In the direction of the long axis of the body.
Does tuberculosis require direct contact with a carrier to be transmitted?
No - it is an airborne pathogen.
Is there a cure for hepatitis B?
No, but there is a vaccine. There is no vaccine, however, for hepatitis C.
When there is no immediate threat to life, what move should be used?
Non-urgent
What are two techniques for proper lifting?
Power lift and power grip.
What should be worn whenever there is potential for contact with blood and other body fluids?
Protective gloves.
What is the difference between proximal and distal?
Proximal means closer to the torso. Distal means farther away from the torso.
What is the incubation period for HIV?
Several months to years
What is the greatest danger in an emergency move?
Spine injury may be aggravated.
In cases where there will be blood or fluid splatter, what should be worn?
Surgical-type mask.
What disease of concern can spread through the air?
Tuberculosis
What is the difference between an emergency move and an urgent move?
Urgent moves are performed with precautions for spinal injury.
What are the three types of moves?
Urgent, non-urgent, emergency
What type of move should be used when you have time to carry out an abbreviated version of assessment and spinal immobilization?
Urgent.
What do superior and inferior refer to?
Vertical, or up-and-down, directions. Superior means above; inferior means below. "The nose is superior to the mouth.
What is the incubation period for hepatitis?
Weeks to months, depending on the type
