EMT Exam 6

Patients with congestive heart failure experience a fluid overload in the lung which may develop quickly from a failing pump. true or false

true

How long should an EMT suction an infant's airway?

5 seconds or less

When is forcible restraint permitted?

When the patient poses a significant threat to self or others

A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced?

Acute myocardial infarction

What is the metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen?

Anaerobic

Your primary assessment of an elderly woman reveals that she is conscious and alert, but is experiencing difficulty breathing. She has a history of emphysema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. As you assess the patient's circulatory status, you should direct your partner to:

administer oxygen with the appropriate device

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is:

Epinephrine

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

Gallbladder

The EMT is legally obligated to protect a patient's privacy according to _____________.

HIPAA

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:

Immediately resume chest compressions

OPQRST is used to assess a patient and gather additional information. If a patient were reporting either a sharp, dull, crushing or tearing pain; what letter in the mnemonic would they be covering?

Q

The body's natural pacemaker located in the heart is the:

SA node

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when:

a small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms.

You are transporting an elderly woman who has possibly experienced a stroke. She is obviously scared but is unable to talk and cannot move the entire right side of her body. In addition to providing the medical care that she needs, you should:

acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her.

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 22 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 92%. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should:

administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further.

Crackles (rales) are caused by _________.

air passing through fluid

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?

alveoli

A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

aortic aneurysm.

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. He is alert and responsive as you make initial contact. You should next:

assess the adequacy of his respirations.

The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:

brain stem

When there are low levels of oxygen in the blood, the lips and mucous membranes appear blue or gray. This condition is called:

cyanosis

A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:

fluid accumulation outside the lung.

The spinal cord exits the cranium through the:

foramen magnum

Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they:

have a cough

Which of the following medications would the EMT be LEAST likely to administer to a patient with a medical complaint?

ibuprofen

Asthma is caused by a response of the:

immune system

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:

inferior vena cava

You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:

initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible.

The secondary assessment of a medical patient:

is not practical if the patient is critically ill or your transport time is short.

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum:

is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.

Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in:

leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity.

A strangulated hernia is one that:

loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.

You arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. She has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. After protecting her from further injury, you should:

maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, and administer high-flow oxygen.

You arrive at a local grocery store approximately 5 minutes after a 21-year-old female stopped seizing. She is confused and disoriented; she keeps asking you what happened and tells you that she is thirsty. Her brother, who witnessed the seizure, tells you that she takes valproate (Depakote) for her seizures, but has not taken it in a few days. He also tells you that she has diabetes. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:

monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level.

Assessment of a patient's blood pressure with an automatic BP cuff reveals that it is 204/120 mm Hg. The patient is conscious and alert and denies any symptoms. The EMT should:

obtain a manual blood pressure.

In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:

oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane

A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should:

remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest.

The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:

removing sodium and water from the body.

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring is clearly indicated for patients who present with:

respiratory distress

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:

right atrium

Although considered a waste gas, some level of carbon dioxide in the blood is actually necessary. true or false

true

Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies?

spleen

Solid abdominal organs include the:

spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.

A fever accompanied with a barking cough, would most likely be associated with what type of breath sounds in a child, if you were thinking they were affected by croup or epiglottitis?

stridor

You are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth, and has an oxygen saturation of 96%. You should:

suction her oropharynx and transport immediately

When caring for a patient who takes numerous medications, it is best to:

take all of the patient's medications with you to the hospital and document them on your patient care report

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:

the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

You are caring for a driver who struck a light pole. She admits to drinking alcohol but orders you not to tell anyone. You should report the information to __________.

the receiving nurse or doctor

Palpate means to?

to examine by touch

The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is:

transporting the patient without delay