EMT final exam
Which of the following questions is at least pronounce when determining whether a mother will deliver her baby with in the next few minutes?
"have you had a sonogram?"
When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should:
Have a female EMT remain with her if possible
Which of the following statements regarding the placenta is correct?
The placenta allows oxygen carbon dioxide and other products to transfer between the mother and fetus but does not allow blood to mix between the mother and fetus
Once the infant's head has been delivered:
Suction the infant's mouth, then the nose
Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Sunken fontanelles
When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should:
Talk to the child, not just the caregiver
Geriatric patients present as a special problem for caregivers because:
The classic presentation of disease is often altered
A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by:
age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact.
Abnormal blood-filled dilation of a blood vessel:
aneurysm
A pediatric patient with a fever, pain on palpation of the right lower quadrant, and rebound tenderness is likely suffering from _____
appendicitis
Which of the following statements is not true?
The leading cause of abruptio placenta is an ectopic pregnancy
A drop in blood pressure with a change in position is referred to as:
orthostatic hypotension.
The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates:
that the baby's airway may be obstructed.
Child 12 to 18 years of age:
Adolescent
A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately:
16 hours
After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within:
2 seconds
By the end of pregnancy the pregnant patient heart rate increases up to 20% or about ____________ beats per minute
20
Determine the Apgar score in the following scenario: You arrive at the scene of a home delivery. Upon entering the scene, the father appears upset and hands you a limp baby. The child has a weak cry, is completely cyanotic, and has a pulse of 70 beats/min. Respirations are slow.Select one:
3
When assisting ventilations in a newborn with a bag valve mask, the rate is ____________ breaths per minute
40 to 60
Premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus is known as:
Abruptio placenta
An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:
Absent urine output
A 70-year-old man complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. He has dried blood on his lips and is very anxious. His left leg is red, swollen, and painful. The EMT should:
Administer high-flow oxygen.
You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:
Administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.
The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to:
Allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child
A fluid-filled bag like membrane inside the uterus that grows around the developing fetus:
Amniotic sac
During your visual inspection of a 25-year-old woman in labor, you see the babies head crowning of the vagina opening. What should you do?
Apply gentle pressure to the babies head as it delivers
Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler:
At the feet
Upon delivery of an infants head, you know that the umbilical cord is wrapped around it's neck. You should:
Attempt to slip the cord gently over the infants head
20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mothers:
Bellybutton
The vagina and lower part of the uterus:
Birth canal
A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the MOST indicative of decompensated shock?
Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg
Pale skin in a child indicates that the:
Blood vessels near the skin are constricted
The only indications for placing your glove finger in the vagina during delivery are:
Breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord
The neck of the uterus:
Cervix
Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse?
Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver
A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that seizure lasted approximately lasted 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should:
Cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital.
A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:
Croup
Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct?
Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night
Sudden change in mental status, consciousness, or cognitive processes
Delirium
Placenta previa is defined as:
Development of the placenta over the cervical opening
Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with:
Drooling or congestion
___________ is heralded by the onset of convulsions, or seizures, resulting from severe hypertension in the pregnant woman.
Eclampsia
A risk of pelvic inflammatory disease or tubal ligations increase a woman's risk for:
Ectopic pregnancy
The leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester is internal hemorrhage into the abdomen following rupture of a ____________
Ectopic pregnancy
Which of the following is NOT a common exposure when dealing with pediatric burns?
Electrocution from poor wiring
A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should:
Encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport.
Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT:
Entrapment in a structural fire
When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial pulse or ________ pulse.
Femoral
A 75-year-old woman complains of shortness of breath. Which of the following findings should alert the EMT to the possibility of a pulmonary embolism?
History of deep venous thrombosis
Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Hyperglycemia
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of altered mental status in pediatric patients
Hypertension
First year old life:
Infancy
The amniotic fluid serves to:
Insulate and protect the fetus
A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:
Is wrapped around the baby's neck
You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however his heart rate is 90 bpm you should:
Keep him warm and ventilate with a BVM
Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should:
Massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion
The first month of life after birth is referred to as the:
Neonatal period
Which of the following is not performed immediately following delivery of the infant?
Obtain an Apgar score
While triaging patients at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash, you encounter a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive and apneic. After positioning his airway, you should:
Palpate for a carotid pulse
A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks' pregnant is experiencing scant vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should:
Place her in the left lateral recumbent position
A 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high she has been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should:
Place on her side, administer high flow O2 and transport
Tissue that develops on the wall of the uterus and is connected to the fetus:
Placenta
Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Positive pressure ventilation's
A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because:
Pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume
Child 3 to 6 years of age:
Preschool-age
Three days after delivering her baby, a 30-year-old woman complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Her level of consciousness is decreased and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:
Pulmonary embolism
You and your partner are both male and are attending to a 28-year-old female patient complaining of diffuse abdominal pain. The patient is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. The patient refuses to allow you to examine her, and her husband informs you that their culture does not allow males to examine pregnant women. You should:
Respect the patient's wishes, ensure that the appropriate documentation is completed, and transport the patient
Which of the following is not generally considered an obstetrical emergency?
Return of contractions following delivery of the baby
When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the:
Size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact
____________ is a developmental defect in which a portion of the spinal cord portraits outside the vertebrae
Spina bifida
When you are performing a scene assessment at an incident involving SIDS, you should focus your attention on all of the following, EXCEPT:
The temperature of the room
Following delivery of the placenta, the mother is experiencing vaginal bleeding. After massaging her fundus and allowing the mother to breast feed, the bleeding stops. This occurred because:
These actions stimulate the production of oxytocin and cause uterine contraction
Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is correct?
They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year.
Child 1 to 3 years of age:
Toddler
Connects mother and infant:
Umbilical cord
From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery?
Uterus
An infant is considered to be premature if it:
Weighs less than 5 pounds or is born before 36 weeks' gestation
When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence initially?
Why did your child ingest the poison?
An 84-year-old male fell a week ago and has been bedridden since then. Today, he presents with an altered mental status. His skin is pale and cold and his respirations are rapid and shallow. The EMT should suspect:
a systemic infection
You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. His pulse is slow and bounding. You should:
assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center.
When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-valve mask, the EMT should:
block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise.
clouding of the lens of the eye
cataract
An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may:
cause the child to vomit
Children with N. meningitides would MOST likely present with:
cherry-red spots or a purplish rash.
Are attending to a 23-year-old female patient who is 16 weeks pregnant with her second child. Patient has apparently fall and sustained an injury to her upper right arm. When you ask about the incident history, the patient is reluctant to explain what happened and becomes very quiet. Based on this information, you should:
continue your care in a private area, document any details regarding the scene and the incident, and reassure her as you provide care
Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:
cyanosis
The slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function is known as:
dementia
difficulty breathing:
dyspnea
Forward curling of the spine
kyphosis
A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect:
moderate dehydration.
When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her:
on a firm flat surface with her hips elevated 2 to 4 inches
Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes:
placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated
Blood levels of medications may rise in the elderly, sometimes to toxic levels. This is MOST likely due to:
renal insufficiency
in contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with:
severe hypoxia and bradycardia
When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the:
start of one to the start of the next
If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may:
stimulate the vagus nerve
Fainting:
syncope
A 69-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She is semiconscious with a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg and a heart rate of 74 beats/min that is weak. Her daughter, who was uninjured in the crash, tells you that her mother has a history of hypertension and takes beta-blockers. Considering the fact that this patient is probably in shock, what is the MOST likely explanation for the absence of tachycardia?
the effects of her antihypertensive medication
A 77-year-old female presents with an acute onset of altered mental status. Her son is present and advises that she has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. He further advises that she takes numerous medications and that she is normally alert. When you assess this patient, it is important to note that:
the patient is experiencing delirious behavior, which suggests a new health problem.
A "silent" heart attack occurs when:
the usual chest pain is not present.
Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because:
their bones bend more easily than an adult's.
The most common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is:
vomiting and diarrhea
