EMT Final

The mnemonic BE MAGIC helps you remember the six typical steps of endotracheal intubation. Which of the following is not part of the mnemonic? A. Performing BVM preoxygenation B. Achieving venous access C. Manipulating the patient D. Evaluating for airway difficulties

B.

Which of the following situations MOST likely involves a hazardous material? A. Milk truck that overturned and is leaking fluid B. Tractor trailer rig that is emitting a visible cloud C. Moving van that collided head-on with a small car D. Pickup truck from the gas company that struck a tree

B.- A crash does not need to occur for a spill or leak to happen. A vehicle that is emitting a visible cloud should make you suspicious that a hazardous material is involved—especially if the vehicle is a tractor trailer rig. In such cases, you should stay uphill and upwind and notify the fire department or HazMat team.

. Which of the following is a characteristic of a regular team? A. They serve a specialized role within the larger emergency health care system. B. Members consistently interact with the same partner. C. The team performs special functions across geographic boundaries. D. Regular teams are more common in volunteer EMS systems.

B.- Members of a regular team consistently interact with the same partner.This allows them to perform as a seamless unit. Special teams serve a specialized role within the larger emergency health care team. Groups perform special functions across geographic boundaries. Temporary teams are common in volunteer EMT systems.

Anthrax

Bacteria (inhalation and cutaneous), lays dormant in a spore, Pulmonary anthrax is most deadly, antibiotics will treat successfully.

Plague

Bacteria infection. Vectors are rodents and fleas. Infects lymphatic system and creates buboes.

Proper protective equipment will vary depending on the hazards encountered. Which piece of equipment should be utilized during all patient contacts?

Blood- and fluid- impermeable gloves at all times during patient contact. If involved in extrication, you should wear a pair of leather gloves over your disposable gloves.

The Department of Homeland Security posts a daily advisory system to keep the public aware of the current terrorist threat level. What does an blue level indicate?

Blue (guarded) indicates a general risk of terrorist attacks.

When verbal transfer of care occurs, all team members should do their best to ensure that: A. the transfer of care occurs in a place where many staff members are present to hear. B. lifesaving care is not interrupted if it is being performed by the person giving report. C. everyone is respectful of each team member's role. D. patient care is centered around what you believe is the correct treatment

C.

Select the areas of the spinal column in descending order:

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

What is the clean technique?

Clean techniquerefers to minimizing the amount of pathogens or "unclean" materials that you pick up or transfer through the use of routine handwashing.

When a team member speaks, you should repeat the message back to him or her. This is an example of: A. closed loop communication. B. a clear message. C. constructive intervention. D. courtesy.

Closed loop communication helps confirm that you heard and understood the message, and will act on it. A clear message is delivered when you speak calmly, confidently, and concisely so that the information delivered or the action requested is clear to the listener. Constructive intervention takes place when it is necessary for you to respectfully question or correct a team member or leader. You extend courtesy when speaking politely to members of the group.

A two-door passenger car struck a tree while driving approximately 50 mph. The doors are badly damaged and jammed, and the driver appears to be unconscious inside the vehicle. Entering the vehicle by breaking the back window is an example of:

Complex access: requires the use of special tools and special training and includes breaking windows or other forcible entry. Simple access does not involve the use of any tools; opening a door or rolling down a window.

You respond to a plastic factory, where numerous people present with shortness of breath, flushed skin, and altered mental status. One of the patients tells you he smelled almonds before he started feeling sick. These people were MOST likely exposed to:

Cyanide is a colorless gas that has the odor of almonds. It is produced in many different industries in the United States such as plastic processing, gold and silver mines, and photography studios. You should suspect a chemical exposure whenever multiple patients present with the same or similar symptoms.

A team leader: A. helps individual team members to work together. B. is often defined by policy, procedure, or statute. C. provides coordination, oversight, centralized decision making and support for the team. D. All of the above

D.

Which of the following statements best describes a mass-casualty incident? A. At least half of the patients are dead. B. Either a buss or an airplane has crashed. C. You have more than two critical patients. D. The patient count exhausts your resources.

D.- A mass-casualty situation is one that places such a great demand on available equipment or personnel that the system is stretched to its limits or beyond. While bus accidents and plane crashes are classic examples of MCIs, they are not the only situations that can exhaust your resources.

A terrorist would MOST likely use a secondary explosive device: A. to ensure that a structure is completely destroyed. B. in case the primary explosive device fails to detonate. C. as a means of dispersing a biologic or chemical agent. D. to injure rescuers and gain maximum public attention.

D.- A secondary explosive device is usually aimed at injuring or killing rescue workers. It is also designed to be caught on camera by the media, which draws public attention to the terrorist. Biologic or chemical agents can be dispersed by the primary device, the secondary device, or both.

A man has been sucked inside the bin of a grain silo and is trapped. Which of the following rescue teams in the most appropriate to request? A. trench rescue B. High-angle rescue C. Local fire department D. Confined space rescue

D.- Grain silos are confined spaces that such teams are specially trained to operate in. Trench rescue teams are trained to deal with cave-ins and trench collapses. If your local fire department is trained in confined space rescue, they should be notified.

As you ventilate an intubated patient, which of the following observations would cause you to immediately alert the team leader? A. Ventilation is creating equal chest rise. B. The patient's cyanosis is disappearing. C. The oxygen saturation level is now at 94%. D. The BVM is offering more resistance.

D.- Increasing resistance while ventilating with the BVM could be indicative ofa critical airway or breathing problem, such as an esophageal intubation, that needs to be addressed. Other observations that need to be immediately reported to the team leader include a decreasing SpO2 level (especially below 94%), physical signs of poor ventilation and perfusion, and improper positioning or dislodgement of the ET tube.

Members of an interdependent group: A. focus on the goals of their own individual areas. B. rely on the group leader for task assignments. C. have limited ability to adapt and deliver critical care medical care in an uncontrolled field environment. D. work together with shared responsibilities, accountability, and a common goal.

D.- Members of an interdependent group work together with shared responsibilities, accountability, and a common goal. People who are part of a independent group focus on the goals of their own individual area. Individuals who are part of a dependent group rely on the leader for task assignments and have limited ability to adapt and deliver critical medical care in an uncontrolled field environment.

You respond to a wooded area to help search for a child who has been missing for approximately 24 hours. Which of the following equipment should you leave in the ambulance? A. Radio B. Flashlight C. Jump kit D. Backboard

D.- When participating in a search and rescue effort, large equipment that is not easily carried should be left in the ambulance.

What does the mnemonic stand for?

Diarrhea; Urination; Miosis (pinpoint pupils); Bradycardia and bronchospasm; Emesis (vomiting); Lacrimation (excessive tearing); and Salivation, seizures, and sweating

All of the following are examples of standard patient transfer equipment except: A. Stokes baskets B. Long backboards C. Wheeled stair chairs D. Wheeled ambulance stretchers

Each ambulance should carry a primary wheeled ambulance stretcher, a wheeled stair chair for use in narrow spaces, a long backboard, and a short backboard or short immobilization device. A Stokes basket—also called a basket stretcher—is a specialized piece of equipment that is used for moving patients up or down rough terrain. Most ambulances do not carry Stokes baskets; they are usually carried by rescue vehicles or fire apparatus.

What is the purpose of the incident command system (ICS)?

Ensuring responder and public safety. Achieving incident management goals. Ensuring the efficient use of resources.

When EMS responds to a disaster, as part of their response within the ICS, EMS would start with a scene size-up. What is the next step for the first-responding units?

Establishing command. The first EMS unit to arrive needs to function within the ICS. Once you have performed a good scene size-up and answered the three basic questions to complete a scene size-up, command should be established by the most senior official, notification to other responders should go out, and necessary resources should be requested.

T/F MCIs are based upon the number of fatalities.

False

The Department of Homeland Security posts a daily advisory system to keep the public aware of the current terrorist threat level. What does an green level indicate?

Green indicates a low risk of terrorist attacks.

The primary purpose of a "jump kit" is to: A. ensure that you have immediate access to the AED B. have available all of the equipment that you will use in the entire call. C. Have easy access to manage patients with severe uncontrolled bleeding. D. Have available all of the equipment that will be used in the first five minutes.

Have available all of the equipment that will be used in the first five minutes. it contains anything you might need in the first five minutes with the patient. It is during this five minute period that you will find and manage immediate life threats.

Communicability:

How easily the disease is able to spread from one human to another human

The most common and often most serious ambulance crashes occur at/on:

Intersections: always be alert and careful when approaching an intersection. Whether at an intersection with a stop lights or stop signs, you should momentarily come to a complete stop, look in both directions for other motorists or pedestrians, and then carefully proceed through the intersection.

What is disentanglement?

Involves the removal of the vehicle from around the patient.

What is a technical rescue?

Involves the use of specialized teams.

What does sulfur mustard do the cells within the body?

It makes the cells mutate, which damages and changes the cells and causes cellular death.

Upon arrival at a scene where hazardous materials are involved, you should park the ambulance:

It should be parked uphill and upwind from the scene. Other locations may expose the ambulance to any escaping hazardous material. Be prepared to quickly move the ambulance if the wind shifts in your direction. The distance from the hot zone should be at least 100 feet.

What is considered L1 Toxicity?

Level 1 toxicity includes materials that would cause little, if any, health hazard.

Which toxicity level would you assign a hazardous material spill that could cause a person temporary damage or residual injury unless prompt medical treatment is given?

Level 2 toxicity includes materials that could cause temporary damage or residual injury unless prompt medical treatment is provided.

What is considered L3 Toxicity?

Level 3 toxicity includes materials that are extremely hazardous to health and requires full protective gear.

What is considered L4 Toxicity?

Level 4 toxicity includes materials that are so hazardous that even minimal contact will cause death.

How does a disaster differ from a mass-casualty incident?

Many disasters, such as droughts that cause widespread crop damage, do not involve personal injury. An MCI generally lasts no longer than a few hours, but emergency responders may be on the scene for days or weeks in a disaster. Although you can "declare" an MCI, only an elected official can declare a disaster.

The, nose, chin, umbilicus (navel), and spine are examples of ____ atomic structures?

Midline

Botulinum toxin

Most potent neurotoxin, produced by bacteria, voluntary muscle control lost, eventually causes paralysis, leads to respiratory arrest.

Proper removal of a critically injured patient from an automobile involves:

Moving the patient in smooth, slow, controlled steps. Resist the temptation to move the immobilization device instead.

Ricin

Neurotoxin. Derived from castor bean. Causes pulmonary edema and respiratory and circulatory failure.

Who reports directly to the Incident commander?

Only sector or unit officers report to the IC.

A 30 yo semiconscious man is pinned by the steering wheel of his badly wrecked vehicle. Once access has been gained to the patient the EMT should?

Perform a primary assessment and provide any needed emergency care prior to extrication. Unless there is an immediate threat of fire, explosion, or other danger, you should perform a primary assessment and treat all immediate life-threats as soon as you have gained access to the patient. After correcting any immediately life-threatening problems, extrication should begin.

A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. What aspect of his body has sustained the initial injury?

Plantar

What are the 10 phases of extrication?

Prep, En route to scene, Arrival and scene size-up, hazard control, support operations, gaining access, emergency care, removal of patient, transfer, termination

What is the first phase of extrication?

Preparation: Rescue personnel must routinely check the extrication tools and their response vehicle to ensure proper operation.

The Department of Homeland Security posts a daily advisory system to keep the public aware of the current terrorist threat level. What does an red level indicate?

Red, the highest level, indicates a severe risk of terrorist attacks.

Metabolic agents in high doses will produce?

Respiratory distress or arrest, Tachypnea, Flushed skin, Tachycardia, altered mental status, coma, seizure, cardiac arrest

As you approach an unconscious patient who is still in her wrecked vehicle, you note that there is a power line entangled in the wreckage of the vehicle. You should:

Retreat until the power line has been removed or the power is shut off. Never attempt to access the patient until you are certain that the vehicle is stable and that any hazards have been identified and removed. Common hazard at a motor vehicle crash include leaking gasoline. power lines over the vehicle, and engine fires.

Pinpoint pupils, vomiting, bradycardia, and excessive salivation are signs of exposure to: A. lewisite. B. soman. C. cyanide. D. phosgene.

Soman (GD) is a nerve agent; it can cause death within seconds to minutes of exposure. The mnemonic "DUMBELS" can help you recall the signs and symptoms of nerve agent exposure. It stands for Diarrhea; Urination; Miosis (pinpoint pupils); Bradycardia and bronchospasm; Emesis (vomiting); Lacrimation (excessive tearing); and Salivation, seizures, and sweating.

You are assisting the paramedic with vascular access. When you spike the IV bag, it is important for you to use __________ technique.

Sterile

Factors that have the GREATEST impact on the severity of radiation exposure include:

The best way to protect yourself from the effects of radiation is to use time, distance, and shielding. Radiation has a cumulative effect; the less time you are exposed, the less the effects will be. Radiation is also limited in how far it can travel; depending on the type of radiation, moving only a few feet may be enough to remove you from immediate danger. The path of all radiation can be stopped by a specific object; alpha rays can be stopped by a newspaper, beta rays by your clothing, and gamma rays by several feet of concrete.

When dealing with a hazardous materials incident, where should you set up your decontamination area?

The decontamination area should be set up between the hazard zone and the treatment area. This way, patients cannot bring any hazardous materials into the treatment area and contaminate anyone else.

You have been dispatched to a call for an unresponsive patient. What is the most important information that you should obtain from the dispatcher initially?

The exact physical location of the patient. You cannot help the patient if you cannot find him or her. While in route, you should try to ascertain more specific patient information (whether patient is breathing, fell, ect)

Upon arriving at a scene in which the incident command system has been activated, you should expect to?

The incident commander establishes sectors of responsibility and sector officers. When functioning at an incident in which the incident command system has been activated, you should report to the appropriate sector officer, carry out your assignment, and report back to the sector officer. In many cases, you will be asked to report to a different sector

Incubation:

The period of time btw the person becoming exposed and the appearance of the first symptoms.

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to what section of the spinal column?

Thoracic

What is the High-angle rescue team trained for?

Trained for rescues on slopes greater than 45 degrees.

T/F Neurotoxins are the most deadly substances known to humans.

True

T/F Sarin gas is colorless and odorless.

True

. A large tanker truck has overturned on a highway. When you arrive, you see a clear liquid leaking from the rear of the tanker. The driver, who appears to be unconscious, is still in the vehicle and is bleeding heavily from the face. You should?

Upon arriving at the scene of a possible HazMat incident, you must first step back and assess the situation. This can be very stressful—especially if you see a patient. However, rushing into such a situation puts your own life in jeopardy. Once you have properly assessed the scene, you should request the appropriate assistance, such as the fire department or hazardous materials team.

Which of the following is NOT a guideline for safe ambulance driving? A. always use your siren if you have the emergency lights on. B. Always exercise due regard for person and property. C. Use one-way streets whenever possible. D. Go with the flow of the traffic.

Use one-way streets whenever possible. - Avoid one-way streets; they may become clogged. Do not go against the flow of traffic on a one-way street, unless absolutely necessary.

The term "weaponization" is defined as?

Weaponization is the creation of a weapon from a biologic agent generally found in nature that causes disease. The agent is cultivated, synthesized, and/or mutated to maximize the target population's exposure to the agent.

While en route to a call for a major motor vehicle collision, the most important safetly precautions that you and your partner can take is/are:

Wearing seat belts and shoulder harnesses at all times.

What are the three basic questions you ask during scene size-up?

What do I have? What do I need? What do I need to do?

When is a helicopter considered "hot"?

When the rotors are turning.

Essential elements of a group that people must share include?

Working with a set of shared values.

The Department of Homeland Security posts a daily advisory system to keep the public aware of the current terrorist threat level. What does an yellow level indicate?

Yellow (elevated) indicates a significant risk of terrorist attacks

Movement or motion away from the body's midline is called:

abduction

A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:

bilateral

The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:

coccyx

A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the:

distal forearm

A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a:

distal humerus fracture

The topographic term used to describe the part of the body that is nearer to the feet is:

inferior

The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline or center of the body is:

medial

In relation to the chest, the back is:

posterior

Which of the following anatomic terms is synonymous with the word "dorsal"?

posterior

An intoxicated 40yo male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?

prone

In relation to the wrist, the elbow is:

proximal

Cyanide treatment.

(Metabolic agent) All patient clothes must be removed. Support the ABC's, Initiate transport immediately if antidote not available.

Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF)

(Virus) Causes the blood in the body to seep out from the tissues and blood vessels. Flulike symptoms progressing to external hemorrhaging.

Smallpox

(Virus) Highly contagious.

The recommended dimensions for a helicopter landing zone are?

100 x 100 ft. on a hard or grassy surface that is level. The landing zone should be clear of loose debris and power lines.

You are dispatched to the scene of a trench collapse. Upon arriving at the scene, your ambulance should be parked at least _____ feet from the incident.

500 ft. Bc vibration is the primary cause of the secondary collapse. All vehicles, including scene construction equipment, should be turned off. All traffic should be diverted from the 500 ft safety area.

The cervical spine is composed of ____ vertebrae.

7

How many vertebrae are there in each section of the spine?

7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccyx

Which of the following statements about helicopters is true? A. It is possible that the main rotor blade will dip to within 4 ft of the ground. B. A helicopter is considered "hot" when it is on the ground and the rotors are still. C. If the helicopter must land on the grade, you should approach it from the uphill side. D. If you must go from one side of the helicopter to the other, the best way is to duck under the body.

A- The main rotor blade of a helicopter is flexible. It can dip as low as 4 feet from the ground. Use extreme caution when approaching a helicopter with the rotors on. If the helicopter must land on a grade, approach from the downhill side. When moving from one side of the helicopter to the other, move around the front of the aircraft-not under it and certainly not behind it.

. When assessing a patient who was exposed to a vesicant agent, you should expect to encounter: A. skin blistering. B. loss of hearing. C. vomiting blood. D. profound bradycardia

A. The primary exposure route of vesicant agents—also called blister agents— is the skin. Vesicants usually cause the most damage to damp or moist areas of the body, such as the armpits, groin, and respiratory tract. Signs of vesicant exposure on the skin include irritation, reddening, and burning; immediate, intense pain; and the formation of large blisters, among others.

Your partner is working a 48-hour shift and has had little sleep. He disagrees with you over how to position the patient and how you should drive to the hospital. You should: A. follow your partner's orders and discuss the call after the patient has been dropped off at the hospital. B. confront your partner about his or her behavior in front of the patient. C. tell your partner he or she does not know that they are talking about. D. ask the patient who he or she thinks is correct.

A.- If the problem causing the conflict does not directly and immediately impact patient care, it is best to wait until after the call to discuss the matter with your partner. It is also important to not have a heated discussion in front of the patient. Rather than contribute to a conflict, take a deep breath and count to 10. Let cooler heads prevail. Finally, do not involve the patient in a conflict; it takes the focus off of patient care.

What type of terrorist group would MOST likely bomb an abortion clinic? A. Single-issue group B. Technology terrorists C. Extremist political group D. Violent religious group

A.- Single-issue terrorist groups, as their name implies, focus on single issues. They include antiabortion groups, animal rights groups, anarchists, racists, or even ecoterrorists, who threaten violence as a means to protect the environment.

Which of the following patients would have the highest treatment priority at the scene of a mass-casualty incident? A. 24-year-old man who is unconscious, has snoring respirations, and severe burns B. 32-year-old woman who is pulseless and apneic with an abdominal evisceration C. 29-year-old woman who is in full cardiac arrest with massive open chest trauma D. 32-year-old man with an open head injury, exposed brain matter, and no carotid pulse

A.-Three of the four patients (B, C, and D) are dead. Triage efforts are aimed at providing the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people. Attempting to resuscitate a patient in traumatic cardiac arrest is futile in almost all cases.

The Department of Homeland Security posts a daily advisory system to keep the public aware of the current terrorist threat level. What does an orange level indicate?

According to the Department ofHomeland Security (DHS) advisory system, the color orange indicates a high risk of terrorist attacks.

What does the mnemonic BE MAGIC stand for?

Advanced airways performing procedure: - B - Perform BVM preoxygenation - E - Evaluate for airway difficulties - M - Manipulate the patient - A - Attempt first-pass intubation - GI - Use a supraGlottic or Intermediate airway if unable to intubate - C - Confirm successful intubation

Biologic agents

Almost undetectable. Disease caused will be similar to other minor illnesses.

What are the four types of radiation rays?

Alpha: least harmful Beta: Slightly more penetrating Gamma: Faster and stronger Neutron: Particles are the most powerful

You are dispatched to a bombing along with 15 other ambulances. Upon arriving at the scene, you should stage your ambulance:

As with any HazMat incident, you should stage your ambulance uphill and upwind from a bombing site. A hazardous chemical may have been released during the bombing; remaining uphill and upwind from the incident site will minimize your risk of exposure.

What is aseptic technique?

Aseptic technique is often used for fast, invasive procedures such as starting an IV line and refers to techniques that help ensure that pathogens are not introduced anywhere in the procedure.

While the EMT is in a vehicle assessing the patient, the rescue team should be?

Assessing exactly how the patient is trapped and determining the safest way to extricate. After the primary assessment and treatment is completed the rescue team can begin to extricate the patient.

At what speed will the ambulance beg in to hydroplane when there is water present on the roadway?

At speeds of 30 mph or greater, the tires can lift off the pavement as water "piles up" under the tires. This takes the control out of the driver's hands. If hydroplaning occurs, you should gradually slow down instead of jamming on the brakes to avoid losing control of the vehicle.