EMT-TEST 5 STUDY GUIDE

Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because:

their bones bend more easily than an adult's

A patient in respiratory arrest at the scene of a mass-casualty incident would typically be classified as a fourth priority (black tag; expectant) patient, unless:

there are enough resources to provide care for him or her

Which of the following statements regarding a "dirty bomb" is correct?

Dirty bombs could injure victims with both radioactive material and the explosive material used to deliver it

__________ rays easily penetrate through the human body and require several inches of lead or concrete to prevent penetration.

Gamma

Which of the following statements regarding the rapid extrication technique is correct?

The rapid extrication technique is indicated if the scene is unsafe and the patient is not entrapped in his or her vehicle

While using lights and siren, most state laws permit an ambulance to:

carefully exceed the posted speed limit

Clouding of the lenses of the eyes is called:

cataracts

The process of removing dirt, dust, blood, or other visible contaminants from a surface or equipment is called:

cleaning

A surgical procedure that creates an opening between the intestine and the surface of the body that allows for elimination of waste products is called a(n):

colostomy

Historically, the weak point at most major incidents has been:

communication

Two thirds of children born with Down syndrome have:

congenital heart disease

The purpose of a jump kit is to:

contain anything that you might need during the first 5 minutes of patient care

An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by:

grunting

A service dog is easily identified by its:

harness

A supervisor who has more than seven people reporting to him or her:

has exceeded an effective span of control and should divide tasks and delegate the supervision of some tasks to another person

Common safety equipment carried on the ambulance includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

hazardous materials gear.(turnout gear,safety goggles,face shields. are carried)

Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia include:

headache and edema

Which of the following agents blocks the body's ability to use oxygen and possesses an odor similar to almonds?

hydrogen cyanide

When arriving at the scene of an overturned tractor-trailer rig, you note that a green cloud is being emitted from the crashed vehicle. The driver is still in the truck; he is conscious but bleeding profusely from the head. After notifying the hazardous materials team, you should:

position the ambulance upwind

General principles for approaching a potential HazMat incident include:

maintaining a safe distance and viewing the scene with binoculars

The FIRST step in the START triage system is to:

move all walking patients to a designated area

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the:

neonatal period

When approaching a helicopter, whether the rotor blades are moving or not, you should:

never duck under the body or the tail boom because the pilot cannot see you in these areas

Immediately upon arriving at the scene of an emergency call involving a traumatic injury, you should notify the dispatcher of your arrival and then:

observe the scene for safety hazards

You respond to a residence for a 9-year-old female with Down syndrome who is sick. When you arrive at the scene and assess the patient, you determine that she is unresponsive and has gurgling respirations. You should:

open her airway with a manual maneuver, suction her oropharynx, and insert a simple airway adjunct

At a very large incident, the __________ section is responsible for managing the tactical operations usually handled by the IC on routine EMS calls.

operations

In order to evaluate hazards present at the scene and determine the number of patients, you should:

perform a 360° walk-around of the scene

To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to:

place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders

When immobilizing a patient with a kyphotic spine to a long backboard, the EMT would MOST likely have to:

place blankets behind the patient's head

A productive cough, fever, and chills in an 80-year-old patient with a compromised immune system should make you MOST suspicious for:

pneumonia

The use of multiple prescription drugs by a single patient, causing the potential for negative effects such as overdosing or drug interaction, is called:

polypharmacy

You and your partner are standing by at the scene of a residential fire when you hear the incident commander state "We have located a victim" over the radio. You should:

remain with the ambulance and wait for fire personnel to bring the victim to you

Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called:

retracting

Signs and symptoms of exposure to a nerve agent include:

salivation, pinpoint pupils, and diarrhea

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), such as Ebola, cause the blood to:

seep out of the blood vessels and tissues

Eclampsia is MOST accurately defined as:

seizures that result from severe hypertension

Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient?

sexual activity

Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse

shins

Situational awareness is MOST accurately defined as:

the ability to recognize any possible issues once you arrive at the scene and act proactively to avoid a negative impact.

Abruptio placenta occurs when:

the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall

Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when

the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava

The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and:

a rash

When assessing an older patient who has multiple bruises in various stages of healing, the EMT should do all of the following, EXCEPT:

accuse a caregiver of physical abuse

The ONLY indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are:

breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord

The suture of the anterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age, and the suture of the posterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age.

18, 6

After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within:

2 seconds

Portable and mounted suction units must be powerful enough to generate a vacuum of at least ____ mm Hg when the tubing is clamped.

300

A portable oxygen cylinder should have a capacity of a minimum of ____ of oxygen.

500

_____________ is defined as the ability to reach the patient.

Access

Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct?

Communication with the patient's caregiver or family members is important because they are the most familiar with the patient's condition

According to the START triage system, what should you do if you encounter an unresponsive patient who is not breathing?

Open the airway and reassess breathing status

You have just delivered a major trauma patient to the hospital. Shortly after departing the hospital, dispatch advises you of another call. The back of the ambulance is contaminated with bloody dressings and is in disarray, and you are in need of airway equipment and numerous other supplies. You should:

advise the dispatcher that you are out of service and to send another unit

Interoperability, an important feature of the NIMS, refers to the ability of:

agencies of different types or from different jurisdictions to communicate with each other

The LEAST harmful form of ionizing radiation is:

alpha

A 73-year-old female experienced a syncopal episode while watching TV. She is now conscious, but is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Your assessment reveals abdominal tenderness and a pulsating mass to the left of her umbilicus. You should be MOST suspicious for:

an aortic aneurysm

Which of the following MOST accurately describes a mass-casualty incident?

an incident that greatly taxes or depletes a system's available resources

A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is MOST accurately defined as:

any agent used to bring about mass death, casualties, or massive infrastructural damage

The components of the PAT are:

appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation

Unlike bacterial agents, viral agents:

are usually not treatable

You are attempting to gain access to a patient who was injured when his truck struck another vehicle from behind. The patient is conscious and alert, but is screaming in pain. You try to open the door, but it is locked. You should:

ask the patient if he can unlock the door

Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining how to protect oneself against the effects of radiation?

body size

Minimum staffing in the patient compartment of a basic life support (BLS) ambulance includes:

at least one EMT

You are assessing a 440-lb man who complains of shortness of breath and lower back pain. The patient is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 148/98 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 120 beats/min. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

avoid placing him in a supine position if possible and administer oxygen

By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's:

belly button

The process of removing or neutralizing and properly disposing of a hazardous material is called:

decontamination

When assessing a geriatric patient who has possibly experienced an acute ischemic stroke, it is MOST important to:

determine the onset of the patient's symptoms

Placenta previa is MOST accurately defined as:

development of the placenta over the cervical opening

A 19-year-old female has just been extricated from her severely damaged car. She is on a long backboard and has been moved to a place of safety. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a rapid assessment. The patient is unconscious, has slow and shallow respirations, and has bilaterally closed femur deformities. You should:

direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance

A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the ventilator is malfunctioning and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should:

disconnect the ventilator and use a bag-mask device

Which of the following is the BEST example of gaining simple access to a patient?

entering a vehicle through an open window

Most cases of anthrax begin with:

flulike symptoms

Placards and labels on a storage container are intended to:

give a general idea of the hazard inside that particular container

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you can see three patients, one who is entrapped in his car and two who have been ejected from their vehicle. You should:

immediately request additional resources

A 33-year-old restrained driver of a motor vehicle crash is awake and alert, complaining only of neck pain. The vehicle is stable and no hazards are present. When removing this patient from his vehicle, you should:

immobilize him with a vest-style device.

A hiker was injured when he fell approximately 20′ from a cliff. When you arrive at the scene, a member of the technical rescue group escorts you to the patient, who is positioned on a steep incline. The MOST appropriate method of immobilizing and moving the patient to the ambulance is to:

immobilize his spine with a long backboard and place him in a basket stretcher

In contrast to simple access, complex access

involves forcible entry into a vehicle

The scene size-up at a motor vehicle crash or other incident:

is an ongoing process until the incident is terminated.

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:

is wrapped around the baby's neck

Maintaining a cushion of safety when operating an ambulance means:

keeping a safe distance between your ambulance and the vehicles in front of you and remaining aware of vehicles potentially hiding in your mirror's blind spots

Upon returning to your station following a run, you should disinfect the ambulance as needed. Disinfection is MOST accurately defined as:

killing pathogenic agents with a chemical made for that purpose

The stooped posture of some older people, which gives them a humpback appearance, is called:

kyphosis

Pregnant women are advised to take iron supplements, such as prenatal vitamins, because:

pregnancy causes a decreased number of red blood cells, which predisposes the mother to anemia

The purpose of a ventricular peritoneum shunt is to:

prevent excess cerebrospinal fluid from accumulating in the brain

A severe risk of terrorist attacks is indicated by the color _____ by the Department of Homeland Security Security Advisory System.

red

In contrast to an automated implanted cardioverter/defibrillator, an internal cardiac pacemaker:

regulates the patient's heart rate if it falls below a preset value

You are en route to an emergency call when you approach a slow-moving vehicle on a two-way road. You can see oncoming traffic in the other lane. The driver has his windows up and does not realize that you are behind him. You should:

remain at a safe distance until it is safe to pass

A persistent or nonvolatile chemical agent can:

remain on a surface for more than 24 hours

When being tailgated by another vehicle while responding to an emergency call, you should:

slow down and allow the driver to pass you

The __________ area is where incoming ambulances meet and await further instructions at the scene of a mass-casualty incident.

staging

While en route to a call for a patient in cardiac arrest, you approach a stopped school bus with its red warning lights flashing. You should:

stop and wait until the warning lights stop flashing

A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called:

stridor

Many older victims of physical abuse may make false statements or lie about the origin of their injuries because:

they fear retribution from the abuser

You receive a call to a residence for an apneic 2-month-old male. When you arrive at the scene, the infant's mother tells you that her son was born prematurely and that his apnea monitor has alarmed 4 times in the past 30 minutes. Your assessment of the infant reveals that he is conscious and active. His skin is pink and dry, and he is breathing at an adequate rate and with adequate tidal depth. His oxygen saturation reads 98% on room air. You should:

transport the infant to the hospital and bring the apnea monitor with you

After assessing your patient, you determine that his condition is stable. You provide the appropriate treatment and then load him into the ambulance. While en route to the hospital, you should:

turn your emergency lights off and obey all traffic laws

The MOST appropriate location to park your ambulance at a HazMat incident is:

upwind at least 100′ from the incident

The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to:

use a length-based resuscitation tape measure

From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery?

uterus

An infant is considered to be premature if it:

weighs less than 5 lb or is born before 36 weeks' gestation