EMT Trauma Exam (Chapters 24-32)
A man involved in a motorcycle crash has multiple abrasions and lacerations. Which of the following injuries has the HIGHEST treatment priority? - widespread abrasions to the back with pinkish ooze - 3" laceration to the forehead with dark red, flowing blood - laceration to the forearm with obvious debris in the wound - 1" laceration to the thigh with spurting, bright red blood
1" laceration to the thigh with spurting, bright red blood
A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover ______ of his BSA. - 18% - 36% - 45% - 27%
18%
A 5-year-old boy was burned when he pulled a barbecue grill over on himself. He has partial- and full-thickness burns to his anterior chest and circumferentially on both arms. What percentage of his body surface area has been burned? - 18% - 27% - 36% - 45%
27%
Which of the following is considered a severe burn? - any full-thickness burn - 20% partial-thickness burn - 10% full-thickness burn with abrasions - 5% full-thickness burn with a fracture
5% full-thickness burn with a fracture
Which of the following sets of vital signs is LEAST indicative of internal bleeding? - BP 140/90 mm Hg, pulse rate 58 beats/min, respirations 8 breaths/min - BP 100/50 mm Hg, pulse rate 120 beats/min, respirations 24 breaths/min - BP 98/60 mm Hg, pulse rate 110 beats/min, respirations 28 breaths/min - BP 102/48 mm Hg, pulse rate 100 beats/min, respirations 22 breaths/min
BP 140/90 mm Hg, pulse rate 58 beats/min, respirations 8 breaths/min
A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should: - transport her to the emergency department - thoroughly flush her ear with sterile saline - remove the peanut with a cotton-tipped swab - use tweezers to try to remove the object
transport her to the emergency department
An unrestrained driver collided with a bridge pillar. Upon inspection of the interior of his vehicle, you note that the lower dashboard is crushed. During your assessment of the patient, you will MOST likely encounter: - trauma to the pelvis - blunt abdominal trauma - a severe closed head injury - penetrating thoracic trauma
trauma to the pelvis
Which effects will the application of an ice pack have on a hematoma? - vasodilation and increased pain - vasodilation and decreased bleeding - vasoconstriction and increased swelling - vasoconstriction and decreased bleeding
vasoconstriction and decreased bleeding
When caring for a patient with signs of a pneumothorax, your MOST immediate concern should be: - hypovolemia - intrathoracic bleeding - ventilatory inadequacy - associated myocardial injury
ventilatory inadequacy
In older patients, the first indicator of non traumatic internal bleeding may be: - weakness or dizziness - a low blood pressure - diaphoresis and pale skin - a heart rate over 120 beats/min
weakness or dizziness
Kinetic energy is a calculation of: - weight and size - weight and speed - mass and weight - speed and force
weight and speed
Your patient is a 21-year-old male who has massive face and head trauma after being assaulted. He is lying supine, is semiconscious, and has blood in his mouth. You should: - insert a nasal airway, assess his respirations, and give 100% oxygen - suction his airway and apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask - manually stabilize his head, log roll him onto his side, and suction his mouth - apply a cervical collar, suction his airway, and begin assisting his ventilations
manually stabilize his head, log roll him onto his side, and suction his mouth
When assessing a stab wound, it is important for the EMT to remember that: - stabbings to an extremity are rarely associated with an exit wound - the majority of the internal trauma will be near the path of the knife - most stabbings are unintentional and cause less severe internal injury - more internal damage may be present than the external wound suggests
more internal damage may be present than the external wound suggests
A 20-year-old man has major open facial injuries after his vehicle struck a tree head-on. Which of the following findings within the car would MOST likely explain his injury pattern? - deployed airbag - bent steering wheel - nonintact windshield -crushed instrument panel
nonintact windshield
While inspecting the interior of a wrecked automobile, you should be MOST suspicious that the driver experienced an abdominal injury if you find: - a deformed steering wheel - that the airbags deployed - a crushed instrument panel - damage to the lower dashboard
a deformed steering wheel
Paradoxical chest movement is typically seen in patients with: - a flail chest - a pneumothorax - isolated rib fractures - a ruptured diaphragm
a flail chest
In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object? - a conscious and alert patient with a fishhook impaled in the eye - a semiconscious patient with an ice pick impaled in the chest - a pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back - an apneic patient with a shard of glass impaled in the abdomen
a pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back
Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: - widening pulse pressure - CSF leakage from the ears - decerebrate posturing - a rapid, thready pulse
a rapid, thready pulse
A flail chest occurs when: - more than three ribs are fractured on the same side of the chest - multiple ribs are fractured on both sides of the thoracic cage - a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage - a segment of fractured ribs bulges during the inhalation phase
a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage
If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: - a tourniquet proximal to the injury - digital pressure to a proximal artery - additional sterile dressings - a splint and elevate the extremity
a tourniquet proximal to the injury
While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should: - recognize that he needs a needle decompression - administer oxygen and transport to the hospital - circumferentially tape a dressing around his chest - immediately perform a rapid head-to-toe exam
administer oxygen and transport to the hospital
The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is: - mandibular immobility - airway compromise - damage to the eyes - cervical spine injury
airway compromise
When caring for a patient with facial trauma, the EMT should be MOST concerned with: - spinal trauma - airway compromise - associated eye injuries - severe external bleeding
airway compromise
Which of the following would MOST likely result from the third collision in the "three collision" effect that occurs during a high-speed, frontal impact motor vehicle crash? - extensive damage to the automobile - flail chest and lower extremity fractures - massive external trauma with severe bleeding - aortic rupture or compression injury to the brain
aortic rupture or compression injury to the brain
When the chest impacts the steering wheel during a motor vehicle crash with rapid deceleration, the resulting injury that kills almost one third of patients, usually within seconds, is: - a hemothorax - aortic shearing - a pneumothorax - a ruptured myocardium
aortic shearing
The MOST appropriate way to dress and bandage an open abdominal wound with a loop of bowel protruding from it is to: - cover the wound with a dry, sterile dressing and apply firm pressure - apply a moist, sterile dressing to the wound and apply firm pressure - apply a moist, sterile dressing to the wound and secure it with an occlusive dressing - carefully replace the protruding bowel into the abdomen and cover the wound
apply a moist, sterile dressing to the wound and secure it with an occlusive dressing
During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should: - carefully straighten the injured arm and secure it with padded board splints - apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse - splint the elbow in the position of deformity and transport immediately - make two or three attempts to restore distal circulation by manipulating the elbow
apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse
A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes: - having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine - placing a rolled 4x4 dressing between his lower lip and gum - packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops - pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward
pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward
A 21-year-old male has a large laceration to his neck. When you assess him, you note that bright red blood is spurting from the left side of his neck. You should immediately: - apply a pressure dressing to his neck - sit the patient up to slow the bleeding - place your gloved hand over the wound - apply 100% oxygen via nonrebreathing mask
place your gloved hand over the wound
A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should: - apply an AED and assess his BP - prepare for immediate transport - determine if he has cardiac problems - apply bulky dressings to the sternum
prepare for immediate transport
A 45-year-old convenience store clerk was shot in the right anterior chest during a robbery. Your assessment reveals that the wound has blood bubbling from it every time the patient breathes. Your MOST immediate action should be to: - prevent air from entering the wound - cover the wound with a bulky dressing - assess the patient's back for an exit wound - transport the patient promptly to the closest trauma center
prevent air from entering the wound
When caring for a chemical burn to the eye, the EMT should: - prevent contamination of the opposite eye - immediately cover the injured eye with a sterile dressing - avoid irrigating the eye, as this may cause further injury - irrigate both eyes simultaneously, even if only one eye is injured
prevent contamination of the opposite eye
Which of the following statements regarding chemical burns is FALSE? - most chemical burns are caused by strong acids or alkalis - fumes of strong chemicals can cause burns to the respiratory tract - prior to removing a dry chemical, flush the area with sterile water - do not attempt to neutralize an acid burn with an alkaline chemical
prior to removing a dry chemical, flush the area with sterile water
Which of the following signs is least indicative of a head injury? - asymmetrical pupils - pupillary constriction to bright light - both eyes moving in opposite directions - inability to look upward when instructed to
pupillary constriction to bright light
A 22-year-old male was attacked by a rival gang and has a large knife impaled in the center of his chest. Your assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should: - carefully remove the knife, control any bleeding, begin CPR, and transport - stabilize the knife in place, provide rescue breathing, and transport at once - remove the knife and control any bleeding, apply the AED, and analyze his rhythm - begin CPR, control any external bleeding, and transport rapidly to a trauma center
carefully remove the knife, control any bleeding, begin CPR, and transport
The brain, a part of the central nervous system (CNS), is divided into the: - cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem - cerebrum, brain stem, and spinal cord - cerebellum, cerebrum, and spinal cord - spinal cord, cerebrum, and cerebral cortex
cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem
Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as: - the removal of adequate amounts of carbon dioxide during exhalation - the intake of adequate amounts of oxygen during the inhalation phase - circulation of blood within an organ with sufficient amounts of oxygen - the production of carbon dioxide, which accumulates at the cellular level
circulation of blood within an organ with sufficient amounts of oxygen
Signs of a cardiac tamponade include all of the following, EXCEPT: - muffled heart tones - a weak, rapid pulse - collapsed jugular veins - narrowing pulse pressure
collapsed jugular veins
A 14-year-old baseball player was hit in the chest with a line drive. He is in cardiac arrest. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? - myocardial contusion - traumatic asphyxia - commotio cordis - hemothorax
commotio cordis
A compression injury that is severe enough to cut off blood flow below the injury is called: - a contusion - a hematoma - a local thrombus - compartment syndrome
compartment syndrome
A 44-year-old man was struck in the back of the head and was reportedly unconscious for approximately 30 seconds. He complains of a severe headache and "seeing stars," and states that he regained his memory shortly before your arrival. His presentation is MOST consistent with a(n): - contusion - concussion - subdural hematoma - intracerebral hemorrhage
concussion
When a person is looking at an object up close, the pupils should: - dilate - constrict - remain the same size - dilate, and then constrict
constrict
The primary reason for applying a sterile dressing to an open injury is to: - prevent contamination - control external bleeding - reduce the risk of infection - minimize any internal bleeding
control external bleeding
A young male was struck in the forearm with a baseball and complains of pain to the area. Slight swelling and ecchymosis are present, but no external bleeding. Which type of injury does this describe? - abrasion - contusion - hematoma - avulsion
contusion
Whiplash injuries are MOST common following _______ impacts - rear-end - rollover - frontal - lateral
rear-end
A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how should you care for his wound? - cover the exposed bowel and keep his legs in a straight position - carefully replace the exposed bowel into the abdomen and transport - irrigate it with sterile water and cover it with a dry dressing - cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing
cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing
During your assessment of a patient who was stabbed, you see an open wound to the left anterior chest. Your MOST immediate action should be to: - position the patient on the affected side - transport immediately - assess the patient for a tension pneumothorax - cover the wound with an occlusive dressing
cover the wound with an occlusive dressing
The presence of subcutaneous emphysema following trauma to the face and throat is MOST suggestive of: - esophageal injury - cervical spine fracture - crushing tracheal injury - carotid artery laceration
crushing tracheal injury
A patient experienced a sever compression to the chest when trapped between a vehicle and a brick wall. You suspect traumatic asphyxia due to the hemorrhage into the sclera of his eyes and which other sign? - flat neck veins - cyanosis in the face and neck - asymmetrical chest movement - irregular heart rate
cyanosis in the face and neck
A young male was involved in a motor vehicle accident and experienced a closed head injury. He has no memory of the events leading up to the accident, but remembers that he was going to a birthday party. What is the correct term to use when documenting his memory loss? - concussion - cerebral contusion - retrograde amnesia - anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is: - slow - rapid - irregular - weak
slow
Drowning is MOST accurately defined as: - death beyond 24 hours after submersion in water - temporary survival after submersion in water - death from suffocation after submersion in water - water in the lungs following submersion in water
death from suffocation after submersion in water
Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured: - spleen - diaphragm - stomach - aorta
diaphragm
The quickest and MOST effective way to control external bleeding from an extremity is: - a pressure bandage - direct pressure - a splint - a tourniquet
direct pressure
Severe abrasion injuries can occur when motorcycle riders are slowed after a collision by road drag. Road drag is most often associated with which type of motorcycle impact? - head-on collision - angular collision - ejection - controlled crash
ejection
Death from a rollover motor vehicle crash is MOST often secondary to: - crushing injuries. - airbag-related trauma. - multiple collisions to the interior of the car. - ejection of the patient from the motor vehicle.
ejection of the patient from the motor vehicle
Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade? - widening pulse pressure - diminished breath sounds - engorged jugular veins - a rapid, irregular pulse
engorged jugular veins
A patient who experiences an immediate loss of consciousness followed by a lucid interval has a(n): - epidural hematoma - subdural hematoma - concussion - contusion
epidural hematoma
The purpose of the Eustachian tube is to: - move in response to sound waves - transmit impulses from the brain to the ear - equalize pressure in the middle ear when external pressure changes - house fluid within the inner chamber of the outer ear and support balance
equalize pressure in the middle ear when external pressure changes
The globe of the eye is also called the: - lens - orbit - retina - eyeball
eyeball
All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, EXCEPT: - trench foot - frostnip - immersion foot - frostbite
frostbite
When a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen, it is known as _________ - crepitus - guarding - distention - instability
guarding
A distraction injury to the cervical spine would MOST likely occur following: - a diving accident - blunt neck trauma - hyperextension of the neck - hanging-type mechanisms
hanging-type mechanisms
You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he: - has a history of eye surgeries - noticed a change during a meal - is allergic to any medications - regularly sees a family physician
has a history of eye surgeries
A 40-year-old man, who was the unrestrained driver of a car that hit a tree at a high rate of speed, struck the steering wheel with his chest. He has a large bruise over the sternum and an irregular pulse rate of 120 beats/min. You should be MOST concerned that he: - has injured his myocardium - has a collapsed lung and severe hypoxia - has extensive bleeding into the pericardial sac - is at extremely high risk for ventricular fibrillation
has injured his myocardium
Signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: - hemoptysis - hematemesis - asymmetrical chest movement - increased pain with breathing
hematemesis
A 70-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. When you arrive, you find him leaning over a basin, which contains an impressive amount of blood. He has a history of coronary artery disease, diabetes, and migraine headaches. His BP is 180/100 and his heart rate is 100 beats/min. Which of the following is the MOST likely contributing factor to his nosebleed? - his blood pressure - his history of diabetes - the face that he is elderly - his heart rate of 100 beats/min
his blood pressure
You should NOT remove an injured football player's helmet if: - a cervical spine injury is suspected, even if the helmet fits loosely - the patient has a patent airway, even if he has breathing difficulty - he has broken teeth, but only if the helmet does not fit snugly in place - his face guard can easily be removed and there is no airway compromise
his face guard can easily be removed and there is no airway compromise
Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, EXCEPT: - headache - nausea - tachycardia - hot, dry skin
hot, dry skin
In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity? - when distal circulation and neurological functions are absent - if a traction splint will be used to immobilize the injured extremity - if transport time to the hospital is greater than 20 to 30 minutes - if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain
if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain
Even when seatbelts are worn properly and the airbags deploy, injury may occur to the: - chest - extremities - iliac crests - lower ribcage
iliac crests
A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should: - apply manual stabilization to both of her femurs - administer oxygen and perform a rapid assessment - stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment - assess for a carotid pulse and assist her ventilations
stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment
Which of the following organs would be the MOST likely to bleed profusely is severely injured? - liver - kidney - stomach - gallbladder
liver
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiovascular system? - heart - lungs - venules - plasma
lungs
A young male experienced severe blunt chest trauma when his passenger car struck another vehicle head-on. During your inspection of the interior of his vehicle, you would MOST likely find: - deployed airbags - steering wheel deformity - starring of the windshield - a crushed instrument panel
steering wheel deformity
Peritonitis would MOST likely result following injury to the: - liver - spleen - kidney - stomach
stomach
Controlling internal bleeding requires: - applying a tourniquet - surgery in a hospital - positioning the patient in the sitting position - providing slow and considerate transport
surgery in a hospital
Patients with chest injuries will often present with ______ - Kussmaul respirations - tachypnea - Cheyne-Stokes respirations - agonal respirations
tachypnea
When caring for a patient with internal bleeding, the EMT must first: - ensure a patent airway - obtain baseline vital signs - control any external bleeding - take appropriate standard precautions
take appropriate standard precautions
A 40-year-old man was standing near a building when it exploded. He has multiple injuries, including a depressed skull fracture, severe burns, and an impaled object in his abdomen. His head injury was MOST likely caused by _________ blast injuries - primary - secondary - tertiary - quaternary
tertiary
Which of the following statements regarding intra-abdominal bleeding is FALSE? - intra-abdominal bleeding often causes abdominal distention - intra-abdominal bleeding is common following blunt force trauma - the absence of pain and tenderness rules out intra-abdominal bleeding - bruising may not occur immediately following blunt abdominal trauma
the absence of pain and tenderness rules out intra-abdominal bleeding
During immobilization of a patient with a possible spinal injury, manual stabilization of the head must be maintained until: - an appropriate size extrication collar has been placed - the patient is fully immobilized on a long backboard - a range of motion test of the neck has been completed - pulse, motor, and sensory functions are found to be intact
the patient is fully immobilized on a long backboard
Which of the following statements regarding eviscerations is correct? - adherent material is preferred when covering an evisceration - the protruding organs should be kept warm and moist - the organs should be replaced carefully to avoid heat loss - most eviscerations occur to the left upper quadrant
the protruding organs should be kept warm and moist
Children are often "belly breathers' because __________: - their diaphragm is not functional - their intercostal muscles are not developed - they are consciously controlling ventilations - they are routinely hypoxic
their intercostal muscles are not developed
A man is found slumped over the steering wheel, unconscious and making snoring sounds, after an automobile accident. His head is turned to the side and his neck is flexed. You should: - gently rotate his head to correct the deformity - carefully hyperextend his neck to open his airway - apply an extrication collar with his head in the position found - manually stabilize his head and move it to a neutral, in-line position
manually stabilize his head and move it to a neutral, in-line position
When caring for a patient with severe epistaxis, the MOST effective way to prevent aspiration of blood is to: - insert a nasopharyngeal airway and lean the patient back - tilt the patient's head forward while he or she is leaning forward - place the patient supine with his or her head in the flexed position - tilt the patient's head forward while he or she is leaning backward
tilt the patient's head forward while he or she is leaning forward
Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by: - cold water temperature - too rapid of a descent - too rapid of an ascent - alcohol consumption
too rapid of an ascent
When performing a full body scan, you should assess for _______- - SAMPLE - AVPU - DCAP-BTLS - OPQRST
DCAP-BTLS
A 39-year-old make was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused and has slurred speech. he has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway you should: - apply ice to the hematoma - palpate his radial pulses - perform a neurologic exam - administer high-flow oxygen
administer high-flow oxygen
You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should: - immediately begin CPR on the unresponsive patient, but cease resuscitation efforts if there is no response after 5 minutes of treatment - assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible - recognize that the patients who are conscious are at high risk for developing cardiac arrest and quickly assess them for potentially life-threatening injuries - focus your initial treatment efforts on the patients who are conscious because the unresponsive patient is likely in irreversible cardiac arrest
assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible
A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should: - assist the patient's ventilations - perform a secondary assessment - apply a nonrebreathing mask - obtain baseline vital signs
assist the patient's ventilations
Which of the following mechanisms of injury would MOST likely cause a crushing injury of the larynx and/or trachea? - attempted suicide by hanging - gunshot would to the lateral neck - car crash involving lateral impact - patient whose head hits the windshield
attempted suicide by hanging
When applying a tourniquet to an amputated arm, the EMT should: - use the narrowest bandage possible - avoid applying the tourniquet over a joint - cover the tourniquet with a sterile bandage - use rope to ensure that the tourniquet is tight
avoid applying the tourniquet over a joint
A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. This mechanism of injury is an example of: - hyperextension - axial loading - distraction - hyperflexion
axial loading
You are assessing a 24-year-old man with a large laceration to the top of his head, you should recall that: - the scalp, unlike other parts of the body, has relatively fewer blood vessels - blood loss from a scalp laceration may contribute to hypovolemic shock in adults - any avulsed portions of the scalp should be carefully cut away to facilitate bandaging - most scalp injuries are superficial and are rarely associated with more severe injuries
blood loss from a scalp laceration may contribute to hypovolemic shock in adults
You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should: - insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM - reassess his vital signs and then notify the receiving hospital of the change in his clinical status - suction his oropharynx to ensure it is clear of secretions and then increase the oxygen flow rate to 15 L/min - perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to determine why his clinical status has changed
insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM
Which of the following breathing patterns is MOST indicative of increased intracranial pressure? - irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea - slow, shallow, occasional gasps that progress to prolonged periods of apnea - increased rate with a normal inspiratory time and a prolonged expiratory time - increased rate and depth with the distinct odor of acetone on the patient's breath
irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea
What purpose does a one-way "flutter valve" serve when used on a patient with an open pneumothorax? - it prevents air escape from within the chest cavity - it allows the release of air trapped in the pleural space - it only prevents air from entering an open chest wound - it allows air to freely move in and out of the chest cavity
it allows the release of air trapped in the pleural space
Which of the following statements regarding the "Adam's apple" is FALSE? - it is inferior to the cricoid cartilage - it is formed by the thyroid cartilage - it is the uppermost part of the larynx - it is more prominent in men than women
it is inferior to the cricoid cartilage
A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain. You should: - keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints - gently straighten her knee and apply a padded board splint - make one attempt to return the patella to its normal position - flex her knee slightly more and assess for distal circulation
keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints
