EN 102 Final Exam

Slippery Slope

Logical fallacy exaggerating the likely consequences of an action, designed to show that a misstep today could result in a disaster in the future. Ex: We can't allow students to bring beverages into the auditorium. If we do, soon they'll start briging in snacks & then full meals. Soon, the place will be filled with trash, rats, & cockroches. Good grief, we'd probably have to condemn the whole building!

Straw Man

Logical fallacy misrepresenting or twisting someone's argument so it's easier to attack & knock down. Ex: An visual ad from Chipotle stating "You cannot live on Ramen Noodles alone". Yes, many college student eat cheap ramen noodles, but no one is arguing that ramen is the ONLY food they should (or want to) eat.

Hasty Generalization

Logical fallacy of an inference drawn from insufficient evidence. Ex: My new Toyota broke down, so all Toyotas must be poorly made.

Bandwagon

Logical fallacy of arguments arguing you to follow the same path that everyone else is taking. Ex: American Eagle ads, Samsung Galaxy ads, Campaign ad "Ready to join US?", "Vote or Die", etc.

Sentimental Appeal

Logical fallacy playing on reader's emotions to distract them from the facts. Ex: ASPCA asks for pet donations while the company's CEO is paid a salary of $566,000.

Appeal to False Authority

Logical fallacy presenting an unqualified person or institution as a source of credible information. Ex: My 6th grade teacher said that girls will fall in love with a guy who knows how to dance. Therefore, if I want to win some heart, I need to learn to dance.

Scare Tactics

Logical fallacy using fear to sway people by exaggerating possible dangers well beyond their statistical liklihood. Ex: Politicians from both parties often claim that their opponent will ruin the quality of life of middle class voters.

Either/ Or

Logical fallacy using unfair oversimplification of an issue by providing only 2 options as a possible solution. Ex: "If you aren't first, you're last."

Ad Hominem

Logical fallacy, in Latin meaning "to the man". Occurs when an oponent attacks a person's character rather than the quality of his/her idea. A specific type of this called "tu quoque," occurs when you accuse your opponent of being a hypocrite instead of addressing his/her point. Ex: Political campaigns frequency use these kinds of attacks on rival candidiates instead of staying focused on the real issues at hand.

APA citation- Web

All authors last name, first initial. (year). Atricle title. Journal title in italics, volume number in italics, page numbers.

APA citation- Web article

Author last name, first initial. (year of posting, month of posting). Atricle title. Magazine title in italics. Retreived from URL for homepage

Gen

Root for "Birth" Ex: Generate= To bring into existence (or in other words, birth). Generation= the average period between the birth of parents and their offspring. Progeny= Offspring or one born of another.

Aud

Root for "Hear". Ex: Audible= loud enough to be heard. Audience= A group of listeners. Audio= of or relating to sound or hearing. Auditorium= literally "place where something is heard,"

Therm

Root for "Heat" Ex: Thermal= relating to or caused by heat or temperature. Thermometer= An instrument for measuring temperature. Thermos= A container you can use to keep things hot. Thermostat= a device that maintains a system at a constant temperature.

Cogn

Root for "Know" Ex: Cognition= the act or process of knowing. Incognito= Literally means "unknown"; when in disguise people don't know who you are. Recognize= to identify as something or someone previously known.

Bio

Root for "Life" Ex: Autobiography= A book written about one's own life. Biology= The science of life. Biography= A book written about a person's life

Spect

Root for "Look" or "See" Ex: Inspect= To look at closely or carefully. Introspection= the act of looking within oneself. Retrospect= to look back upon. Spectacle= anything presented to the sight or view. Spectator= An onlooker.

Fact

Root for "Make" Ex: Artifact= any object made by human beings. Factory= a building with facilities to make goods. Manufacture= the making of goods or wares.

Tact

Root for "Touch" Ex: Contact= the act or state of touching. Intact= untouched. Tactile= Pertaining to the sense of touch.

References

The list of sources at the end of the paper formatted in APA style is called:

False, only do so if the inforamtion is likely to change or you are unsure.

When you access information online, your citation must always include the date you accessed the information, T/F?

Pregnant sabre tooth tiger with the Force.

Which fighter won the final superfight round?

Logos

A Greek word meaning 'a word' or 'reason'. In rhetoric, it is an appeal to logic and reason. It is used to persuade an audience by logical thought, fact and rationality. Can be a useful tool of persuasion because if you can 'prove' an argument through logical and sound reasoning, your audience is more likely to be persuaded.

Ethos

A Greek word meaning 'character'. In terms of persuasive language, it is an appeal to authority and credibility. It's a means of convincing an audience of the reliable character or credibility of the speaker/writer, or the credibility of the argument. This is an important tool of persuasion because if you can get your audience to see you (or your argument) as credible and trustworthy, it will be much easier to persuade them.

Pathos

A Greek word meaning 'suffering' or 'experience', and is used in persuasive speech as an appeal to the emotions of the audience. It's the way of creating a persuasive argument by evoking an emotional response in the audience/reader. You can use this argument when trying to persuade, by appealing to an audience's hopes and dreams, playing on their fears or worries, or appealing to their particular beliefs or ideals.

Eponym

A person after whom a discovery, invention, place, etc., is named or thought to be named. Ex: Oedipus -> Oedipus Complex Nikola Tesla -> Tesla Motors Isaac Newton -> Newton's Laws of Motion

An APA citation

A reference to a published or unpublished source; used to attribute work & ideas to the correct source; shown in parenthesis, in the body of a paper; and shown at the end of a paper in a list of references.

APA citation- Unknown author

Article title. (year, month day). Journal title in italics, volume issue in italics, page(s). or Book title in italics. (year). City of publication, state of publication: Publisher.

APA citation- Database

Author last name, first initial. (year). Article title. Journal title in italics. Volume/issue, page numbers. doi: DOI number

Faulty Causality

Logical fallacy based on the incorrect assumption that because one event or action follows another, the first caused the second. Remember, correlation does not imply causation. Ex: I dyed my hair red last week. This week, 3 other girls showed up to school with freshly dyed red hair. They must have made the change becasue they liked my hair.

True

For the list of references: if a source has more than 7 authors, list the first 6 followed by 3 ellipsis dots & the last author's name. T/F?

True

If you use one paragraph or quote from a book, you should cite the entire book in the Reference list, T/F?

Alphabetically, by the last names of the authors or editors; by the name of the organizaition as the author; by the first word of the title other than A, An, or The

In APA, how is the list of References arranged?

False, it's never okay.

It's okay to take an idea from a book or article & re-write it in your own words without citing it, T/F?

APA citation- Single author

Last name, first initial. (year). Book title in italics. City of publication, state of publication: publisher

Nat

Root for "Born" Ex: Innate= existing in one from birth. Native= belonging to a person by birth. Nature= the characteristics a person is born with.

Pel

Root for "Drive" Ex: Compel= to drive to a course of action. Dispel= to drive off in various directions. Expel= to drive or force out or away. Propel= to drive forward or onward. Repel= to drive or force back (an assailant, invader, etc.)

Ped or Pod

Root for "Foot" Ex: Bipedal= Walking on 2 feet. Pedal= Lever operated with the foot. Pedestrian= A person traveling on foot. Pedicure= Foot treatment. Podiatrist= Foot doctor. Podium= In Zoology, it's an anatomy term that means foot.

San

Root for "Health" Ex: Insane= not having a healthy mind. Sane= having a healthy mind. Sanitarium= an institution for the preservation or recovery of health. Sanitary= providing healthy cleanliness. Sanitation= Application of measures designed to protect public health.

Loc

Root for "Place" Ex: Location= a place of settlement, activity, or residence. Local= pertaining to, characteristic of, or restricted to a particular place. Locomotive= When used as an adjective it means relating to movement from place to place. Dislocate= to put out of place. Relocate= to change one's residence or place of business; move.

Mem

Root for "Recall" Ex: Commemorate= to honor events or people by recalling them to our collective memory. Memorial= something designed to recall the memory of a person. Memorize= to commit to memory to recall later. Memory= A piece of recalled information. Remember= The act of recalling information.

Log

Root for "Word" Ex: Apology= a written or spoken expression of one's regret, remorse, or sorrow. Dialogue= Words exchanged between two or more people. Epilogue= the concluding words of a literary work Eulogy= a speech in praise of a person or thing, especially in honor of a deceased person. Monologue= any long speech by one person. Prologue= the introductory words of a literary work.

Author, date, title, city of publication, & publisher.

The required elements of an APA citation for a book are:

True

The required elements of an APA citation for a journal article from a database are: author, date, article title, journal title, volume/issue, page range, doi or publisher URL. T/F?

True

When citing a direct quotation in the body of your paper, include: the author, year of publication & the page number (if available). & Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parenthesis. T/F?