ENA Spinal trauma
In spinal stabilization of the adult, which action demonstrates correct stabilization technique? A. Keep the patient's nose and umbilicus aligned at all times. B. Place a small padded roll under the shoulders. C. Leave any helmet in place to maintain stabilization. D. Place your thumbs behind the neck and your index and middle fingers under the mandible for in-line stabilization.
A
Loss of movement from the shoulders down results from injury at which level of the spinal cord? A. C1 to C4 B. C5 to T1 C. T2 to T8 D. L1 to L4
A
Which of the following findings would indicate a complete spinal cord lesion? A. Loss of all function below the level of injury B. Sacral sparing C. Great toe flexor function D. Spinal shock
A
Which of the following is a secondary injury to the spinal cord? A. Edema B. Vertebral fracture C. Torn ligaments D. Spinal cord transection
A
Which of the following is the first step performed when initiating spinal protection? A. Leader is positioned at the head of the patient with hands on each side of the patient's head. B. Assess the patient's motor and sensory level by asking the patient to wiggle his or her toes and fingers. C. Assistant applies and secures an appropriately fitting cervical collar. D. Straighten the patient's arms and legs.
A
Which of the following is the most common mechanism for spinal trauma? A. Motor vehicle crash B. Penetrating trauma C. Falls D. Sports injuries
A
Which of the following statements regarding spinal anatomy and physiology is correct? A. The spinal column consists of 33 bony vertebrae. B. The spinal cord extends from the cerebrum to the sacrum. C. The outer core of the spinal cord is composed of gray matter. D. The lateral horn serving the autonomic nervous system consists of white matter.
A
Which of the following statements regarding spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality is accurate? A. It is a common cause of spinal injury in the elderly. B. It is the primary cause of sacral sparing. C. It is best diagnosed with computed tomography (CT). D. It is an injury primarily found in younger children.
D
Which of the following areas of the spinal cord contain tracts that transmit action potentials to and from the brain? A. Posterior (dorsal) horn B. White matter C. Intermediolateral (lateral) horn D. Anterior (ventral) horn
B
Which of the following statements regarding spinal nerves is correct? A. There are 33 pairs of spinal nerves. B. The spinal nerves are responsible for the majority of communication in the body. C. The posterior root transmits motor impulses from the spinal cord out to the periphery. D. The anterior root innervates dermatomes.
B
Which type of shock causes a temporary loss of motor, sensory, and reflex functions below the level of a lesion? A. Obstructive shock B. Spinal shock C. Neurogenic shock D. Distributive shock
B
A patient involved in a high-speed motor vehicle crash sustains neurological damage at the level of T4. Which assessment finding is most likely? A. Loss of sensation from the umbilicus down B. Loss of diaphragm function C. Loss of sensation from the nipple line down D. Loss of the ability to extend and flex the arms
C
For a patient with partial airway obstruction who cannot tolerate the supine position for spinal stabilization, which intervention is appropriate? A. Place a wedge under the backboard to tip it 15 to 20 degrees. B. Lay the patient flat and maintain constant suction. C. Protect the cervical spine in the position the patient uses to protect the airway. D. Align the patient's nose with the shoulder to maintain neutral alignment.
C
Spinal cord damage below which level will result in paraplegia? A. L5 B. C5 C. T1 D. S4
C
When caring for a patient with a spinal cord injury, management of which complication is the priority? A. Increased vasodilation B. Decreased pulse rate C. Decreased pulse oximetry reading D. Increased blood pressure
C
Which of the following injuries is considered to be the most unstable? A. Lumbar compression fracture B. Cervical facet dislocations C. Atlantoaxial joint dislocation D. Lumbar linear fracture
C
Which of the following spinal column injuries is most frequently caused by penetrating trauma? A. Posterior cord syndrome B. Anterior cord syndrome C. Brown-Séquard syndrome D. Central cord syndrome
C
Which of the following statements regarding spinal anatomy and physiology is correct? A. The thoracic vertebrae are the largest and strongest in the vertebral column. B. The lumbar vertebrae are the most mobile part of the spine. C. Ligaments support and stabilize the vertebral column. D. All vertebrae contain a spinous process and vertebral body.
C
Which of the following mechanisms would be involved when a patient jumps from a height and lands on their feet? A. Lateral bend B. Compression C. Overrotation and distraction D. Axial loading
D
Which of the following devices provides the most rigid immobilization for a C1, C2 fracture? A. Rigid cervical collar B. Crutchfield tongs C. Gardner-Wells tongs D. Halo fixation device
D
