Endocrine

what secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla? a. chromaffin cells b. neuroglia cells c. follicle cells d. oxyphil cells

a. chromaffin cells

hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the ______. a. development of T cells b. preparation of the body for childbirth c. regulation of appetite d. release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

a. development of T cells

the anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layer? a. oral ectoderm b. neural ectoderm c. mesoderm d. endoderm

a. oral ectoderm

the function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to ______ a. prepare the breasts for lactation b. nourish the placenta c. regulate the menstrual cycle d. all of the above

a. prepare the breasts for lactation

the secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by _____. a. TSH from the hypothalamus b. TSH from the anterior pituitary c. thyroxine from the anterior pituitary d. thyroglobulin from the thyroid's parafollicular cells

b. TSH from the anterior pituitary

Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by _______. a. abnormally low levels of cortisol b. abnormally high levels of cortisol c. abnormally low levels of aldosterone d. abnormally high levels of aldosterone

b. abnormally high levels of cortisol

a small molecule bonds to a G protein, preventing its activation. what direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP? a. the hormone will not be able to bind to the hormone receptor. b. adenylyl cyclase will not be activated c. excessive quantities of cAMP will be produced d. the phosphorylation cascade will be initiated

b. adenylyl cyclase will not be activated

which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance a. adrenocorticotropic hormone b. antidiuretic hormone c. luteinizing hormone d. all of the above

b. antidiuretic hormone

the walls of the atria produce which hormone? a. cholecystokinin b. atrial natiuretic peptide c. renin d. calcitriol

b. atrial natiuretic peptide

the production of melatonin is inhibited by _____. a. declining levels of light b. exposure to bright light c. the secretion of serotonin d. the activity of pinealocytes

b. exposure to bright light

which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism? a. increased bone deposition b. fractures c. convulsions d. all of the above

b. fractures

which of the following statements about insulin is true? a. insulin acts as a transport protein, carrying glucose across the cell membrane b. insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane c. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glucogen into glucose d. insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream

b. insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane

the hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of _____. a. blood vessels b. nerve axons c. cartilage d. bone

b. nerve axons

chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called _____ a. autocrine b. paracrine c. endocrine d. neuron

b. paracrine

what cells secrete melatonin? a. melanocytes b. pinealocytes c. suprachiasmatic nucleus cells d. retinal cells

b. pinealocytes

a newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of _____ a. melatonin b. thyroid hormone c. growth hormone d. insulin

b. thyroid hormone

how many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 6

c. 2

which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? a. ADH b. oxytocin c. TSH d. cortison

c. TSH

Iodine ions cross from the bloodstream into follicle cells via _____ a. simple diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. osmosis

c. active transport

athletes may take synthetic EPO to boost their _____. a. blood calcium levels b. secretion of growth hormone c. blood oxygen levels d. muscle mass

c. blood oxygen levels

the adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ? a. thyroid b. liver c. kidneys d. hypothalamus

c. kidneys

Endocrine glands _____ a. secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs b. release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft c. secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream d. include sebaceous glands and sweat glands

c. secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream

the gonads produce what class of hormones? a. amine b. peptide c. steroid d. catecholamines

c. steroid hormones

the development of a goiter indicates that _____. a. the anterior pituitary is abnormally enlarged b. there is hypertrophy of the thyroid's follicle cells c. there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles d. the anterior pituitary is secreting excessive GH

c. there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles

which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true? a. it is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx b. the parathyroid glands are embedded within it c. it manufactures three hormones d. all of the above

d. all of the above

if an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected? a. somatostatin b. pancreatic polypeptide c. insulin d. glucagon

d. glucagon

the end result of the RAAS is to _____. a. reduce blood volume b. increase blood glucose c. reduce blood pressure d. increase blood pressure

d. increase blood pressure

the production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone? a. estrogens b. progesterone c. relaxin d. inhibin

d. inhibin

in the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes _______. a. increased tolerance for cold b. decreased basal metabolic rate c. decreased body fat. d. osteoporosis

d. osteoporosis

a student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. what type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive? a. humoral b. hormonal c. neural d. positive feedback

d. positive feedback

which of the following responses is not part of the fight-or-flight response? a. pupil dilation b. increased oxygen supply to the lings c. suppressed digestion d. reduced mental activity

d. reduced mental activity

when blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates ______. a. urinary excretion of calcium by the kidneys b. a reduction in calcium absorption from the intestines c. the activity of osteoblasts d. the activity of osteoclasts

d. the activity of osteoclasts