Endocrine

7. Most hormones are made from ______________________________, which are water soluble, or from ___________________________, which are lipid soluble.

Amino acids, lipids

7. Thyroid hormone is​WATER​LIPID​soluble which allows it to easily pass through the cell membrane and then move to the nucleus where it tells the cell to​INCREASE​DECREASE​MAINTAN​function.

Lipid, increase, decrease and maintain

6. A hormone can only trigger a reaction in specific cells, __________________, that have the right receptors for it.

Target cells

1. The __________________________ is a star of the endocrine system. It is a butterfly shaped gland located anterior to your trachea and inferior to the larynx.

Thyroid

1. There are at least _______________ types of hormones at work in your body right now.

50

9. Diseases like Graves' disease are _____________________________ dysfunctions. In Graves' disease, your body produces abnormal antibody cells that attack the cells of the _______________________ gland. These abnormal anitbodies mimic the hormones that the pituitary gland sends out, so the thyroid doesn't get the message to _______________ working. If your thyroid doesn't stop, it's hard for you to stop.

Auto-immune, thyroid, receptors

6. Your nervous system has its own way of sensing that its cold, but your endocrine system gets involved as soon as your body that the temperature of your _____________________________ has changed. The blood flows past the hypothalamus where temperature sensitive neurons trigger the release of __________ into the bloodstream. It travels to the pituitary, where it triggers the release of thyroid stimulating hormone or ____________. This goes on the thyroid where it triggers the release of hormones into the blood that can then affect _______________ cell in your body.

Blood, TRH, TSH, every

12. If you are woken up to your house, action potentials in your brain trigger your hypothalamus to 1) release ____________. It makes a short trip to the pituitary gland, which releases 2) _________________. This hormone travels through the blood stream to the adrenal glands on top of the ____________________. In the adrenal glands #2 triggers the 3) release of hormones called glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid. Under major stress, these hormones, like _______________________, trigger the fight or flight response. Back in the brain, the hypothalamus senses these freak out hormones and stops secreting __________________, which tells everything else to stop secreting their hormones.

CRH, ACTH, kidneys, cortisol, CRH

2. Some hormones are just there to make other hormones trigger even more hormones. This is referred to by biologists as ____________________________.

Cascades

3. Both your ___________________________ & ________________________ systems are constantly giving out orders to your body and dealing with information.

Endocrine and nervous

8. When a target cell is activated, the hormone alters its activity by either increasing or decreasing some of its functions, usually with the goal of maintaining your body's __________________________________.

Functions/homeostasis

5. A ______________________ is any structure that makes and secretes a hormone. The master of the glands is the ___________________________. It produces many hormones that signals other glands to make hormones.

Gland, pituitary

9. If you have a couple of helpings of strawberry-rhubarb pie (a la mode), your blood glucose level is going to _________________________________. To regulate your blood sugar, your pancreas releases ________ different hormones. If your glucose levels are high, beta cells release _____________________ which decreases the blood sugar by ​INCREASING​DECREASING​the rate at which your cells store the sugar. If you haven't eaten anything and your blood sugar drops, alpha cells send out ___________________________ which helps increase your blood sugar by ​INCREASING​DECREASING​the storage of sugar in your cells and triggering the release of glucose back into the blood.

Go through the roof, insulin and glucagon, increasing the rate, glucagon

3. Marie had _____________________________________, an immune disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones, or hyperthyroidism.

Graves' disease

10. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (__________) axis is a complex series of interactions between _______ glands that ultimately regulates lots of your body's daily processes. It is one of the more crucial instances of your endocrine system coordinating with your nervous system. Specifically, it's behind your ____________________________________ response.

HPA, 3, fight or flight

5. Much of the business of everyday life is carried out, not by the HPA axis, but rather by the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, or ________________ axis. It sets the thyroid gland into motion so it regulate just about everything related to your _________________________________.

HPT, homeostasis

10. The moral of the story is that hormones mean business, and by business he means living, and by living he means ________________________________.

Homeostasis

2. If your body loses its _________________________________ too dramatically, cellular function will stop and you will stop being alive.

Homeostasis

4. Your endocrine system deals with information by sending out ________________________ through your blood.

Hormones

11. The _____________________________ is the hub where the endocrine and nervous system meet.

Hypothalamus

4. Most endocrine pathways start with a stimulus in the hypothalamus or ____________________ glands.

Pituitary

8. Your glands need negative feedback to know when to stop releasing hormones. That's when your hypothalamus and ____________________ glands come in.

Pituitary