Endocrine PREP U
a client has been diagnosed with dysfunction of the anterior pituitary gland. the nurse is aware that which hormones will likely be affected? select all that apply
-ACTH -GH -LH -TSH
a client has developed a tumor of the posterior pituitary gland. the client is at risk for problems with secretions of:
ADH and oxytocin
which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
GH
the nurse is reviewing assessment data and determines which client is at highest risk for developing type 2 diabetes?
a 45 year old obese female with a sedentary lifestyle
a client is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and is exhibiting weight loss, diarrhea, and tachycardia. what does the nurse understand that these clinical manifestations are related to?
a hypermetabolic state
the nurse is assessing a male client and finds abnormally large hands and feet, a bulbous nose, and a broad face with a protruding jaw. based on these findings, which endocrine abnormality is most likely the cause for these physical changes?
acromegaly
the signs and symptoms of abrupt cessation of pharmacologic glucocorticoids closely resemble those of which disease process?
addison disease
which resident of a long-term facility is exhibiting clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?
an 80 year old woman who has uncharacteristically lost her appetite of late and often complains of feeling cold
which individual displays the precursors to acromegaly
an adult with an excess of growth hormone due to an adenoma
the results of a 44 year old obese man's recent diagnostic workup have culminated in a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. which pathophysiologic process underlies the client's new diagnosis?
beta cell exhaustion due to long-standing insulin resistance
the pancreas is an endocrine organ that is composed of the acini and the islets of Langerhans. the islets of Langerhans have alpha, beta, and delta cells as well as the PP cell. which cells secrete insulin?
beta cells
a 15 year old child with type 1 diabetes asks nurse about the potential to "lose sight". which response would be the most appropriate?
explain that many people with diabetes experience some complications like retinopathy, but these are best prevented with tight control of glucose levels.
after having a very stressful day in patho class, the student knows that which hormones (secreted by the adrenal cortex) will help decrease the effects of stress?
cortisol, a glucocorticoid
which disorder is a result of excess cortisol?
cushing syndrome
when caring for the client with hyponatremia secondary to SIADH, which of these alterations does the nurse anticipate?
decreased serum osmolarity
which effect of thyroid hormone deficit alters the function of all major organs in the body?
decreases metabolism
an adult client presents to the emergency department after an episode of syncope. blood pressure is low and the pulse is thready and rapid. the client frequently voids large amounts of pale, clear urine. lung sounds are clear and skin turgor is elastic. which endocrine disorder is the likely cause of these manifestations?
diabetes insipidus
a client who experienced a traumatic head injury reports extreme thirst. the nurse notes that the client is consuming 10 to 15 L of ice water daily and is experiencing polyuria. which does the nurse suspect?
diabetes insipidus (DI)
when the nurse is performing a health history for a client who is being admitted for hyperthyroidism, what symptom does the client report that the nurse would find associated with this disorder?
increase in appetite
a client tells the health care provider that he has been very compliant over the last 2 months in the management of his diabetes. the best diagnostic indicator that would support the client's response would be:
glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1C
a 25 year old female client exhibits exophthalmos of both eyes. the health care provider recognizes this as a manifestation of:
graves disease
an extremely lethargic client arrives by ambulance at the emergency department. his blood glucose level is 32 mg/dL. the nurse will anticipate that this client will be diagnosed with:
hypoglycemia
release and synthesis of anterior pituitary hormones are mainly regulated by which part of the body?
hypothalamus
a client diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone as a result of an inoperable brain tumor. when assessing the lab results for this client, which finding does the nurse anticipate?
increase in urine osmolality
the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes would be confirmed by which principle
insulin is not available for use by the body
the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by:
low serum sodium level of 122 mEq/L
when caring for a client with diabetes insipidus (DI), the nurse plans to evaluate which laboratory study?
measurement of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and plasma/urine osmolality
what is the most common mechanism of hormone control?
negative feedback
what are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus?
polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
a 51 year old woman has been diagnosed with cushing syndrome after a diagnostic workup that reveals cortisol hypersecretion. the nurse knows which assessment finding would be inconsistent with her diagnosis?
poor stress management and hyperpigmentation
which manifestation would a nurse expect when assessing a child with insufficient GH secretion?
rank below 10% on the growth chart
an adult client presents to the emergency department with a pounding headache, heart failure, and pulmonary and peripheral edema. the pulse is bounding, blood pressure is elevated, and the urine is scant and concentrated. which endocrine disorder is the likely cause of these manifestations?
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
a client is managing his type 2 diabetes with exercise and diet. he has a fasting blood sugar level of 80 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. based on these findings, which of the following can the nurse assume?
the client is achieving normal glycemic control
the nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism about the function of the thyroid. which statement about the role of the thyroid gland is most accurate?
the thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate