Endocrine System

The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones?

8

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is

ACTH

The 2 hormones released by the posterior pituitary are

ADH and oxytocin

Too little secretion of cortisol causes

Addison's disease

The target cells of the releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the

Anterior pituitary

Spermatogenesis is directly stimulated by ____________________.

Both FSH and Testosterone

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs the effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

Epinephrine

Which of the following primarily targets the gonads?

FSH

Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are

FSH and LH

___________________ are the general term for the primary reproductive organs and are responsible for the secretion of ____________________ in females.

Gonads; estrogen & progesterone

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of

Hypothyroidism

Thyroid hormone contains the element

Iodine

The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is ___________________.

LH

The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation is females is

LH

________ helps to release testosterone and estrogen; while ______________ helps to produce sperm and mature the egg.

LH; FSH

Cells can respond to ________________ hormone(s) at the same time.

Many

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood.

PTH

The pituitary hormone that increases the metabolic activity in most body cells is

TSH

cells of the suprarenal cortex produce

aldosterone

In response to stress, the concentration of epinephrine ______________________.

and cortisol increases

Cortisol suppresses the release of ACTH from the

anterior lobe of the pituitary.

steroid hormones

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

calcitonin

Peptide hormones are

composed of amino acids

The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces

digestive enzymes

The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) _________________ organ.

endocrine

Steroid hormones exert their action by ____

entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene.

Which of the following is NOT a steroid-based hormone?

epinephrine

The suprarenal medulla produces the hormones

epinephrine and norepinephrine

The ovaries secret ________________ when stimulated by FSH.

estrogen

A rise is the blood levels of FSH at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for ________________

follicle maturation

Cushing's Disease results from an excess of

glucocorticoids

The only hormone to target ALL cells to some degree is

growth hormone (GH)

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered ____________ when released into the bloodstream, but _________________ when released at synapses.

hormones; neurotransmitters

Glucocorticoids, glucagon, and epinephrine are

hyperglycemic hormones

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?

hypothalamus

Releasing hormones (RH) directly cause

increased secretion from the anterior pituitary

The condition known as goiter can result from too

little iodine in the diet

Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus?

moon face

The adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary are both composed of

nervous tissue

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers

ovulation

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is

parathyroid hormone

Melatonin is produced by the

pineal gland

The term used to describe excess production of urine is

polyuria

Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of ______________________.

progesterone

Preparation of the uterine lining for implantation results from stimulation by

progesterone

The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is ________________

progesterone

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary through

the blood of the portal circulation.

The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T-lymphocytes is:

thymosin

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________________.

thymus gland

This gland signals nearly all other body cells.

thyroid

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

thyroid gland

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

thyroxine