Endocrine system, Chapter 16

the metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled directly by

TH- Thyroid hormones

Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they

They act locally, not on distal organs as do true hormones

osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by

an increase in the parathyroid hormone

The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the __________.

anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis).

Steroid hormones influence cellular activities by __

binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex

Somatostatin secreted by the pancreas is considered paracrine because it acts on

cells other than those who secrete it

which of the following hormones does the skin produce? Cholecalciferol Melatonin Erythropoietin Renin

cholecalciferol

A congenital condition that includes mental retardation, short disproportional body size, and a thick tongue and neck is caused by

deficiency of thyroxin

Sympathetic nerve stimuli are responsible for the release of

epinephrine

The chemical classification of hormones does NOT include amino acid-based hormones glucose-containing hormones cholesterol-containing hormones steroid hormones protein-based hormones

glucose-containing hormones

water-soluble hormones exhibit the shortest

half-life

The stimulus for producing insulin is

high blood glucose concentration

Which of the following organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ? Pancreas Adrenal cortex Pituitary Hypothalamus

hypothalamus

Which of the following elements is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone? copper zinc iodine sulfur iron

iodine

Which of the following signals would affect local cells by releasing chemicals into the extracellular fluid? autocrine neural paracrine endocrine

paracrine

Which of the following is the property in which a hormone CANNOT exhibit its full effect without another hormone? assertiveness synergism permissiveness antagonism

permissiveness

iodination of thyroid hormones is mediated by

peroxidase enzymes

Excess growth hormone would cause all of the following EXCEPT_ Giantism in children Acromegally in adults suppression of cancer diabetes

suppression of cancer

insulin enhances the membrane transport of glucose in all of the following tissues EXCEPT__ Adipose tissue The myocardium skeletal muscle the brain

the brain

How do protein kinases affect enzymes?

they add a phosphate group (phosphorylation) to the enzyme.

the binding of a steroid hormone to its receptor would lead to the

transcription of the DNA for the gene that is " turned on" by this event

Pro-opiomelanocrtin (POMC) is a prohormone for

ACTH

Which of the following is NOT synthesized in the pituitary gland? TSH PRL ADH FSH LH

ADH

resistin, an insulin antagonist, is a hormone produced by the

Adipose tissue

The "hormone response element" is located on the cell

DNA

Hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) can occur in all of the following situations EXCEPT__ after general anesthesia damage to the pineal gland ectopic ADH secretion by pulmonary cancer after neurosurgery

Damage to the pineal gland

The secretion of parathyroid hormone is a good example of

Humoral stimuli

Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine organ, but produces hormones in addition to its major function? Thymus Pancreas Kidneys Pituitary

Kidneys

The normal endocrine controls can be directly overridden by the ___ system

Nervous

The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of

Steroid hormones