Engine types

2.5 centimeters

1 inch =

1000 cubic centimeters

1 liter volume =

1 horsepower

550 foot pounds of work per second =

Valve float

At high engine speeds valves open and close so quickly that they sometimes cant close completely. reducing engine power in OHV.

OHC overhead camshaft

Camshaft is located in cylinder head, closer to valves, no pushrods

OHV over head Valve

Camshaft is located in engine block, away from valves needing push rods

In line engine

Cylinders are numbered in order front to back in this type engine

EFI

Electronic fuel injection abbreviation

manufacturers repair manual

Engine specifications and exact repair procedures contained in.

2

English sized bolts have slashes on the head to count for size and add +

Specifications

Exact measurements and characteristics of a particular engine

1,2,3, and so on engine format

Ford and other manufacturers for v-type use this numbering method for cylinders, looking at engine left side is 1,2,3, and so on first and continue until you need right side

even - odd engine format

GM and many manufacturers for v-type use this numbering method for cylinders, looking at engine left side is _ and right side is _

compression Ratio

Ratio of BDC volume to TDC volume is called

DOHC (double overhead camshaft)

Two separate camshafts used one for intake and one for exhaust, both mounted in the same cylinder head.

In-Line, V-TYPE, Horizontally opposed,

Types of cylinder arrangement

90 degrees

V-type engine angle for full size cars and light trucks

60 degrees

V-type engine angle for smaller midsize cars

emission information label

a precise way to look for the identity of a vehicles engine

e-ring

a ring with a shape of the letter E, designed to be installed over the outside diameter of a shaft. prevents relative motion between parts.

flat spiral spring

also called clock spring or motor spring formed from coiled pieces of flat metal, usually enclosed in a case.

foot- pounds

amount of work performed in unit measurements is

turbo boost

an additional system that controls the amount of pressure that's created in the intake manifold

red line

an engine maximum speed is often called

Carburetor

an older component that mixes fuel with the air entering the engine. relies on air pressure and suction effect to mix the fuel.

60 to 90 degrees

angles of typical V-type engine

valve configuration

another characteristic to identify engines is

Valve timing

another way to increase the incoming of air and fuel mixture.

motor mounts

attach engine securely to a vehicle and prevent vibrations from being transferred into the passenger area of the car.

Vehicle identification number (VIN)

best way to learn exact information about a particular engine manufacturers features and engine type by looking at its unique.

engines maximum power output rating

brake horsepower rating is

speed governors

built into the fuel injection pump it gradually shuts off the fuel supply at or near a certain speed, since there is no throttle.

emissions

burned combustion gases allowed to escape into surrounding air

crankshaft

camshaft is driven by the

fluid filled engine stabilizer or fluid dampener

contains a rod and piston that moves inside an oil filled housing, similar to a shock absorber

bolts and nuts

designed to be used together

pre combustion chamber or pre chamber

diesel engine contains a small separate combustion chamber

things that effect engine power

displacement, compression ratio, ignition timing, valve timing, camshaft design, and amount of fuel delivered to engine.

work

distance X force =

feet

distance is measured in

diameter of engine cylinder

distance measured across the cylinder

stroke

distance that piston travels from top to bottom is called

Fuel injection system

due to air and fuel mixture being difficult to control, traditional carburetors have been replaced by this system which has spray nozzles that spray fuel directly into air passing thru the intake manifold.

front wheel drive

engine is mounted sideways sometimes and crankshaft runs side to side, in arrangement

transverse mounted

engine is side ways

RPM (rotations per minute)

engine speed is measured in

mid engine vehicles

engines located in the middle are called

multiple valve engine or multi valve

engines that contain more than two valves per cylinder

bolt

externally threaded fastener used with a nut

locknut

fastener has a special locking feature inside its hole, to prevent rotation and to help a bolted assembly stay together under conditions of vibration.

coarse fastener

fastener recommended for general use, threads are farther apart

threaded fasteners

fasteners that have threads, such as screws, nuts, bolts

fine fasteners

fasteners used for high vibrations and threads are tighter together

pounds

force is measured in

rear wheel drive cars

front to back arrangement

central fuel injection system or throttle-body (TBI)

fuel injection system that use one or two large nozzles are called

port injection systems

fuel injection system that uses separate nozzles for each cylinder are called

methanol

fuel made by wood products

ethanol

fuel made from grains

key seat

groove on the shaft that the key sits in is called

pancake engine, usually mounted in rear

horizontally opposed engine

glow plug

in diesel engines used to add heat to the combustion chamber in cold weather, its a resistive electrical device producing heat when electrical current runs thru it.

tachometer

indicated engine speed to the driver as engine was operated, mostly with manual transmissions

camshaft

is used to open and close engine valves to the proper times in engine cycle

keyway

key extends out of key seat and into a slot in the part called

woodruff key

key is shaped like a half moon. used to connect gears and shafts in a transmission assembly

boost control

limits the amount of boost produced

alternative fuels

liquid propane, alcohol, diesel fuel, and electricity

cotter pins

locking device to secure parts in a position

clevis pin

looks like an unthreaded bolt and has a hole drilled thru its end.

liter

main unit of volume in metric system and slightly larger than a quart

platform code or body code

manufacturers designate a vehicle by a letter rather than model name in the (VIN), two vehicles have same basis chasis and engine, sold under different brand names.

indicated horsepower

mathematically calculated value of horsepower for an engine

rotary engine

mazda produced this engine only a few years

solid type stabilizer

metal rod or bracket that works much like an engine mount, have rubber bushings to help absorb engine vibration

number

metric bolts have what stamped on the head

5:1 and 9:1

most automotive engines have compression ratio between

dynamometer

most common way to measure engine output

Bottom edge of windshield, drivers side

most convenient place on car to find (VIN)

SOHC (single overhead camshaft)

one camshaft in cylinder head to operate all valves

horsepower and torque

one is measured in a strait line direction and the other is measured in a rotary direction.

compression spring

open coiled wire spring that's designed to resist the pressure of weight

firing order

order which the cylinders are ignited is called the

diesel injector

performs all the functions of carburation, fuel ignition timing, and engine speed control.

Turbo lag

period of time between no boost and boost increase the pressure of incoming air.

engine displacement formula

pie (3.14) X diameter squared X stoke length X number of cylinders divided by 4. or .7854 X diameter squared X stroke length X number of cylinders.

washer

round and flat pieces of hardware, to partially cover an oversized hole, provide more bearing surface for nuts, distribute load over a greater area, serve as a locking device for a threaded fastener, to form a seal to serve as a spacer

c-ring

same as an e-ring but without center lug, used for general purposes.

locations of specifications

service manuals, vehicle body markings

round washer

simplest type of washer

fasteners

small pieces of hardware used to connect parts together on a machine

intercooler

small radiator used to cool the air leaving the compressor side of the turbocharger

dowel pins

small, cylinder shaped steel pins used to hold parts together in alignment.

key

special type of fastener that's used to secure gears, pulleys, and other parts to the shaft to prevent slippage as shaft turns.

grade

the strength of a bolt is called

engine configuration

the way which cylinders and valves are arranged in an engine

cap screws

these screws are similar but larger than machine type screws.

machine screws

these screws have flat ends, unlike wood screws. these are pan head, round head, truss head, flat head, fillister head, oval head, hexagonal head, hexagonal head with integral washer.

fuel injector and glow plug

these two objects are installed in the pre chamber

superchargers

this device acts like a fan and doesn't use exhaust to run it, it uses a belt run from the crankshaft.

turbocharger

this device is divided by a compressor side and a turbine side and has four openings and is run by exhaust gases leaving the engine directed into the device, forcing air into the intake manifold.

diesel engine

this engine uses very high compression ratio to produce heat with no ignition system, and no throttle

diesel fuel

this fuel is actually a fuel oil, like the heating oil used in homes

Liquid propane gas

this gas can be very explosive and stored under very high pressure, yet burns very clean

setscrew

this screw holds parts such as sheaves, sprockets, and gears in their proper position. a hexagonal recess extends down into the screw, allowing a hexagonal wrench to loosen or tighten the screw.

ISO (international Standardization organization

threaded fasteners are classified by three dimensions length, thread pitch, diameter by this organization

extension spring

tightly closed coiled spring, that stretches when its ends are pulled

61.02

to convert liters to cubic inches you multiply number of liters by or to convert cubic inches to liters you divide by.

engine stabilizer

to stop the engine from twisting and tilting from side to side on front wheel engines a component is used

Torque

twisting or rotational force that an engine can produce

turbocharger and supercharger

two different pump type devices that use pressure to increase the amount of fuel and air mixture that enter an engines cylinders

unified national coarse (UNC) and unified national course (UNF)

two different thread pitches

ethanol and methanol

two most common alcohol fuels

compressor and turbine

two sections in a turbo charger are

solid type and fluid filled type

two types of engine stabilizers

mechanical fasteners

unthreaded fasteners such as washers, keys, retaining rings, pins, springs.

external retaining ring

used to hold a bearing in position, needs special type of pliers to open

internal retaining ring

used to hold a bearing, seal, or other component inside a hole.

engine cylinders displacement

volume of space that the piston moves from very bottom of cylinder to the path of the very top

lock washer

washer has bent appearance, pushes under head of screw and down onto the part.

internal tooth lock washer

washer provides the greatest amount of locking power

gasoline

which last longer a gallon of gasoline or alcohol

electronic fuel injection systems

with newer technology almost all fuel injection systems are controlled electronically by computerized engine control systems, called.

power

work divided by time =