England in the Golden Age
To save money, Queen Elizabeth I stayed in the houses of ARISTOCRATS, but she traveled with such a large number of people that even they couldn't host her. What's an aristocrat?
This is a person of the upper or noble class whose status is usually inherited.
What did Elizabeth do with the Church of England that her father established?
She incorporated elements of Catholics and Protestants to try to bring them together.
Queen Elizabeth DUBBED Sir Francis Drake "our golden knight" because he stole the Spanish booty from the ships. What does this mean?
She officially made him a knight.
Queen Mary was a Catholic and she wanted to make England Catholic again. So she PERSECUTED the Protestants.
She treated people cruelly and unfairly.
Mary I was Catholic and persecuted Protestants. Elizabeth I was Protestant and what did she want to do to Catholics?
She wanted to end the conflict between Protestants and Catholics.
Why did Elizabeth I travel so much in the summers?
She wanted to escape the hot and dirty city of London because there were no toilets and it was smelly and steamy!
Charles I was not trusted by the English Parliament, and when he asked them for money for the army they responded by having two of his most OFFICIALS arrested. What's an official?
This is a person who carries out a government duty.
Even though the Spanish AMBASSADOR called Sir Francis Drake "the master thief," Queen Elizabeth called him "our golden knight." What's an ambassador?
This is a person who is an official representative of his or her government in another country.
Under the English Bill of Rights, all subjects have the right to PETITION the king. What does this mean?
They can ask the king for something in writing.
During the reign of Charles II, what did Parliament do with Cromwell's army?
They disbanded the army, which means they ended it.
After Cromwell, the English Parliament invited _____ back to England to because they wanted a king again.
They invited Charles II to come back, although he was a fugitive!
The people of Scotland were not happy that the English killed their King Charles I. So they proclaimed ______ as king. He was only a teenager!
They proclaimed Charles' son, CHARLES II, as the king.
William and Mary had a double coronation with LOTS of jewels and 2 crowns! Instead of promising to uphold the laws of their ANCESTORS, they said they would uphold the laws of _________
They promised to uphold the laws of PARLIAMENT, not ancestors, and to uphold the Protestant religion.
Who are the Puritans?
They were Protestants of the Church of England who attempted to get rid of all Catholic influences.
What made the Puritans very powerful during King Charles' time?
They were a part of the English Parliament.
The Church of England became really suspicious of outside groups to the Church of England like Puritans, Quakers, and others. They were called _________ and were persecuted.
They were called Dissenters to the Church of England.
Why did the Immortal 7 want to get rid of James II?
They were worried that James II would turn England into Catholic again. They reached out to William of Orange, who was in Holland.
In the civil war, most of the nobles who had COUNTRY ESTATES were on the King's side. What's a country estate?
This is a large home located on a large piece of land in the countryside. (you have to be rich to have that much land)
Sir Francis Drake attacked Spanish GALLEONS carrying gold and other booty. What is a galleon?
This is a large sailing ship, used as a warship or for trade.
Queen Elizabeth loved to travel and meet people. They put on plays and PAGEANTS in her honor. What's a pageant?
This is a show or play usually based on a legend or history.
Some Dissenters to the Church of England escaped to ______ to avoid Persecution.
they fled to North America (remember the pilgrims?) to avoid persecution by the Church of England.
A Spanish NOBLEMAN described Sir Francis Drake as a great navigator and commander, even though Drake stole all his booty. What is a nobleman?
A person of the upper class; an aristocrat.
Who was the King after Henry VIII?
After Henry died, his son Edward VI became King but was really sick and died at age 15.
King Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church because the pope would not ANNUL his marriage to Catherine. what does this mean?
An official statement that the marriage never existed under law.
Even though Charles I married Henrietta Maria for an alliance, why was this a problem?
Charles I was Protestant and Henrietta was Catholic and it created tension in all of England.
Why was Charles II called "The Merry Monarch?"
Charles II liked to party, gamble, and race horses. He loved the theater. People thought he was super lazy, which is the opposite of a Puritan! (must be making up for all that running he did as a fugitive earlier).
In 1650, after Charles I was executed, Charles II led a Scottish army against Cromwell. Who won and what happened after that?
Cromwell won, of course! But after that Charles II was on the run from the English who wanted to hunt him down and kill him.
Under Charles II, ________ could appear on the stage as actors.
For the first time England could have WOMEN on the stage as actors. Before that men played all the parts, including women parts!
On his deathbed, Charles II CONVERTED to ______, which he couldn't do while he was king because he'd lose his throne.
He changed to a Catholic. He wanted everyone to practice any religion they wanted but the Parliament was too powerful.
Oliver Cromwell called his style of ruling England "Sword Rule." What does this mean?
He made the army really strong and they practically controlled the government. The people of England did not like it.
Who did Charles I marry and why was that a problem for the English government?
He married Princes Henrietta from France, and it was a problem because she was really Catholic. The Protestants did not like her and it caused tensions in England.
James I believed in the DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS and wanted to keep the Protestants and Catholics together. What is the divine right of kings?
He thought that kings and queens have a God-given right to rule and that rebellion against them is a sin.
Charles II was a FUGITIVE after he lost to Cromwell. What does this mean?
He was running from authorities and hiding to avoid capture.
Who was James I?
He was the king after Elizabeth I, and the son of Mary Queen of Scots (whom she had executed a while ago)
Why was Elizabeth I in danger when she was little?
Her mom was the second wife of Henry VIII (Ann Bolyn) and he had her executed! Mary hated Elizabeth, so she put Elizabeth in prison for two months. Elizabeth didn't know if she would die like her mom.
Who became King after James I?
His son Charles I became King.
When Cromwell died in 1658, ____ took over but he wasn't as strong of a leader. England wanted to go back to having a king again!
His son Richard took over but he wasn't a strong leader.
What is Jamestown and where was it?
It is the name of the colony that English colonists named in Virginia in North America, named after James I.
Elizabeth couldn't decide whether or not she wanted to execute her cousin Mary Queen of Scots. She put Mary in CUSTODY for 10 years before the execution. What is custody?
It means she was in prison or protective care (hostage).
Charles II understood the need for support from the Parliament, so he supported the Parliament's decision to reestablish the Church of England because they made a COMPROMISE. What did this mean?
It meant that both the Catholics and the Puritans gave up some of their demands to reach an agreement. The Catholics compromised some of the dangers of rituals, and the Puritans let up on some of their strictness.
During King Charles II's rule, the BUBONIC PLAGUE killed many people in England in 1665. What is this disease?
It's a deadly disease spread by fleas and infected rodents.
Who came into power after Queen Elizabeth and what was the background of this person?
James I became the King. He was the son of Mary Queen of Scots (Bloody Mary) from Scotland.
Why is it called the King James Bible?
James I ordered a new translation of the Bible to try and bring the Protestants and Catholics together.
Who became king after Charles II died?
James II became king after Charles II, He was Catholic.
Why did Mary Queen of Scots think that she should be queen instead of Elizabeth?
Mary did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate daughter of King Henry VIII because she didn't accept his annulment to Catherine.
During Elizabeth's rule, there was great literature. Who is the most famous writer and playwright to come out of this time?
Shakespeare wrote very famous plays and poems for the queen.
Why was Elizabeth's rule called the "Elizabethan Age" or "Golden Age?"
She brought Protestants and Catholics together, she earned the loyalty of her people, and turned England from weak to strong.
Why was Queen Mary called Bloody Mary?
She hated Protestants because she was Catholic so she killed so many Protestants.
What's the difference between American Bill of Rights and the English Bill of Rights?
The American one lists and protects rights of individual CITIZENS (people); the English one lists basic rights of PARLIAMENT.
In the civil war, what was the difference between a Cavalier and a Roundhead?
The Cavaliers were on the King's side and were rich noblemen on country estates, and the Roundheads lived in large towns and were on the Parliament's side.
Another big event that happened during Charles II's rule besides the bubonic plague was _____.
The Fire of London was a huge fire that burned for four days and destroyed houses and churches.
The Puritans were in England ; The Presbyterians were in _____. They were Protestants who were suspicious of Charles I.
The Presbyterians were Protestants in Scotland, where Charles I is from
What is the difference between Queen Mary I and Mary Queen of Scots?
The person who was Elizabeth's sister and killed a lot of Protestants is Mary I, and the person who was Elizabeth's cousin plotting against Elizabeth is Mary Queen of Scots.
Why was it called the "Glorious Revolution?"
There was a peaceful transfer of power instead of blood and killing. Also, Parliament chooses the ruler, not the birth right.
The English heard about a secret attack from Spain, so they put pans of RESIN on top of hills and set them on fire to signal to the land that the attack was happening. What is resin?
This is a sticky substance that comes from trees and can be lit on fire.
Charles I went to war against the Parliament, creating a CIVIL WAR. What is a civil war?
This is a war between people who live in the same country.
Charles I married Henrietta Maria of France to form an ALLIANCE between England and France. What is an alliance?
This is an agreement between nations in which they work together toward a common goal or fight on the same side in a war.
Under the English Bill of Rights, People should not have to pay excessive BAIL, nor should they be given cruel or unusual punishments. What is bail?
This is money posted to free a prisoner until his or her trial begins.
Before her CORONATION, Queen Elizabeth had time to plan out England's future and planned to earn the trust and support of the English people. She was really ready to go after her CORONATION. What is a coronation?
This is the ceremony or act of crowning a ruler.
Even though the English had fewer men and smaller ships, they knew the CURRENTS of the waters and knew how to navigate their ships faster. What is a current?
This is the ongoing movement of water within a larger body of water, such as in a river or ocean.
The return Charles II was called the RESTORATION. What does this mean?
This is what the reestablishment of the monarchy (after Cromwell) was called.
Queen Elizabeth was a Protestant, but she respected a lot of the Catholic RITUALS. What does this mean?
This means an act or series of actions done in the same way in a certain situation, such as a religious ceremony or like when you brush your teeth and get dressed every morning.
At first, the ENGLISH PARLIAMENT didn't think that Elizabeth was strong enough to rule the country, so they wanted her to marry someone. What is the ENGLISH PARLIAMENT?
This was the original law-making branch of the English government that is made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
English Bill of Rights (1689) was passed by Parliament to limit the power of the _______ and gives important powers to ________.
Under William and Mary, Parliament decided to limit the power of the MONARCHY (kings and queens) and give more power to PARLIAMENT.