English 101- Essay methods

What are three ways to organize your opposing arguments?

1. At the beginning of your body paragraphs, just after the introduction 2. End of body paragraphs 3. You can use the body paragraphs as the framework for the essay.

What are two things your conclusion should not do?

1. Bring up new support points 2. Should not be a simple summary

What are two ways to use ethos?

1. Citing clear evidence such as accurate facts, statistics, and expert opinion 2. Explaining arguments in opposition to your thesis in a clear, concise manner and refuting them will also show that you understand the issue fully.

What are six prewriting activities that can help you explore your subject?

1. Listing 2. Clustering 3. Asking questions 4. Annotating texts 5. Free writing 6. Talking and listening

What should a thesis statement consist of?

1. Should be narrow enough to cover in an essay and should always express an opinion. 2. In an argument paper it should be controversial enough for someone to disagree with. 3. It should be placed at the end of the introduction 4. It is the guiding light for your essay. It is the main point of your essay.

What are three ways you can make a good introduction?

1. You can map your essay by stating the main points 2. You can use an anecdote or starling statistic to pique a readers interest. 3. You could give background information to make your thesis more understandable

When writing your argumentative essay your should view your audience as ?

A group of jurors. You need to convince your reader that your thesis is true.

Complex sentence

A sentence in which a subordinate clause comes first and refers directly to the paragraph above

Works cited should be in __________ order

Alphabetical order

Argument Essay

An argument essay is similar to a persuasive essay but in addition to providing reasons for the reader to agree with your thesis, you must mention and refute (counter or shoot down) opposing arguments. By doing this, the reader knows you understand all sides of the issue and can refute the opposition.

What should be cited on your works cited page?

Any quote, paraphrase, or summary cited in the text of your paper needs to be listed on your works-cited page.

What is another good method for connecting paragraphs?

Begin a paragraph with a complex sentence

Where are topic sentences more commonly placed?

Beginning of a paragraph

Early in the writing process, rough outlines have _______ over formal outlines?

Certain advantages

What do you do to avoid plargiarism?

Cite all of your material.

What transtitions do you use if your paragraphs are arranged by item not time?

Connect items with conjunctive adverbs such as however, moreover, nevertheless, and additionally. Also can use coordinating conjunctions like and, but, yet, so.

In an argumentative essay your thesis should be?

Controversial. You should be able to find people who disagree with you. It must be a statement of opinion.

What happens to sentences that do not support the topic sentence or topic idea of a paragraph?

Destroys the unity of a paragraph

A short paragraph is all right if it functions as a transition (usually only needed in long papers); however, a series of brief paragraphs suggest inadequate ________

Development

What should you not put in parenthetical citations?

Do not put web addresses in the parenthetical citations

Your body paragraphs should provide _______ for your thesis statement?

Evidence

What is the most important evidence of the four to have in your paper?

Examples. With out them your paper would be too abstract

Opposing arguments should be?

Explained and refutued

When Alphabetize by author's name or article's title, you should ignore?

Ignore A, An, and The.

In a introduction its important to avoid?

Introducing your topic in an oblivious manner

What are the three famous persuasive appeals of Aristotle?

Logos, pathos, ethos.

Avoid the use of _______

Long quotations.

How should you never begin a paragraph?

Never begin a paragraph with a direct quote

What should you not do in a works cited?

Number the entries

What should be included in your works cited?

Only the works actually cited (referenced, referred to, mentioned) in your paper should appear on your works-cited list.

A well developed supporting _______ has a focused topic sentence or topic idea that supports the essays thesis.

Paragraph

Plargiarism

Passing others ideas or language off as your own.

Titles of articles should be?

Put in quotation marks

You should always ________ the opposing argument right after you mention and explain it?

Refute

What is the process called of looking again at your ideas to make them clearer and easier to understand?

Revision

What helps integrate quotes and paraphrases and avoid dropped quotations?

Signal phrases

Transitional words and phrases

Sometimes can be effective. Always make the new paragraph do the transitional work. End your paragraphs with concluding statements, not transitions.

What is a good thing to do in your conclusion?

Speculate on the future

The first line of entry in each citation should be

The first line of each entry should be flush with the left-hand margin. Subsequent lines of each entry should be indented five spaces.

Alliteration

The repetition of similar or the same consonant sounds, like Ds and Ts

Assonance

The similarity of similar vowel sounds

What are two things a topic sentence should do?

The topic sentence or idea should have a clear focus and should serve to support the thesis of your paper

Your introduction should lead into and ends with your __________?

Thesis statement

What do you use quotes, phrases, and summaries for?

To back up what you say, but not to say it for you.

A __________ is to a paragraph what a thesis statement is to a essay.

Topic Sentence

Every paragraph should have?

Topic idea that holds the paragraph together

Body paragraphs use what in addition to repetition for coherence?

Transitions

True or false. Everything in the outline should support the thesis either directly or indirectly?

True

Periodical and book titles should be

Underline or italicize periodical (magazines, journals and newspapers) and book titles. Stay consistent in your choice

When should you use in-text citations?

Use in-text citations when you quote directly, paraphrase, or summarize a source

What transitions do you use if your paragraphs are arranged in chronological order?

Use words like "next" and "then"

When you begin discussing a new support point in your essay, you should do what?

You should begin a new paragraph in order to keep your paragraphs unified.

If the source was an online article in html (not PDF) or a short work from a website, you do not use what in an incite text?

a page number, but you can include a paragraph number if you wish. You will need a comma after the author's name, and the abbreviation par. before the paragraph number.

Pathos

an appeal to the readers' emotions. If you can get your readers to care about your thesis on an emotional level, your argument will be more effective.

In a ___________, you may include a detail, example, or image from the introduction to frame your essay, but do not repeat long phrases or sentences word for word.

conclusion

The repitition of key words is a good method for?

connecting paragraphs

What are types of evidence to use in your paragraph to support your thesis?

facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinion

How do you introduce opposing arguments in an argumentative essay?

introduce opposing arguments extremely carefully, making it clear the moment you mention them that they are not your views and would never be your views. You can say "Some people feel that..." or "Critics of this proposal contend...."

Logos

logical reasoning. It means that you should use sound reasons, explained in a logical order, to support your thesis, to try to persuade your readers to believe your thesis.

If the source was a book or an article (hard copy or PDF) with an author given you incite text by?

put the author's last name and page number in parentheses. Do not use p. or a comma. After the closing parenthesis, put a period. Do not use a period before the parentheses.

Ethos

the appeal to authority. If the readers feel that you are well informed about the issue you are discussing, they will be far more likely to agree with your thesis than if they sense that you are ill-informed or misinformed.

The parenthetical citation should contain:

the first word of the entry as it appears on the works-cited page unless that was already mentioned in a signal phrase (a phrase that introduces the quote). In that case, you need to include only the page number in parentheses.

If the source is an article or with no author listed, you incite text by?

use the first word or first words of the title of the article.

Paraphrasing is smoother than quoting directly because?

when you quote directly, the voice is changed from yours to that of the author you are quoting.

The first word of a works-cited page entry for a book or article with an author should be?

will be the author's last name.

The first word of an article with no author will be?

will be the first word of the article's title.

If you want to list other research that helped you understand your topic, you do that where?

you can do that in a bibliography. A bibliography will include items mentioned in your paper and items not mentioned in your paper. It will come after that works-cited page.