English 11A (Workbook 16.1-19.1) and (Checkpoint 16-19) ALL UNIT FOUR

Which passage from "A Defense of the Constitution" uses analogy?

... if ever this maxim was fully demonstrated and exemplified among men, it was in the late American Revolution, where thirteen governments were taken down from the foundation, and new ones elected wholly by the people, as an architect would pull down an old building and erect a new one.

n "Declaration of Conscience," Margaret Chase Smith develops a claim that if the American nation is to prosper, serious changes need to be made to the policies and actions of the government. In which passages does Smith best develop this claim? Select all that apply.

As an American, I don't want a Democratic Administration "whitewash" or "cover-up" any more than I want a Republican smear or witch hunt. The American people are sick and tired of seeing innocent people smeared and guilty people whitewashed. Freedom of speech is not what it used to be in America. It has been so abused by some that it is not exercised by others.

First, read this sentence. The restaurant reviewer noted, "Zuzu's French Place has a solid menu, and the chef doesn't stint on the pricey ingredients." Now, read this dictionary entry. stint(n) 1. an allotted period of work 2. limitation of supply or effort(v) 3. to supply an inadequate amount 4. to restrict an amount of money Which definition of stint is used in the sentence about Zuzu's French Place?

definition 3

Read this passage from "Let's Give Up on the Constitution." As the nation teeters at the edge of fiscal chaos, observers are reaching the conclusion that the American system of government is broken. But almost no one blames the culprit: our insistence on obedience to the Constitution, with all its archaic, idiosyncratic and downright evil provisions. What rhetorical device does the author use to convey to the audience why the American system of government is broken?

irony

Read this paragraph from Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. The school officials in this case did not deviate from their policy that the newspaper's production was to be part of the educational curriculum ... under the journalism teacher's control as to almost every aspect of publication... Which sentence most accurately describes the premise of the argument stated in the paragraph?

Because school officials are accountable for protecting students and their education, they have full control over the newspaper's publication.

Read this passage from "What Will It Take To Make Gender Equality the Norm, Not the Exception?" But, as with every choice, there is always a tradeoff. And if we spend fifty hours a week in a demanding job, that's 50+ hours we aren't spending somewhere else..... How does faulty reasoning in this passage detract from the author's argument that women deserve equal opportunities as those that men receive?

By suggesting that women are limited because they have more responsibilities than men and by criticizing men's freedom, the author undermines her argument that women are strong and capable of performing any job duties.

Read the following sentence from "A Defense of the Constitution," which contains the rhetorical device of parallel structure. ... they can never act, consult, or reason together, because they cannot march five hundred miles, nor spare the time, nor find a space to meet ... How does the author's use of the repetition of the word they and the never/nor construction affect the sentence's meaning?

By utilizing similar word patterns, Adams employs rhythm and balance to give clarity to his ideas and to concisely express them.

Read this sentence from Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. First Amendment rights of students in the public schools are not automatically coextensive with the rights of adults in other settings, and must be applied in light of the special characteristics of the school environment. What is a key point in this sentence?

First Amendment rights of adults do not always extend to students in public schools.

Professor John Morton plans to relinquish his position as department chair. What does this mean?

He is giving up his position.

Read this passage from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have A Dream" speech. But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation.... Dr. King appeals to his audience's sense of pathos in this passage. What are the intended effects of this appeal? Select all that apply.

He wants to invoke a sense of unity and to inspire his audience to act. He wants the audience to feel hopeful that justice will be coming soon.

What is a key point made in "Declaration of Conscience"?

It is time for the US government to sensibly execute its policies and laws to benefit the nation.

Read this dictionary entry. sojourn (sō-jǝrn) n. a period of time when one stays in a place as a traveler or guest; a temporary stay. v.i. to stay as a temporary resident [Middle English sojorn, from Old French sojourner, meaning "stay or dwell for a time," based on Latin sub-, "under, until," + diurnare, "to last long," from Late Latin diurnum, "day"] Based on the dictionary entry, from which language does the word sojourn originate?

Latin

Read this argument from Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier regarding legal rights to exercise control over school-sponsored activities. The standard for determining when a school may punish student expression that happens to occur on school premises.... What is the premise of the argument stated in the paragraph: that the school has legal rights of control over the newspaper?

School officials were not acting to punish students, they were instead acting on sound educational decisions over which they had justifiable control.

Read this passage from "For the Equal Rights Amendment." The amendment is necessary to clarify countless ambiguities and inconsistencies in our legal system. For instance, the Constitution guarantees due process of law, in the fifth and 14th amendments. But the applicability of due process to sex distinctions is not clear.... What rhetorical appeal does Shirley Chisholm use in this paragraph?

She appeals to the audience's sense of pathos to encourage them to feel enough anger to take action due to the many injustices women face.

Read the passage from "Declaration of Conscience." I think that it is high time that we remembered that we have sworn to uphold and defend the Constitution. I think that it is high time that we remembered that the Constitution, as amended, speaks not only of the freedom of speech but also of trial by jury instead of trial by accusation..... Which option best describes a theme in the passage?

The Constitution was written to uphold the nation's rights and laws, and to protect the American people.

Read the passage from "Declaration of Conscience." I think that it is high time for the United States Senate and its members to do some soul-searching—for us to weigh our consciences—on the manner in which we are performing our duty to the people of America—on the manner in which we are using or abusing our individual powers and privileges. Which option best states the main claim of the passage?

The US Senate is failing to properly fulfill its responsibilities to the American people.

Read this passage from "Let's Give Up on the Constitution." Imagine that after careful study a government official ... reaches a considered judgment that a particular course of action is best for the country. Suddenly, someone bursts into the room with new information:.... How does this anecdote support the author's argument in the article?

The anecdote helps develop the author's point that we take no action on issues and argue instead about what our forefathers would have done.

What is an appeal to pathos?

The author attempts to connect with or to persuade the audience by using universally held emotions, beliefs, or experiences.

Read this passage from "What Will It Take To Make Gender Equality the Norm, Not the Exception?" As Debora Spar, President of Barnard College and host of the annual Global Women's Leadership Symposium, shared with me, "We need to reframe the question from 'Can women have it all? ' to 'How can we support women in being more successful at whatever choice they decide to make?'" What rhetorical appeal does the author use in this passage?

The author uses ethos to establish her credibility and to gain trust by providing important information from a legitimate source.

Read this passage from "Let's Give Up on the Constitution." What has preserved our political stability is not a poetic piece of parchment, but entrenched institutions and habits of thought and, most important, the sense that we are one nation and must work out our differences.... How does the author use a metaphor for rhetorical effect in this passage?

The author uses metaphor to suggest that strict adherence to the Constitution has forced us to follow rules and laws that are outdated and have prevented us from interpreting laws as they apply in today's world.

Which passages from "Declaration of Conscience" best support the author's claim that the nation is riddled with "fear and frustration"? Select all that apply.

The exercise of these rights should not cost one single American citizen his reputation or his right to a livelihood nor should he be in danger of losing his reputation or livelihood merely because he happens to know someone who holds unpopular beliefs. Who of us doesn't? Otherwise none of us could call our souls our own. The American people are sick and tired of being afraid to speak their minds lest they be politically smeared as "Communists" or "Fascists" by their opponents. Freedom of speech is not what it used to be in America. It has been so abused by some that it is not exercised by others.

Which sentences use the word deviate correctly? Select all that apply. Responses

The governor declared that he would not deviate from his course of continued tax cuts. The airline pilot had to deviate from the planned course to avoid an area of thunderstorms.

Read the following question posed by the author in "What Will It Take To Make Gender Equality the Norm, Not the Exception?" What will it take to truly liberate women and create a world where gender equality is the norm, not the exception? How does the author's use of this rhetoric affect the audience?

The question appeals to the audience's sense of pathos by inspiring them to take action on the problem of gender equality.

Read the sentence. The large pig could barely fit into its pen. Read the thesaurus entry for large. large big, bulky, enormous, generous, gigantic, hefty, outsize, substantial, voluminous Which of these synonyms for large would help the writer create a more precise description in the sentence? Select all that apply.

gigantic enormous

Read this passage from Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. In sum, we cannot reject as unreasonable Principal Reynolds' conclusion that neither the pregnancy article nor the divorce article was suitable for publication in Spectrum... How is legal reasoning used to justify the ruling in Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier?

The ruling determined that the school officials were protecting all individuals involved in the publication; thus, they did not violate the defendants' First Amendment rights.

What legal precedent did the court case Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier establish?

Unless a school is designated as a public forum for student expression, First Amendment protection is reduced.

Read this sentence from Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. The question whether the First Amendment requires a school to tolerate particular student speech is different from the question whether the First Amendment requires a school affirmatively to promote particular student speech. What is a key point in this sentence?

Various factors can affect the way that First Amendment rights are interpreted.

Which source would be most helpful for a student who is revising an essay's word choice so that it is more precise?

a thesaurus

Which is the most accurate definition for retaliation?

an act of getting revenge

What is a premise?

an idea or theory that is accepted as truth and that is used as the basis of an argument

Read this sentence from a news report. The complaint filed with the courts alleges that the new city regulations unfairly penalize businesses with older signs. Which word is a synonym for alleges as it is used in this sentence?

claims

Read this sentence. Among the celestial events that will occur this year are a partial solar eclipse and a major meteor shower. What does celestial mean in this sentence?

relating to the skies

Which answer best describes the rhetorical device parallel structure?

repeating the same or similar grammatical structures in successive sentences, clauses, or phrases

Read the passage from "Declaration of Conscience." Today our country is being psychologically divided by the confusion and the suspicions that are bred in the United States Senate to spread like cancerous tentacles of "know nothing, suspect everything" attitudes. What rhetorical feature is featured in this passage?

simile

What is anaphora?

the purposeful repetition of the same word or words in the same manner in successive sentences, clauses, or phrases

What are the purposes of Margaret Chase Smith's speech "Declaration of Conscience"? Select all that apply.

to call attention to the ineffective leadership policies of the US government and its branches to declare that the American people need to renew their strength and belief in the nation

Read this passage from "Let's Give Up on the Constitution." Why should anyone care? Why should a lame-duck House, 27 members of which were defeated for re-election, have a stranglehold on our economy? Why does a grotesquely malapportioned Senate get to decide the nation's fate? What is the intended effect of these rhetorical questions on the audience?

to compel the audience to think about how unfair it is that a very small, underqualified group has the power to make national decisions

Read this passage from Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. Although the Statement of Policy published in the September 14, 1982, issue of Spectrum declared that "Spectrum, as a student-press publication, accepts all rights implied by the First Amendment," this statement, understood in the context of the paper's role in the school's curriculum, suggests at most that the administration will not interfere with the students'.... What is the purpose of the passage?

to convey that the administration stated its expectation of maintaining some control over student publications

Read this question from "A Defense of the Constitution." Are there no robberies, burglaries, murders, adulteries, thefts, nor cheats? This is John Adams's response to the assertion that "the people never think of usurping over other men's rights." Why does Adams ask this rhetorical question?

to emphasize that humans have demonstrated they will violate the rights of others in many ways, so the principles of the Constitution are necessary to maintain order

What is the purpose of a glossary?

to provide definitions for key terms in a specific text

Read the passage. Nowadays, many people are eating at fast food restaurants more than once per week. Research has shown a positive correlation between the amount of fast food eaten and the level of obesity. More fast food consumption inevitably leads to a higher risk of obesity and obesity-related health problems. The argument is that consuming unhealthy foods causes obesity. Which premise best creates a basis for this argument?

Eating fast food is unhealthy.