English 2 PRE- AP Final review look at description too

How long was Mr. Manette gone? Why was he gone so long?

He was gone for four days. He had gone to the prison to plead for Darnay's life. he told them that they should try him at the tribunal before they execute him. Manette now works as a physician in three prisons including La Force, allowing him to see Darnay.

What is the Doctor's response to the combination of this information and the giving of his daughter in marriage?

He was horror stricken and deadly pale. He was so much so that he had another relapse of making shoes for 9 days like he was back in his prison. Making shoes not himself

What was the fate of the Marquis killer and who reported the fate of to Defarge?

He was hung above poisoned water and the mender of roads told defarge

How is it proven that Darnay is not a sympathizer of the British?

He was tried for treason

What are the Doctor's feelings about Lucie's impending marriage?

He was very happy and hoped for the best in the marriage. He hopes that she can live up to the expectations he dreamed her having .

What reasons does Jerry Cruncher give to convince Mr. Lorry that it would not be fair of him to fire Jerry from his Tellson's job just because he is a grave robber?

Lorry has known Jerry for a long time; there are probably doctors who bank with Tellson's that pay Jerry for the corpses he steals and if Lorry is going to disapprove of Jerry grave robbing, he should have a problem with the doctors who pay Jerry to do it.

Do Lorry and Carton hold out any hope for Darnay?

Lorry has little hope were Lorry misinterprets Carton's double meanings in the conversation. Carton is actually talking about how he won't live because he is going to sacrifice himself for Darnay.

What is mr defarge depressed and how does Mme. Defarge comfort him?

Revolution taking too long; analogy if earthquake and lightning (aka "suck it up") "It does not take a long time to strike a man with Lightning," and "It does not take a long time, "said madame, "for an earthquake to swallow a town. Eh well! Tell me how long it takes to prepare the earthquake?"(dickens 163)

Storm

Revolution.

"Did not great Julius bleed for justice' sake?"

Rhetorical question

Has Rome gained or lost from this change of power?

Rome has lost a capaple leader in Caesar. Antony is an unknown quantity who has shown only that he enjoys having power and can manipulate people. Caesar's death was a meaningless act, since it did not eliminate the threat of tyranny.

"You blocks, you stones. you worse than senseless things!"

Said by Marullus Said to the people. Meaning you idiots why are you celebrating Caesar

"Beware the ides of March."

Said by a soothsayer Said to Caesar Meaning- Be careful of March 15 Importance- Foretells future/assassination, Caesar ignores warning and thinks of himself as godlike.

Saint-Antoine

Saint of the poor.

What was the name of the executioner?

Samson

Why do there appear to be 2 different reactions to Portia's death?

Shakespeare meant to only include one but he forgot to delete the second account of her death

But for my great respect or your sister, I might not have let you so pleasantly to a little proposal that i wish to make for our mutual satisfaction

Speaker:Sydeny Carton, Spoken to:John Barsard

I am the resurrection and the Life, saith the Lord

Speaker:Sydney Carton

I have scared to myself the loved and attachment, the gratitude of respect, of no human creature;I have won mysql fa tender place in no regard;I have down nothing good or serviceable to be remembered by"

Speaker:Sydney Carton, Spoken to: Mr.Lorry

What are Antony's instructions to Octavius' servant?

Tell him to stay and once i give my speech at the funeral go to him and tell him the peoples reaction to the conspirators and

Foulon

Tells the poor peasants to eat grass. He is ultimately hung from a lamp post.

Explain the significance of the chapters title (9)

The Gorgons Head refers to medusa myth she could turn people to stone this is paralleled in how The Marquis chateau looks he has stone everything it also parallels to his death he is killed by Gaspard it when he kills the Marquis he is "petrified" like stone "It lay back on the pillow of Monsieur the Marquis. It was like a fine mask, suddenly startled, made angry, and petrified"dickens 117

archetype

This term is applied to an image, a descriptive detail, a plot pattern, or a character type that occurs frequently in literature, myth, religion, or folklore and is, therefore, believed to evoke profound emotion because it touches the unconscious memory and thus calls into play illogical but strong responses

Echoes

Time passing.

What is significant about the fact that Darnay is placed under escort as soon as he arrives in France?

To be placed "under escort" is essentially to be placed under arrest. Darnay has misunderstood the situation in France, and has placed himself in much more danger than he thought.

Why does Madame Defarge visit Lucie before her husband's execution?

To catch Lucie in an apparent show of either grieving her husband or saying something against the Republic (all things that can be used against her in court).

What is/are the dramatic purpose(s) for the exchange between Brutus and Portia?

To emphasize Brutus' and his wife relationship and how they are a equal partnership

What does the wife of the Marquis want from the doctor?

To find and help the younger sister.

Why does Shakespeare choose to remain focused on Brutus and Cassius instead?

To highlight the conflicting sides against Caesar in Rome developed plot which leads to purpose

Why does Carton go to the wine shop?

To make sure people know there's someone who looks like Darnay about.

How does Brutus take charge of the men? Specifically what three ideas does he rejected and from whom do these ideas originate?

To take an oath that they will not back out of the plan- CASSIUS, Whether to include cicero- CASSIUS, Kill Antony too - CASSIUS

In those same lines as the servant relays his message, what is Mark Antony's purpose?

To threaten brutus that if he doesn't have a good reason for killing caesar then he will get vengeance and brutus will die too.

"It was the popular theme for jests; it was the best cure for a headache, it infallibly prevented the hair from turning grey, it imparted a peculiar delicave to the complexion, it was the national razor which shaved close "

1) Narrator 2) This is talking about how the Guillotine has become a public festival almost people think its funny its kind of a happy place to go and people love it and go to see it like people would have gone to see a movie or play 3) This again shows the cruelty of the people and how they have come to not even thinking twice about killing someone its not sad like it would be for us today its entertainment and thats all

"From the streets beyond the hight wall and the strong gate, there came the usual night hum of the city, with now and then an indescribable ting in it, weird and unearthly, as if some unwonted sounds of a terrible nature were going up to heaven "

1) Narrator 2) This is found when the Manettes go to see Lorry to get help in the Darnay situation. 3) This quote really sets the scene of the grindstone and the city of Paris in general it shows us how eerie it has become

"You are a cursed emigrant,"... making at him in a furious manner throught the press, hammer in hand; "and you are a cursed aristocrat "

1) a man off the street says this 2) The man yells this at Darnay as he is passing in a carriage going through the streets. Many are yelling at him and peasants are talking down to him. 3) This again shows how the tables have turned on Darnay, he is no longer on top with power as an aristocrat he is now a criminal.

"Emigrants have not rights Evrémonde" was the stolid reply "

1) an officer at a checkpoint 2) this is told to Darnay while he is traveling under and escort to paris Darnay is complaining about how and asking why he is being send to La Force 3) This tells Darnay how much has changed since he has left England and how people have gone so far to find reasons to persecute aristocrats, and really anyone else they can.

"Emigrant", said the functionary, "I am going to send you on to Paris, under an escort.""Citizen, i Desire nothing more than to get to Paris, though i could dispence with the escort."

1) this is a conversation between a revolutionary guard and Darnay 2) With this quote Darnay is awoken by three armed patriots and told that he must take an escort that he must pay for to Paris 3) This is significant because this really shows Darnay how the tables have turned and now a respected man whom happens to be an arisocrat by blood, not want is being savagely woken up and taken away by 3 normal revolutionaries

" A Plea"

2 pleas: Carton to Darnay, Lucie to Darnay

At what time is Darnay scheduled to die?

3:00-It symbolizes Jesus' death in that Jesus' death occurred at the same time.

How long is Dr. Manette gone after going out into the crowd?

4 days

Who makes us the tribunal?

5 judges, a prosecutor, a jury

Cicero

A senator. He tells Casca that men construe omens the way they want to. He is later killed by Antony and Octavius when they purge the Senate. Not apart of conspiracy.

What has Shakespeare revealed about Caesars character? Note any flaws specifically.

Caesar lets his arrogance get in the way of good judgment, when he receives an omen that bad things will come if he goes out he doesn't listen until his wife begs but then when Decius tricks him into interpreting Calpurnia's dream differently he leaves.

How does Caesar react to them?

Caesar refuses.

Act 3 scene 1

Caesar sees the soothsayer and artemidorus and blow them off

"When beggars die, there are no comets seen;/The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes"Who says

Calphurnia

Who says?"Alas, my lord; Your wisdom is consumed in confidence/Do not go forth today..."

Calphurnia

What has happened to Carton and Stryver over the years?

Carton broke off from his downed outlook on life and enjoyed working and assisting Stryver.

What does carton actually do for stryver? Why is this ironic considering dickens calls carton "the jackal" and stryver "the lion? Who is the dominant figure in there partnership?

Carton does all the work while stryver feeds off of him hence why stryver is the lion eating the jackal. Carton is dominant in his knowledge where stryver is dominant in confidence

Summary Book 3: Chapter 12: Darkness

Carton goes to Defarge's wine shop. The Defarges marvel at how much he physically resembles the condemned Darnay. Carton overhears Madame Defarge's plan to accuse Lucie and Manette of spying, and to accuse Lucie's daughter as well. Defarge himself finds this course unnecessary, but his wife reminds him of her grievance against the family Evrémonde: she is the surviving sister of the woman and man killed by the Marquis and his brother. She demands the extermination of their heirs. Carton pays for his wine and returns to Tellson's. At midnight, Manette arrives home completely out of his mind. He looks about madly for his shoemaking bench. After calming Manette, Carton takes from the doctor's coat the papers that will allow Lucie, the doctor, and the child to leave the city. He gives the documents to Lorry. Then, Carton gives Lorry his own papers, refusing to explain why. Afraid that the papers may soon be recalled because Madame Defarge intends to denounce the entire family, Carton insists to Lorry that time is of the essence: the family must leave tomorrow. Alone in the street that night, Carton utters a final good-bye and blessing to Lucie.

Why do the Defarges speak so freely in front of Carton?

Carton has led them to believe he does not understand French.

" The Fellow of No Delicacy"

Carton is not delicate; he is rough, hopeless,depressed. but is delicate with lucie

" The Jackal"

Carton is the jackal and The Lion is striver bc striver feeds/ uses Cartons knowledge for cases

What might Carton's thoughts have been regarding the future?

Carton realizes that one day the oppressive Paris will recover brilliantly. He imagines that Lucie and Darnay will name a child after him that will be a just judge, and sees a healthy Mr. Manette, and Lorry living a long life. he imagines he will have a special place in their hearts and knows he is using his life for others. This provides himself with closure.

You know me as a dissolute dog"

Carton to Darnay

How does Darnay escape from prison?

Carton visits him, drugs him, switches clothes with him, and they take Darnay out as Carton

The last words of the chapter, "The Footsteps Die Out Forever," are some of the most famous ever writing: "It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far far better rest that I go to than I have ever known" (343). In what ways is this statement true for Sydney Carton? Wterm-515hy do you suppose this has become such a famous last line from a novel?

Carton's life was all waste, as a drunk and unlikeability. By this one act, he redeems his whole life, and is now remembered fondly by the Manette family. Part of its fame is from the poetry of the words (repetition and parallelism) as well as the yearning in humans for redemption which Carton's life emulates.

Chapter 13 book 2: The Fellow of No Delicacy

Carton, who frequently wanders near the Manettes' house late at night, enters the house one August day and speaks to Lucie alone. She observes a change in his face. He laments his wasted life, despairing that he shall never live a better life than the one he now lives. Lucie assures him that he might become much worthier of himself. She believes that her tenderness can save him. Carton insists that he has declined beyond salvation but admits that he has always viewed Lucie as "the last dream of [his] soul." She has made him consider beginning his life again, though he no longer believes in the possibility of doing so. He feels happy to have admitted this much to Lucie and to know that something remains in him that still deserves pity. Carton ends his confession with a pledge that he would do anything for Lucie, including give his life.

"Why, he that cuts off twenty years of life / Cuts off so many years of fearing death."Who says?

Casca

Who stabs Caesar first?

Casca

During the storm what is Casca feeling and provide text evidence that supports this?

Casca is scared this is the worst storm he's ever seen. He is stressed and feels as if the god's caused the storm "Either there is a civil strife in heaven,/Or else the world, too saucy with the gods, Incenses them to send destruction."

"You speak to Casca, and to such a man/That is no fleering telltale. Hold, my hand./Be factious for redress of all these griefs,/And I will set this foot of mine as far/As who goes farthest."

Casca to Cassius Meaning- I casca am not a tattletale. If you gather a group to right these wrongs I will go as far as any one of you. Significance: Casca has joined in to kill Caesar

In Casca and Cassius' discussion Casca brings up that Caesar will be crowned how does cassius respond?

Casca:"Indeed, they say the senators tomorrow/Mean to establish Caesar as king./And he shall wear his crown by sea and land/In every place save he in Italy" Cassius: "I know where I will wear the dagger then; Cassius from bondage will deliver Cassius." Meaning Cassius will kill himself if that happens

"Caesar, thou art revenged even with the sword that killed thee"

Cassius

"Come, Antony, and young Octavius, come! Revenge yourselves alone on Cassius"

Cassius

"Let Antony and Caesar fall together."Who says?

Cassius

Which man-Brutus or Cassius-proves the better judge of Antony?

Cassius

who says?"A peevish schoolboy, worthless of such honor, joined with a masker and a reveler"

Cassius

Why does Mrs. Defarge say she needs to see Lucie and little Lucie?

For their safety so she can recognize them and protect them

"Two mighty eagles fell, and there they perched,/Gorging and feeding from our soldiers' hands,/Who to Philippi here consorted us./This morning are they fled away and gone,/And in their steads do ravens, crows, and kites/Fly o'er our heads and downward look on us/As we were sickly prey."

Foreshadowing or Symbolism

Who is Foulon? What happens to him?

Foulon, a wealthy man who once declared that if people were starving they should eat grass. Foulon had faked his own death to avoid the peasants' fury but was later discovered hiding in the country. The revolutionaries set out to meet Foulon, led by Madame Defarge and a woman known only as The Vengeance. The mob strings Foulon up, but the rope breaks and he does not die until his third hanging. The peasants put his head on a pike and fill his mouth with grass.

Who came to the house after Pross and Cruncher left?

Four citizen soldiers arrive to take Darnay straight back to the Conciergerie.

What literally happens in scene 3? Major conflict? How are these events related to character development or the play as a whole?

Scene 3 their is a huge storm that is occurring it is the night before Caesar's assassination. One conflict is that Caesar is going to be kinged the next day unless they do something. They also need Brutus to have people on their side. Cassius character is developed through his hatred of Caesar and how he is willing to do whatever it takes to stop him, and Casca is developed from a loyal friend to Caesar to wanting him dead.

How was Ernest Defarge, the wine shop owner, connected to Dr. Manette before his imprisonment?

He was Manette's servant when he was younger.

What is Artemidorus's purpose?

To warn Caesar of the conspiracy,""Caesar, beware of Brutus. Take heed of Cassius. Come not near Casca. Have an eye to Cinna. Trust not Trebonius. Mark well Metellus Cimber. Decius Brutus loves thee not. Thou hast wronged Caius Ligarius. There is but one mind in all these men, and it is bent against Caesar. If thou beest not immortal, look about you. Security gives way to conspiracy. The mighty gods defend thee! Thy lover, Artemidorus"

apostrophe

a figure of speech in which a speaker directly addresses an absent person or a personified quality ex Early in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Cassius, who is actually talking to Brutus, exclaims, "Age thou art sham'd / Rome, thou hast lost the breed of noble bloods!"

metonymy

a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it ex. We commonly speak of the monarch as "the crown." Blood, sweat, and tears" represent "hard work."

oxymoron

a figure of speech that combines two opposing or contradictory ideas ex. freezing fires, jumbo shrimp, tough love, cruel kindness

synecdoche

a form of metaphor in which a part of something is used to stand for the whole thing ex. "threads" for "clothing" and "wheels" for "a car"

syllogism

a formula for presenting an argument logically . . . It affords a method of demonstrating logic through analysis. It consists of 3 divisions: a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. Ex. Maj. - All libraries should serve the people. Min. - This is a public library. Conc. - Therefore, this library should serve the people.

What game is Carton alluding to as he persuades Barsad to help?

a game of cards

pun

a play on words based on different meanings of words that sound alike ex. "son" and "sun," "I" and "eye"

juxtaposition

a poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another

What is a pun? Explain the pun in lines 13-14. Explain the pun in lines 22-23. Why did Shakespeare include these?

a pun is a play on words, The first pun is about this trade he plays on the word soles "a mender of bad soles" The second is playing on the word meddle " I meddle with no tradesman's matters not women's matters , but with all." the word meddle is related to his trade but he is using it to highlight how he's meddling with people

What is Charles accused of?

being an emigrant

"No, Jerry, no!" said the messenger, harping on one theme as he rode. "It wouldn't do for you, Jerry. Jerry, you honest tradesman, it wouldn't suit YOUR line of business! Recalled—! Bust me if I don't think he'd been a drinking!" (Dickens 11) — speaker and about who

both Jerry

What ominous sign has cassius seen that case him to fear the upcoming battle?

eagle turns into birds that represent death

"Lions with toils, and men with flatterers./ But when I tell him he hates flatterers,/He says he does, being then most flattered."

epistrophe

"O mighty Caesar! Dost thou lie so low?"

epithet

"Let Antony and Caesar fall together."

euphemism

How often does Lucie go to the spot?

every day from 2:00 to 4:00

" A Sight"

everyone wants to see the criminals die. It is the sight to see.

What does Brutus say he will do if they lose the battle? Why is he reluctant to do this?

he says he will kill himself even though he thinks it is a vile cowardly act it is more honorable than being a captured

allusion

a reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art ex. Melville names a ship the Pequod in Moby Dick. *The Pequod tribe is extinct, and this foreshadows the vessel's own extinction.

flashback

a section of a literary work that interrupts the sequence of events to relate an event from an earlier time

imperative

a sentence which gives a command; ends with a period or an exclamation point

motif

a simple device that serves as a basis for an expanded narrative . . . The motif is a recurring feature in the work. Ex. In Sandra Cisneros's House on Mango Street, the house is a motif.

monologue

a speech by one character in a play, story, or poem in which he/she has listeners who do not speak

soliloquy

a speech delivered by a character when he or she is alone on stage

What is a sheep?

a spy

ad hominem

an argument made that a. appeals to a person's feelings or prejudices rather than intellect or b. is marked by an attack on an opponent's character rather than his contentions/arguments

What horrible mistake does Cassius make? What is the outcome of this?

he thinks Titinius is taken when he isn't so he thinks their s no hope for them to win even though they are tied but so he has Pindarus kill him in response to this pindarus is now free but has to escape before any of the Romans find out

Why does Mr. Lorry move Lucie and the family out of the bank residence and into an apartment?

he would do anything for Lucie but he is a businessman and does not want to hurt the bank in any way

epanalepsis

repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurs

consonance

repetition of consonant sounds ex. Even, Heaven, striven

epistrophe

repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses (opposite of anaphora) ex. Shylock: I'll have my bond! Speak not against my bond! I have sworn an oath that I will have my bond! Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice

assonance

repetition of vowel sounds ex. "The bows glided down, and the coast Blackened with birds took a last look At his thrashing hair and whale-blue eye; The trodden town rang its cobbles for luck." -Thomas's "Ballad of the Long-Legged Bait"

anaphora

repetition when it is specifically used at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences ex. "I felt shame . . ." Dick Gregory's "Shame"

Did not great Julius bleed for justice' sake?/What villain touched his body, that did stab,And not for justice?...For so much trash as may be grasped thus?

rhetorical questions

How does Portia die?

she swallows fiery coals

What is the nickname for the guillotine?

the National Razor

characterization

the act of creating and developing a character

persuasion

the act of trying to convince someone to believe or act in a certain way.

setting

the time and place of the action of a literary work

Why does Brutus suggest that he and Cassius talk inside the tent?

they don't want their armies to see them fighting because they are supposed to be unified and strong but if they are fighting they are not that

What reason does Antony give letting Lepidus help in choosing who shall die?

they need him to believe he is apart of it so he will do the dirty work and become their scapegoat

What does Antony say they will do to caesars will and what is significant about this?

they will change it because giving away that much money diminishes they're power and power in this case is money. Also he read it aloud so if they change it then it highlights how easily manipulated the roman people are they can just change anything and convince them its right

How does Antony and Octavius honor Brutus?

they will give him a honorable burial and he will be known as a honorable man.

What does Cassius mean by the following statement? "Flatters! Now, Brutus, thank yourself;/This tongue has not offended so today, /If Cassius might have ruled."

they wouldn't be listening to Octavius and Antony's insults if Brutus listened to cassius about killing antony way back when

What does Dr. Manette wind up doing

what work does he do? What advantage does this give him regarding Charles?-He is the doctor for 3 of the prisons including La Force, he knows what is happening to him

climax

when a writer arranges ideas in order of importance ex. I spent the day cleaning the house, reading poetry, and putting my life in order.

" Echoing Footsteps"

foreshadow to the people that Lucie believes will enter into her families lives

"Beware the Ides of March,"

foreshadowing

The sentence beginning "the water of the fountain ran" employs foreshadowing. What might dickens be foreshadowing with this phrase? What pieces of text support this idea?

foreshadows the revolution and the blood running and it refers to how the Monarchs believed they could never loose there power the quote "time and tide waited for no man,"(Dickens 102) shows how time waits for know one not even the Monarchs

"And some that smile have in their hearts, I fear, Millions of mischiefs."

hyperbole

"I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me"

hyperbole

"Their shadows seem/A canopy most fatal under which/Our army lies, ready to give up the ghost"

imagery

What does the doctor say in this journal that condemns his son

in-law to death? - "And them and their descendants, to the last of their race, I...denounce to the times when all these things shall be answered for. I denounce them to Heaven and to earth." Dr. Manette denounces the entire Evremonde family including all of the descendants to the end of the race

Why does Dr. Manette think he can help his son

in-law? - He is a privileged person because of his imprisonment in the Bastille earlier.

What is Brutus' response to Cassius' and Titinius' action?

rallies the men and has the bodies sent away so they aren't reminded of the loss of these men.

mood

the feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage

How should the people view the conspirators and Caesar, according to Antony's funeral speech?

According to Antony's funeral speech, the people should view the conspirators as traitors.

What was Cruncher's message and what was the reply?

"'Wait at Dover for Mam'selle.' It's not long, you see, guard. Jerry, say that my answer was, RECALLED TO LIFE." (Dickens 9)

"farewell, dear darling of my should. My parting blessin gon my love. We shall meet again, where the weary are at rest!" "

1) Darnay 2) This is the final goodbye between Lucie and Darnay after he is sentences to death and Barsad is allowing this they say goodbye and Darnay tries makes Manette realize that he did nothing wrong and neither Darnay nor Lucie blame him

Give three omens presented in scene 2

"A lioness hath whelpèd in the streets,"- meaning A lioness gave birth in the streets, "And graves have yawned and yielded up their dead"- meaning and graves cracked open and thrust out their dead. "Fierce fiery warriors fought upon the clouds/In ranks and squadrons and right form of war,/Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol."- meaning Fierce, fiery warriors fought in the clouds in the usual formations of war—ranks and squadrons—until the clouds drizzled blood onto the Capitol.

Find to puns on his sickness and give the meaning

"A piece of work that will make sick men whole.""but are not some whole that we must make sick" meaning that their task will make Rome good again however in order to do this they must make a healthy man sick.

Cassius interpretation of storm and other signs the heavens bring

"And put on fear, and cast yourself in wonder/To see the strange impatience of the heavens./But if you would consider the true cause/Why all these fires, why all these gliding ghosts,/Why birds and beasts from quality and kind,/Why old men fool and children calculate,/Why all these things change from their ordinance/Their natures and preformèd faculties/To monstrous quality—why, you shall find/That heaven hath infused them with these spirits/To make them instruments of fear and warning"Cassius insists that heaven has brought about such things as birds and animals that change their natures "Why birds and beasts from quality and kind," and children who predict the future "Why old men fool and children calculate," all these beings act unnaturally "Why all these things change from their ordinance/Their natures and preformèd faculties" meaning Heaven has done all this, to warn the Romans of an evil condition that they should correct,

In Casca and Cassius' discussion what is the metaphor Shakespeare uses and what does it mean?

"And why should Caesar be a tyrant then?/Poor man! I know he would not be a wolf/ But that he sees the Romans are but sheep;/He were no lion, were not Romans hinds." Meaning Cassius implies that Caesar's power is only because Romans are weak and give him that power

Imagery example 3 in scene 3

"And why should Caesar be a tyrant then?/Poor man! I know he would not be a wolf/But that he sees the Romans are but sheep./He were no lion were not Romans hinds./Those that with haste will make a mighty fire/Begin it with weak straws. What trash is Rome,/What rubbish and what offal, when it serves/For the base matter to illuminate/So vile a thing as Caesar!"

Identify examples of parallelism, especially anaphora in lines 123 - 137.

"Brutus is noble, wise, valiant, and honest./Caesar was mighty, bold, royal, and loving." (Shakespeare 3.1.127-128)

Why is Ligarius, despite his illness, so willing to follow Brutus ( give two reasons)? What does this act reveal/ confirm about Brutus?

"By all the gods that Romans worship, I hereby throw off my sickness! Soul of Rome! Brave son of honorable ancestors! You've conjured up my deadened spirit like an exorcist. Now say the word, and I will tackle all kinds of impossible things, and succeed too. What is there to do?"- Caius this highlights that anyone is willing to follow the honorable brutus because of his noble ancestors who removed the kings. "Set on your foot,/And with a heart new-fired I follow you,/To do I know not what. But it sufficeth/That Brutus leads me on."- caius he is willing to blindly follow brutus without know his plan. This reveal's Brutus' true power and emphasizes his families reputation and how much power that gives him.

What metaphor does Caesar use to describe himself? Why is this description appropriate and effective?

"Caesar should be a beast without a heart/If he should stay at home today for fear./No, Caesar shall not. Danger knows full well/That Caesar is more dangerous than he./We are two lions littered in one day,/And I the elder and more terrible./And Caesar shall go forth." He compares himself to danger stating that he and danger are the same however Caesar is stronger

Copy the line that indicates which character will strike the first blow against Caesar.

"Casca, be sudden, for we fear prevention." (Shakespeare 3.1.19.) and "Casca, you are the first that fears your hand." (Shakespeare 3.1.30)

Summary Book 3: Chapter 15: The Footsteps Die Out Forever

"Crush humanity out of shape once more . . . and it will twist itself into the same tortured forms. Sow the same seed of . . . oppression over again, and it will surely yield the same fruit according to its kind." Carton and the young seamstress reach the guillotine. The Vengeance and the other revolutionary women worry that Madame Defarge will miss the beheading of Charles Darnay. The seamstress reflects that the new Republic may make life easier for poor people like herself and her surviving cousin. She kisses Carton and goes calmly to her death. Carton then goes to his. The narrator recounts that those who saw Carton die witnessed a peaceful and even prophetic look on his face, and speculates confidently about Carton's final thoughts: Carton notes the fact that the oppressors in the crowd "have risen on the destruction of the old," but also realizes that, someday, Paris will recover from these horrors and become beautiful. Also in these imagined last moments, Carton sees Lucie and Darnay with a child named after himself. He sees Manette happy and healthy and sees Lorry living a long and peaceful life. He sees a future in which he holds a special place in their hearts and in the hearts of generations hence. He sees his own name "made illustrious," and the blots that he threw upon his life fade away. According to the narrator, Carton dies in the knowledge that "It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known."

What does Caesar say as he dies?

"Et tu, Brute? Then fall Caesar."

Read Brutus' lines at about line 98. His address to the Fates exemplifies which two rhetorical techniques?

"Fates, we will know your pleasures./That we shall dies, we know; 'tis but the time,/And drawing days out, that men stand upon."( Shakespeare 3.1.98-100) Shakespeare uses an allusion to the haters and a apostrophe

Describe Mr. crunchers "fishing tackle. "What kind of "fish" do you think he is going for with this type of tackle?

Bodies

Describe Jarvis Lorry's dress and physical appearance?

"He had a healthy colour in his cheeks, and his face, though lined, bore few traces of anxiety. But, perhaps the confidential bachelor clerks in Tellson's Bank were principally occupied with the cares of other people; and perhaps second-hand cares, like second-hand clothes, come easily off and on."(Dickens 16)

"No!" protested Defarge. " Not if to lift this glass would do it! But I would leave the matter there. I say, stop there." "

1) Defarge 2) This is telling us that even Defarge thinks they are going a little overboard and at this point its just overkill but Madame Defarge will never stop she is out for bitter revenge

What did one brother say to the other when they heard "she is dead"?

"I congratulate you, my brother."

What is the goal of Cassius' speech beginning at line 90?

"I know virtue to be in you, Brutus," To say Caesar is weak without people anecdotes to highlight weakness and Cassius had to save Caesar.

Copy at least two quotes involving the repeal of Publius Cimber that exemplify Caesar's arrogance. Explain.

"I must prevent thee, Cimber./These couch info and these lowly courtesies/ Might fire the blood of ordinary men"(Shakespeare 3.1.36-38) and "I could be well moved, if I were as you;/ If I could pray to move, prayers would move me;/But I am constant as the Northern Star,/ Of whose true-fixed and resting quality/ There is no fellow in the firmament." (Shakespeare 3.1.58-62). Caesar refuses to stop the banishment of Publius because he believes that if he shows sympathy to a member senate that he is weak.

Imagery example 2 in scene 3

"In Pompey's porch. For now, this fearful night,/There is no stir or walking in the streets,/And the complexion of the element/In favor's like the work we have in hand,/Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible."

Why do the conspirators choose to meet at Pompey's porch?

"In Pompey's porch. For now, this fearful night,/There is no stir or walking in the streets,/And the complexion of the element/In favor's like the work we have in hand,/Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible." It is night and stormy so no on would see them

How can Mark Antony's words at line 191 be considered a pun?

"My credit now stands on such slippery ground" (Shakespeare 3.1.191) the ground is literally slippery from caesars blood.

When Cassius and the other men show up, explain the significance of how they are dressed (Line 73-76) What is suggested?

"No, sir. Their hats are plucked about their ears/ And have their faces buried in there cloaks,/That by no means I may discover them/ By any mark of favor" They are dressed so no one will know who they are, this suggests that they must hide from everyone so Caesar is not suspicious bc he has people watching every where and if a bunch of people meet it may be suspicious.

How does carton feel about himself? Find text support

"Nobody had made any acknowledgement of Mr.Carton's part in the day's proceedings; nobody had known of it. He was unrobed, and was none the better for it in appearance."(my page 73) he feels invisible worthless and is not seen bc he is judged to be no good drunk

Identify at least three rhetorical techniques Brutus' lines 164- 176

"O Antony, beg not your death of us." (Shakespeare 3.1.164) this is inversion and a apostrophe. "As fire drives fire, so pity pity" (Shakespeare 3.1.171) this is anadiplosis. "And this the bleeding business they have done." (Shakespeare 3.1.168) Inversion.

Imagery example 1 in scene 3

"O Cicero, I have seen temptress with the scolding winds/Have rived knotted oaks, and I have seen/ The ambitious ocean swell and rage and foam/To be exalted with the high threatening clouds;"

Read lines 148 - 163 where Antony addresses the conspirators and Caesar. Identify at least three rhetorical techniques present in this passage.

"O mighty Caesar! Dost thou lie so low?" (Shakespeare 3.1.148) This is an apostrophe "Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils,/ Shrunk to this little measure?" (Shakespeare 3.1.148-150) This is Asyndeton. "Now, whilst your purpled hands do reek and smoke" (Shakespeare 3.1.158) The Purpled hands is a use of connotation because when he says purple, he means royal. "Of half that worth as those your swords, made rich/ With the most noble blood of all this world." (Shakespeare 3.1.155-156) this is a hyperbole.

Resurrection theme

"Recalled to life," "golden thread." Resurrection-man. "I am the resurrection and the life."

"Five paces by four an a half"...."He made shoes" "

1) Darnay 2) This is while Darnay is locked up in solitary confienment sometime during his year and three month wait in solitary, Darnay is going a little mad and is starting to realize how Manette felt like being locked up for 15 years so he is only just starting to understand really why he made shoes. 3) This is really important because of how he is realizing what Manette went through and how he did it.

Beginning at line 254, identify at least three or rhetorical strategies in Antony's speech.

"That I am meek and gentle with these butchers!"(Shakespeare 3.1.255) Metaphor compare to butchers. "And Caesar's spirit, ranging for revenge,/With Até by his side come hot from hell,/Shall in these confines with a monarch's voice/Cry "Havoc!" and let slip the dogs of war," (Shakespeare 3.1.270-273) Allusion Até greek goddess of discord and vengeance, this is also foreshadowing this is his prediction that Antony has and it eventually happens theirs a civil war in response to caesars death. "That this foul deed shall smell above the earth/With carrion men, groaning for burial." (Shakespeare 3.1.274-275) Personification corpses can't beg to be buried.

Identify 2 metaphors and Brutus' soliloquy and name their purpose/effect

"That lowliness is young ambition's ladder"- Meaning that humility provides ambition to gain power until you reach the top and forget who got you their and you become arrogant and too powerful. "serpent's egg"- Meaning that they people know what a serpent how dangerous it is so they ought to kill it before it can cause harm. Brutus knows what Caesar is and what he has done so they must kill him before he grows stronger and causes more mischief. They both serve to highlight how caesar is dangerous to rome and how he will become too powerful unless they stop him

Compared Caesar to a bird

"These growing feathers plucked from Caesar's wing Will make him fly an ordinary pitch" Meaning he is a bird but if you pluck his wings to bring him back down to normal power

Read Casca and Brutus' exchange at line 98 - 110. Summarize their rationale in killing Caesar.

"Why, he that cuts off twenty years of life/ Cuts off so many years of fearing death." "Grant that, and then is death a benefit./So are we Caesar's friends, that have abridged/His time of fearing death. Stoop, Romans, stoop,/And let us bathe our hands in Caesar's blood/Up to the elbows, and besmear our swords./Then walk we forth, even to the marketplace,/And waving our red weapons o'er our heads/Let's all cry, "Peace, freedom, and liberty!"(Shakespeare 3.1.101-110) He would be fearing death till he died we prevented him from fear they say that it was beneficial to him because of this fear.

Explain Caesars attitude toward death. Give a specific textual example.

"What can be avoided/Whose end is purposed by the mighty gods?/Yet Caesar shall go forth, for these predictions/Are to the world in general as to Caesar."- Meaning How can we avoid what the gods want to happen? But I will go out, for these bad omens apply to the world in general as much as they do to me. He believes gods control fate which contrasts to something Cassius said in act 1 scene 2

Brutus loves Caesar, but fears his power. Text evidence that examines his conflicted feelings, as well as his attitude about political power

"What means this shouting? I do fear the people Choose Caesar for their king.""Ay, do you fear it? then must i think you would not have it so. "" I would not, Cassius, yet I love him well."

jaded

(adj.) wearied, worn-out, dulled (in the sense of being satiated by excessive indulgence) syn: sated, surfeited, cloyed ant: unspoiled, uncloyed

Heinous

(adj.)very wicked, offensive, hateful syn: evil, odious, outrageous ant: excellent, wonderful, splendid

"Barsad", said another voice striking in. "

1) Jerry 2) This is when Miss Pross runs into her brother Solomon and we realize that Barsad is Solomon and he freaks out because he doesnt want his sister to blow his cover because he is a true Englishman and would be in a lot of trouble if people found out

Shakespeare decides to focus on Brutus and Cassius to show Caesar's true personality through the peoples' eyes

. It also highlights the conflicting sides against Caesar in Rome, developing a plot.

How long is Charles in prison before he goes to trial (the first time)?

1 year and 3 months

Brusque

(adj.) Abrupt, blunt, with no formalities syn: tactless, ungracious ant: tactful, diplomatic

Crass

(adj.) Coarse, unfeeling; stupid Syn: crude, tasteless, oafish, obtuse Ant: refined, elegant, tasteful, polished, brilliant Has ass in word so not nice

anomalous

(adj.) abnormal, irregular, departing from the usual. SYN: exceptional, atypical, unusual, aberrant. ANT: normal, regular, customary, typical, ordinary

hypothetical

(adj.) based on an assumption or guess; used as a provisional or tentative idea to guide or direct investigation syn. assumed, supposed, conditional ant. actual, real, tested, substantiated

lurid

(adj.) causing shock, horror, or revulsion; sensational; pale or sallow in color; terrible or passionate in intensity or lack of restraint. SYN: gruesome, gory, grisly, baleful, ghastly. ANT: pleasant, attractive, appealing, wholesome

vapid

(adj.) dull, uninteresting, tiresome; lacking in sharpness, flavor, liveliness, or force Syn: lifeless, colorless Ant: zesty, spicy, colorful Remember by: vapid vampire lifeless colorless

Bizarre

(adj.) extremely strange, unusual, atypical syn: grotesque, fantastic, outlandish ant: normal, typical, ordinary, expected

corpulent

(adj.) fat; having a large, bulky body syn. overweight, heavy, obese, stout, portly ant. slender, lean, spare, gaunt, emaciated

sepulchral

(adj.) funereal, typical of the tomb; extremely gloomy or dismal Syn: lugubrious, mortuary Remember by: pretty little liars

squeamish

(adj.) inclined to nausea; easily shocked or upset; excessively fastidious or refined syn. nauseated, queasy, delicate, oversensitive, priggish

ignoble

(adj.) mean, low, base syn. inferior, unworthy, sordid ant. admirable, praiseworthy, lofty, noble

Vicarious

(adj.) performed, suffered, or otherwise experienced by one person in another place syn: surrogate, secondhand ant actual, firsthand

erudite

(adj.) scholarly, learned, bookish, pedantic syn: profoundly educated, well-read ant: ignorant, uneducated, illiterate

axiomatic

(adj.) self-evident, expressing a universally accepted principle SYNONYM: taken for granted Ant: questionable, dubious Remember by: if someone takes you for granted your going to X them out aXiomatic

Amorphous

(adj.) shapeless, without defined form; of no particular type or character; without organization, unity, or cohesion. SYN: formless, unstructured, nebulous, inchoate. ANT: definite, well-defined, clear-cut.

Surreptitious

(adj.) stealthy, secret, intended to escape observation; made or accomplished by fraud syn: furtive, covert, clandestine, concealed ant: open, frank, aboveboard, overt

acrimonious

(adj.) stinging, bitter in temper or tone syn. biting, rancorous, hostile, peevish ant. gentle, warm, mild, cordial

hiatus

(n.) A gap, opening, break (in the sense of having an element missing). syn: pause, lacuna ant: continuity, continuation

Fetter

(n.) a chain or shackle placed on the feet (often used in plural); anything that confines or restrains; (v.) to chain or shackle; to render helpless or impotent syn: (n.) bond, restraint, (v.) bind hinder ant: (v.) free, liberate, emancipate FEET chain or shackle

Aspersion

(n.) a damaging or derogatory statement, the act of slandering or defaming syn: innuendo, calumny ant: endorsement, praise

Demagogue

(n.) a leader who exploits popular prejudices and false claims and promises in order gain power syn: rabble-rouser, firebrand Think hitler he uses peoples hatred of communists and depression to gain power D in d******* like dictator

Sinecure

(n.) a position requiring little or no work; an easy job syn: "no-show" job, cushy job, "plum"

caveat

(n.) a warning or caution to prevent misunderstanding or discourage behavior Syn: admonition, word to the wise Remember by: idk

exhortation

(n.) an address or communication emphatically urging someone to do something. SYN: entreaty, implore, adjure. ANT: discourage, advise against, deprecate

Aura

(n.) that which surrounds (as an atmosphere); a distinctive air or personal quality Syn: ambiance, atmosphere

polysyndeton

(opposite of asyndeton) the use of more conjunctions than is normal ex. Milton's Satan "pursues his way, And swims, or sinks, or wades, or creeps, or flies."

litotes

(opposite of hyperbole) a great understatement ex. To say "She was not unmindful" when one means that "She gave careful attention." In Tennyson's "Ulysses," the heroic speaker resorts to litotes several times: "little profits," for profits not at all," "not least" for "great," "not to fail" for "succeed splendidly," and "not unbecoming" for "thoroughly appropriate."

understatement

(see litotes) saying less than is actually meant, generally in an ironic way ex. When someone says "pretty fair" but means "splendid"

Desecrate

(v.) To commit sacrilege up, treat irreverently; to contaminate, pollute Syn: profane, defile, violate Ant: revere, venerate, consecrate

Mitigate

(v.) To make milder or softer, to moderate in force or intensity Syn: lessen, relieve, alleviate Ant: aggravate, intensify, irritate, exacerbate Think of it like M for mini or mild, moderate

expurgated

(v.) To remove objectionable passages or words from a written text; to cleance, purify syn: Purge, censor, bowdlerize

Disabuse

(v.) to free from deception or error, set right in ideas or thinking syn: undeceive, enlighten ant deceive, delude, pull wool over one's eyes not abuse when you abuse you hurt and deceive others meaning you think someone is good until they abuse you

ameliorate

(v.) to improved, make better, correct a flaw or shortcoming syn: amen, better ant: worsen aggravate, exacerbate; straitlaced - (adj.) extremely strict in regard to moral standards and conduct; prudish, puritanical Syn: highly conventional, overly strict, stuffy Ant: lax, loose, indulgent, permissive, dissolute Remember by: straight headed in right direction

simulated

(v.) to make a pretense of, imitate; to show the outer signs of. SYN: feign, pretend, affect.

expedited

(v.) to make easy, cause to progress faster Syn: accelerate, facilitate, speed up Ant: hinder, hamper, impede, obstruct

permeated

(v.) to spread through, penetrate, soak through.

infringements

(v.) to violate, trespass, go beyond recognized bounds(n.) an encroachment or trespass on a right or privilege SYN: (v.) encroach, impinge, intrude, poach. (n.) infraction, transgression, violation AYN: stay in bounds.

scourge

(v.) to whip, punish severely; (n.) a cause of affliction or suffering; a source or severe punishment or criticism Syn: (v.) flog, beat; (n.) bane, plague, pestilence Ant: (n.) godsend, boon, blessing Remember by: scrouge the christmas carol mean to servants; Transgressions - (n.) to go beyond a limit or boundary; to sin, violate a law syn: overstep, trespass ant: obey, toe the line

diction

(word choice) To discuss a writer's diction is to consider the vocabulary used, the appropriateness of the words, and the vividness of the language.

"I am Brutus, Marcus Brutus I"

- chiasmus

Who is the person referred to in the title of chapter 4

-- the "Calm in the Storm"? - Dr. Manette

"If you remember," said Carton, dictationg, " the words passed between us long ago you will readily comprehend this when you see it you do remember them, i know. It is not in your nature to forget them.." "

1) Carton 2) this is when Carton is druging and switching places with Darnay he is kind of telling him that he will understand what he is doing for him when Darnay wakes up with his own family

"Humph! I see one thing," said Carton " I hold another card Mr. Barsad. Impossible, here in raging Paris, with suspicion filling the air, for you to outlive denunciation, "

1) Carton 2) this is when john barsad and carton are talking about how cly is alive and jerry knows that he was never buried and this is how Carton blackmails him into helping Carton switch places with Darnay

Chapter 10 book 2: Two Promises

-A year later, Darnay makes a moderate living as a French teacher in London. He visits Doctor Manette and admits his love for Lucie. He honors Manette's special relationship with his daughter, assuring him that his own love for Lucie will in no way disturb that bond. Manette applauds Darnay for speaking so "feelingly and so manfully" and asks if he seeks a promise from him. Darnay asks Manette to promise to vouch for what he has said, for the true nature of his love, should Lucie ever ask. Manette promises as much. Wanting to be worthy of his confidence, Darnay attempts to tell Manette his real name, confessing that it is not Darnay. Manette stops him short, making him promise to reveal his name only if he proves successful in his courtship. He will hear Darnay's secret on his wedding day. Hours later, after Darnay has left, Lucie hears her father cobbling away at his shoemaker's bench. Frightened by his relapse, she watches him as he sleeps that night.

Chapter 4 book 2: Congratulatory

-Doctor Manette, Lucie, Mr. Lorry, Mr. Stryver, and Darnay exit the courtroom. The narrator relates that Manette has established himself as an upright and distinguished citizen, though the gloom of his terrible past descends on him from time to time. -Darnay kisses Lucie's hand and then turns to Stryver to thank him for his work. -Lucie, Manette, and Stryver depart, and a drunk Sydney Carton emerges from the shadows to join the men. Lorry chastises him for not being a serious man of business. Darnay and Carton make their way to a tavern, where Carton smugly asks, "Is it worth being tried for one's life, to be the object of [Lucie's] sympathy and compassion . . . ?" After Darnay leaves, Carton curses his own image in the mirror, as well as his look-alike, who reminds him of what he has "fallen away from."

Chapter 6 book2 : Hundreds of People

-Four months later, Mr. Lorry, now a trusted friend of the Manette family, arrives at Doctor Manette's home. Finding Manette and his daughter not at home, he converses with Miss Pross. They discuss why the doctor continues to keep his shoemaker's bench. -Their conversation also touches on the number of suitors who come to call on Lucie. Miss Pross complains that they come by the dozen, by the hundred—all "people who are not at all worthy of Ladybird." In Miss Pross's opinion, the only man worthy of Lucie is her own brother, Solomon Pross. Lorry asks if Manette ever returns to his shoemaking, and Pross assures him that the doctor no longer thinks about his dreadful imprisonment. Lucie and Manette return, and soon Darnay joins them. Darnay relates that a workman, making alterations to a cell in the Tower of London, came upon a carving in the wall: "D I G." At first, the man mistook these for some prisoner's initials, but he soon enough realized that they spelled the word dig. Upon digging, the man discovered the ashes of a scrap of paper on which the prisoner must have written a message. The story startles Manette, but he soon recovers. Carton arrives and sits with the others near a window in the drawing room. The footsteps on the street below make a terrific echo. Lucie imagines that the footsteps belong to people that will eventually enter into their lives. Carton comments that if Lucie's speculation is true, then a great crowd must be on its way.

Chapter 1 Book 2: Five Years Later

-It is now 1780. -Tellson's Bank in London prides itself on being "very small, very dark, very ugly, very incommodious." Were it more welcoming, the bank's partners believe, it would lose its status as a respectable business. -It is located by Temple Bar, the spot where, until recently, the government displayed the heads of executed criminals. -Jerry Cruncher, employed by Tellson's as a runner and messenger, begins the day by yelling at his wife for "praying against" him he throws his muddy boot at her. -Around nine o'clock, Cruncher and his young son camp outside Tellson's Bank, where they await the bankers' instructions. When an indoor messenger calls for a porter, Cruncher takes off to do the job. - As young Jerry sits alone, he wonders why his father's fingers always have rust on them.

Chapter 9 book 2: The Gorgon's Head

-Later that night, at the Marquis' chateau, Charles Darnay, the nephew of the Marquis, arrives by carriage. Darnay tells his uncle that he wants to renounce the title and property that he stands to inherit when the Marquis dies. The family's name, Darnay contends, is associated with "fear and slavery." He insists that the family has consistently acted shamefully, "injuring every human creature who came between us and our pleasure." -The Marquis dismisses these protests, urging his nephew to accept his "natural destiny." The next morning, the Marquis is found dead with a knife through his heart. Attached to the knife is a note that reads: "Drive him fast to his tomb. This, from Jacques."

Chapter 7book 2: Monseigneur in Town

-Monseigneur, a great lord in the royal court, holds a reception in Paris. He surrounds himself with the greatest pomp and luxury. For example, he has four serving men help him drink his chocolate. The narrator tells us that Monseigneur's money corrupts everyone who touches it. -mad at Monseigneur's arrogantness, one guest, the Marquis Evrémonde, condemns Monseigneur as he leaves. -The Marquis orders his carriage to be raced through the city streets, delighting to see the commoners nearly run down by his horses. Suddenly the carriage jolts to a stop. A child lies dead under its wheels. The Marquis tosses a few coins to the boy's father, a man named Gaspard, and to the wine shop owner Defarge, who tries to comfort Gaspard. As the Marquis drives away, a coin comes flying back into the carriage, thrown in bitterness. He curses the commoners, saying that he would willingly ride over any of them. -Madame Defarge watches the scene, knitting the entire time.

Chapter 5 book 2: The Jackal

-Sydney Carton, the "idlest and most unpromising of men," makes his way from the tavern to Mr. Stryver's apartment. The men drink together and discuss the day's court proceedings. -Stryver, nicknamed "the lion," compliments his friend, "the jackal," for the "rare point" that he made regarding Darnay's identification. However, he laments Carton's moodiness. Ever since their days in school together, Stryver observes, Carton has fluctuated between highs and lows, "now in spirits and now in despondency!" Carton shrugs off Stryver's accusation that his life lacks a unified direction. Unable to match Stryver's vaulting ambition, Carton claims that he has no other choice but to live his life "in rust and repose." Attempting to change the subject, Stryver turns the conversation to Lucie, praising her beauty. Carton dismisses her as a "golden-haired doll," but Stryver wonders about Carton's true feelings for her.

"Citizen Everemonde," seh said, touching him with her cold hand. "I am a poor little seamstress, who was with you in La Force."He murmured for answer: "True, I forgot what you were accused of?" "Plots. Though the just Heaven knows i am innocent of any. Is it likely? Who would think of plotting witha poor little weak creature like me?" "

1) Carton/Seamstress 2) They are talking and this is the first time Carton meets the woman he is going to fall in love with she realizes that he is not really Darnay and he is dying for him and his family

Chapter 3 book 2: A Disappointment

-The Attorney-General prosecutes the case, demanding that the jury find Darnay guilty of passing English secrets into French hands. -The Solicitor-General examines John Barsad, whose testimony supports the Attorney-General's case. The cross-examination, however, tarnishes Barsad's pure and righteous character. It reveals that he has served time in debtor's prison and has been involved in brawls over gambling. -The prosecution calls its next witness, Roger Cly, whom the defense attorney, Mr. Stryver, also exposes as a dubious, untrustworthy witness. -Mr. Lorry then takes the stand, and the prosecution asks him if, five years ago, he shared a Dover mail coach with Charles. Lorry contends that his fellow passengers sat so bundled up that their identities remained hidden. The prosecutors then ask similar questions of Lucie, the young woman Darnay had noticed earlier. She admits to meeting the prisoner on the ship back to England. When she recounts how he helped her to care for her sick father, however, she seems to help his case—yet she then inadvertently turns the court against Darnay by reporting his statement that George Washington's fame might one day match that of George III. -Doctor Manette is also called to the stand, but he claims that he remembers nothing of the trip due to his illness. -Mr. Stryver is in the middle of cross-examining another witness "with no result" when his insolent young colleague, Sydney Carton, passes him a note. Stryver begins arguing the contents of the note, which draws the court's attention to Carton's own uncanny resemblance to the prisoner. The undeniable likeness foils the court's ability to identify Darnay as a spy beyond reasonable doubt. The jury retires to deliberate and eventually returns with an acquittal for Darnay.

Chapter 8 book 2: Monseigneur in the Country

-The Marquis arrives in the small village to which he serves as lord. There, too, the people live wretched lives, exploited, poor, and starving. As he looks over the submissive faces of the peasants, he singles out a road-mender whom he passed on his journey, a man whose fixed stare bothered him. He demands to know what the road-mender was staring at, and the man responds that someone was holding onto the bottom of the carriage. -The Marquis continues on his way and soon comes upon a peasant woman, mourning at a rustic graveside. The woman stops him and begs that he provide her husband's grave with some stone or marker, lest he be forgotten, but the Marquis drives away, unmoved. He arrives at his chateau and, upon entering, asks if Monsieur Charles has arrived from England.

Chapter 2 book 2: A Sight

-The bank clerk instructs Cruncher to go to the Old Bailey Courthouse and await orders from Jarvis Lorry. -Cruncher arrives at the court, where Charles Darnay, a handsome, well-bred young man, stands trial for treason. -Cruncher understands little of the legal jargon, but he gleans that Darnay has been charged with divulging secret information to the king of France (Louis XVI): namely, that England plans to send armed forces to fight in the American colonies. - As Darnay looks to a young lady and her distinguished father, a whisper rushes through the courtroom, speculating on the identity of the two. Eventually, Cruncher discovers that they will serve as witnesses against the prisoner.

Chapter 24 book 2: Drawn to the Loadstone Rock

-Three years pass. -Political turmoil continues in France, causing England to become a refuge for persecuted aristocrats. -Tellson's Bank in London becomes a "great gathering-place of Monseigneur. Tellson's has decided to dispatch Mr. Lorry to its Paris branch, in hopes that he can protect their valuable ledgers, papers, and records from destruction. Darnay arrives to persuade Lorry not to go, but Lorry insists, saying that he will bring Jerry Cruncher as his bodyguard. -Lorry receives an urgent letter, addressed to the Marquis St. Evrémonde, along with instructions for its delivery. -Lorry laments the extreme difficulty of locating the Marquis, who has abandoned the estate willed to him by his murdered uncle. Darnay, careful to let no one suspect that he is in fact the missing Marquis, says that the Marquis is an acquaintance of his. -He takes the letter, assuring Lorry that he will see it safely delivered. -Darnay reads the letter, which contains a plea from Gabelle, whom the revolutionaries have imprisoned for his upkeep of the Marquis' property. Gabelle begs the new Marquis to return to France and save him. -Darnay resolves to go to Paris, with a "glorious vision of doing good." After writing a farewell letter to Lucie and Doctor Manette, he departs.

"They are"...whispered the words glancing fear fully round at the locked room, "murdering the prisoners. If you are sure of what you say; if you really have the power you think you have-as i believe you have-make yourself known to these devils, and get taken to La Force . It may be too late, I don't know, but let it not be a minute later!' "

1) Lorry 2) He is talking to Dr. Manette about what the patriots when they are out in the courtyard with the revolutionaries sharpening their weapons on the grindstone 3) This is important because it gives the audience a sense of urgency, Manette has to succeed in convincing them not to kill Darnay or hes going to die

"See you," said madame, "i Care nothing for this Doctor, i. He may wear his head or lose it, for any interest i have in him; it is all one to me. But, the Evremonde people are to be exterminated, and the wife and child must follow the husband and father" "

1) Madame Defarge 2) She is plotting to convict Lucie as well as her daughter for mourning a criminal and is doing whatever she can to make sure they are both convicted and killed.

"For his sake, Doctor,' she said, pointing to him in tears, 'i would do all i can to make what poor amends i can. He will never proser in his inheritance otherwise. I have presentiment that if no other innocent atonement is made for this, it will one day be required of him. HWat i have left to call my own-it is little beyond the worth of a few jewels-I will make it the first charge of his life to bestow, with the compassion and lamenting of his dead mother, on this injured family, if the sister can be discovered" "

1) Manette 2) This is him cursing the family to a life of bad luck and cursing the entire Darnay family this includes charles so this is even more proof as to why Darnay should be convicted.

"I am a Briton," said Miss Pross, "i am desperate. I don't care an English Twopence for myself. I know that the longer I keep you here, the greater hope there is for my Ladybird. I'll not leave a handful of that dark hair upon your head if you lay a finger on me "

1) Miss Pross 2) this shows us how much Miss pross cares about Lucie and how much she loves her and she will die for her cause anyday and here its really nice to see someone who doesnt back down or cower in fear at Mme Defage

"Then tell Wind and Fire where to stop...But dont tell me "

1) Mme Defarge 2)This is telling us that even Defarge thinks they are going a little overboard and at this point its just overkill but Madame Defarge will never stop she is out for bitter revenge

"I summon you and yours, to the last of you bad race, to answer for them. I mark this cross of blood upon you, as a sign that i do it. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of the bad race, to answer for them separately. I mark this cross of blood upon him, as a dign that i do it." "

1) Mme Defarges brother 2) This is the brother cursing the entire Darnay family hoping that all the ancestors of these brothers will pay for their sins on his family (sister, brother-in-law, and himself)

"But the doctor tried hard, and never ceased trying to get Charles Darnay set at liberty, or at least to get him brought to trial. the public current of time set too strong and fast for him "

1) Narrator 2) Manette is doing all he can to help Darnay and trying to get him a court date so he can get him out of jail and back to his wife and child 3) This is important because it gives us hope that Darnay is going to be okay he is going to get through this alive and Manette is going to be able to do something

"Madame Defarge's hands were at her bosom. Miss Pross looked up, saw what it was, struck at it, struck out a flash and a crash, and stood alone-blinded with smoke. All this was in a second. As the smole cleared, leaving an awful stillness, it passed out on the air, like the soul of the furious woman whose body lay lifeless on the ground"

1) Narrator 2) Miss pross kills Mme. Defage for Lucie and ends up going deaf in one ear, this shows the love she has for Lucie she is willing to die for what she has done and she doesnt care she would kill her again in a heartbeat if it meant saving Lucie.

"Not a mean village closed upon him, not a common barrier dropped across the road behind him, but he knew it to be another iron door in the series that was barred between him and England." "

1) Narrator 2) This is Charles Darnay thinking about how what he was doing was just getting him further and further from his family, where he truly wants to be. 3) This is significant because its kind of foreshadowing the fact that Darnay wont get back to his home, and that soon enough there will be more than one mean village closing upon him.

"Being besought to go to him and dress the wound, the Doctor passed out at the same gate, and found him in the arms of a company of Samaritans who were seated on the bodies of their victims "

1) Narrator 2) This is at the courthouse as people are exiting the Samaritans on the street are killing them, and here they have stabbed a man then realized he was innocent so they went back to try to help them, although they have killed so many them helping this one man does not make them any sort of good person 3) This quote again shows the brutality of these mobs and how when they kill someone they truly have no remorse as any sane person would they have really been programmed to be against everyone.

"Looking at the Jury and the turbulent audience, he might have thought that the usual order of things was reversed, and that felons were trying the honest men. "

1) Narrator 2) This is during the trial of Charles Darnay looking at the way that everything has changed the honest are being tried and the guilty criminals are trying them 3) this really just tells us about how much things have changed and how the tables have turned

"...has a double handle and turning at it madly were two men, whose faces as their long hair flapped back when the whirlings of the grindstone brought their faces up....were all bloody and sweaty.....glaring with beastly excitement and wanting to sleep...the eye could not detect one creature in the group from the smear of blood....hatchets, knives, bayonets, swords all brought to be sharpened, were all red with it "

1) Narrator 2) This is found when Manette goes out in to the courtyard with Mr. Lorry to go talk to the revolutionaries about helping Darnay 3) this quote is very important because it tells us how crazed these people have become they are carelessly killing people and ALL of them have weapons that are drenched with so much blood that the grindstone its self is red with blood

"Greater things than the Doctor had at that time to contend with, would have yielded before his perservering purpose. While he kept himself in his palace, as a physician, whose business was with all degrees of mankind, bond and free, rich and poor, bad and good, he used his personal influence so wisely, that he was soon the inspecting physicioan of three prions, among them La Force "

1) Narrator 2) This is telling us whats going on with the doctor, he has become a doctor at La Force which means that as long as he is there Darnay is ensured some form of safety and security he is no longer going to be in solitary confinement 3) this is important because it gives us hope that Darnay is going to be okay he is going to get through this alive and Manette is going to be able to do something

"The appearance of a lady dressed in black, who was leaning in the embrasure of a window, and she had a light shining upon her golden hair.. "

1) Narrator 2) This is while Darnay is locked up in solitary confinment looking out the window the see the figure of Lucie, the book never really tells us that the figure is Lucie but we know solely by the golden hair that the person is Darnay's wife 3) This is important because it tells the reader that Lucie still truly loves Darnay and is willing to risk pretty much anything to just see the shadow of her husband, this is also important to the way that Darnay is feeling because after seeing his wife he can kind of get a boost of happiness to know that all is well with her and im sure it would just be nice to see her

"A throng of people came pouring around the cornet by the prison wall, in the midst of whom was the wood-sawyer hand in hand wiht the Vengeance there could be not fewer than 5000 people and they were dancing like 5000 demons. there was no other music than their own singing "

1) Narrator 2) This when Lucie and little Lucie are walking and people are dancing the Carmagnole, they are like a mob of happy revolutionaries althought to Lucie this isn't happy at all its just a creepy almost flash mob 3) this is important because it shows the control and overwhelming power the revolutionaries have as well as how many followers they have in comparison to those who don't want anything to do with them who pretty much are all locked up at this point

"That was all the writing. It was so much, however, to her who recieved it, that she turned from Defarge to his wife, and kissed one of the hands that knitted. It was a passionate, loving, thankful, womanly action, but the hand made no response-dropped cold and heavy, and tool to its knitting again. "

1) Narrator 2) When the Defarges come to see lucie and her family to "familiarize" themselves with their faces and Lucie is trying to be kind to the woman who kind of holds the fait of her husband in her hands but mms Defarge wants nothing to do with it 3) This is significant because it shows the coldness and hatred mme Defarge has for all that are related to Darnay.

"No sooner was the acquittal pronounced then tears were shed as freely as blood at another time, and such fraternal embraces were bestowed upon the prisoner as many of both sexes could rush at him that after his long and unwholesome confinement "

1) Narrator 2) this is right after Darnay is pronounced innocent 3) This is important because Darnay got off hes not going to die and the tables have turned yet again instead of the audience wanting to rip him limb from limb for being a traitor they are running up to him happy for him wanting to congrajulate him

"that i heard strange feet upon the stairs" "

1) Narrator 2) this is right after Darnay is pronounced innocent and right before his is taken again 3) This is significant because this phrase has been repeated many times but this is the first time there has actually been something to worry about

"Certain small packets were made and given to him. He put them, one by one, in the breast of his inner coat, counted out the money for them, and diliberaely left the shop." There is nothing more to do" said he, glancing upwart at the moon "

1) Narrator/Carton 2) This is when carton goes to the medicine shop to get the drugs that he is going to use on Darnay in order to switch places with him

"I am the resurrection and the life, saith the Lord; he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in me, shall never die "

1) Narrator/Carton 2) this is the quote that was spoken at Carton's dad's funeral and its telling about how Jesus died for people and was ressurected and this is what we hope is whats going to happen for Carton

"Well! Truly it is against rule. But he is denounces-and gravely-by the citizen and citizeness Defarge. and by one other" "

1) One of the revolutionaries who come to pick up Darnay 2) this is when Darnay is being taken away and Manette is curious as to who is denouncing him 3) this quote give some irony because Manette who is so curious and upset at this ends up being the third person to denounce Darnay, whether or not he wants to

"Openly, President." "by whom?" "Three voices. Ernest Defarge, wine-vendore of St. Antoine. "Good" "Therese Defarge, his wife." "Good" "Alexandre Manette, physician" "

1) Prosecutor/President 2) This is during Darnay's second trial of bk 3 and this is when we learn that Manette is the third person who is going to convict Darnay and Manette freaks out as to the people but this is what sparks the relapse of Manette later when is is seen looking for his tool bench

"The wives and mothers we have been used to see, since we were little as this child, and much less, have not been greatly considered? We have known their husbands and fathers laid in prison and kept from them, often enough? All our lives, we have seen our sister-women suffer, in themselves and in their children, poverty, nakedness, hunger, thirst, sickness, misery, oppression and neglect of all kinds?" "We have seen nothing else" "

1) The vengeance and mme Defarge 2) they are talking when they are leaving lucies house they are talking about their childhood infront of Lucie and her child almost like its one whole big inside joke 3) This is foreshadowing for the real story of mme Defarge's childhood it gives us a little hint as to what she went through in a way that seemed to be putting down Lucie and her childhood acting like she doesnt understand or know everything because she didnt have a tortured childhood.

"I call myself the Samson of the firewood guillotine. See here again! Loo, loo, loo; Loo, loo, loo! And off her head comes! Now, a child. Tickle, tickle; Pickle, pickle! And off its head comes. All the family! "

1) The woodcutter (the old mender of roads) 2) This is when Lucie and Little Lucie are walking down the streets and happen to pass him while he is cutting wood, he is pretending to cut off the heads of Lucie and her daughter as they are walking by 3) Its important because again it shows peoples lack of simple care for other people this man is chopping wood pretending hes cutting off peoples heads...that says a lot about the time

Infractions

A breaking of laws or obligations Syn: violation, transgression offense Think like 3 strikes your out three of these same concept

What is the "car of triumph" (267) used to carry Darnay away from the prison? How does he feel while he is being carried by the mob?

A chair with a red flag over it and a pike with a red cap attached to the back. He is confused and imagines he is in a tumbril on his way to the guillotine.

In lines 204 - 209 what type of comparison is used for Caesar? Identify the literary/rhetorical techniques present in this passage

A deer being hunted. metaphor

Antony

A friend of Caesar. Caesars right hand man. Ruler of Rome after Caesar's death. He gives a rousing speech to the masses which causes riots in Rome. Brutus and Cassius are chased out of the city in the ensuing chaos, and Antony forms the second triumvirate with Octavius and Lepidus.

satire

A literary style used to poke fun at, attack, or ridicule an idea, vice, or foible, often for the purpose of inducing change

Cassius

A man opposed to Caesar. He assembles the conspirators and is the man who convinces Brutus to kill Caesar. He commits suicide at the battle of Philippi after falsely thinking his army has been defeated.

Jacques Three

A member of the revolutionary tribunal who sentences Darnay to death. He and Vengeance are accomplices of Madame Defarge.

Summary Book 3: Chapter 6: Triumph

A motley and bloodthirsty crowd assembles at the trial of Charles Darnay. When Doctor Manette is announced as Darnay's father-in-law, a happy cry goes up among the audience. The court hears testimony from Darnay, Manette, and Gabelle, establishing that Darnay long ago had renounced his title out of disapproval of the aristocracy's treatment of peasants. These factors, in addition to Darnay's status as the son-in-law of the much-loved martyr Manette, persuade the jury to acquit him. The crowd carries Darnay home in a chair on their shoulders.

What weapons is Madame Defarge carrying?

A pistol in her skirt and a dagger at her waist.

Cinna the Poet

A poet who is beaten and possibly killed because he has the same name as one of the conspirators and writes bad verses.

What is the Carmagnole, and why is Lucie so afraid of it?

A revolutionary song. The people work themselves into a frenzy as a way of "angering the blood, bewildering the senses, and steeling the heart." The dance has the people completely giving over to impulse and potential violence.

Act 3 scene 2

A servant enters bearing Mark Antony's request that he be permitted to come to them and "be resolved / How Caesar hath deserved to lie in death." Brutus grants the plea and Antony enters. Antony gives a farewell address to the dead body of Caesar; Antony pretends a reconciliation with the conspirators, shakes the hand of each of them, and requests permission to make a speech at Caesar's funeral. This Brutus grants him, in spite of Cassius' objections. Antony begs pardon of Caesar's dead body for his having been "meek and gentle with these butchers." He predicts that "Caesar's spirit, ranging for revenge," will bring civil war and chaos to all of Italy. A servant enters then and says that Octavius Caesar is seven leagues(21 miles) from Rome, but that he is coming. Antony tells the young man that he is going into the marketplace to "try, / In my oration, how the people take / The cruel issue of these bloody men." He wants the servant to witness his oration to the people so that he can relate to Octavius how they were affected. Brutus and Cassius enter forum and divide the crowd giving separate speeches. He then sets before them his reasons for the murder of Caesar and points out that documentation exists in the Capitol that support his claims. The citizens are convinced and at the end of his oration, cheer him with emotion and are willing to crown Brutus. He then directs them to listen to Antony's funeral oration. Antony indicates that, like Brutus, he will deliver a reasoned oration. He refers to Brutus' accusation that Caesar was ambitious, acknowledges that he speaks with "honorable" Brutus' permission, and proceeds to counter all of Brutus' arguments. Antony reads Caesars will stating they will receive 75 drachmas (silver coins) and usage and walks in his private land (which will be made into public parks). The crowd begins to be swayed by Brutus logic and Antony's emotion. Roman people are ultimately turned into an unruly mob calling for the blood of the conspirators by mention of Caesar's generosity in leaving money and property to the people of Rome, and by the spectacle of Caesar's bleeding body, which Antony unveils. Antony reads Caesars will stating they will receive 75 drachmas (silver coins) and usage and walks in his private land (which will be made into public parks). The crowd begins to be swayed by Brutus logic and Antony's emotion. Roman people are ultimately turned into an unruly mob calling for the blood of the conspirators by mention of Caesar's generosity in leaving money and property to the people of Rome, and by the spectacle of Caesar's bleeding body, which Antony unveils. The mob leaves to cremate Caesar's body with due reverence, to burn the houses of the assassins, and to wreak general destruction. Antony is content; he muses, "Mischief, thou art afoot, / Take thou what course thou wilt!"

Golden thread

A unifying theme of happiness. Lucie: golden hair; golden thread woven into marriage and family life.

What is the Carmagnole?

A wild, crazy, almost violent revolutionary dance.

Monsieur Defarge-

A wine shop owner and revolutionary in the poor Saint Antoine section of Paris, Monsieur Defarge formerly worked as a servant for Doctor Manette. "This wine-shop keeper was a bull-necked, martial-looking man of thirty, and he should have been of a hot temperament, for, although it was a bitter day, he wore no coat, but carried one slung over his shoulder. His shirt-sleeves were rolled up, too, and his brown arms were bare to the elbows. Neither did he wear anything more on his head than his own crisply-curling short dark hair. He was a dark man altogether, with good eyes and a good bold breadth between them. Good-humoured looking on the whole, but implacable-looking, too; evidently a man of a strong resolution and a set purpose; a man not desirable to be met, rushing down a narrow pass with a gulf on either side, for nothing would turn the man."(Dickens 29)

Describe Defarge and his wife Madame Defarge-

A wine shop owner and revolutionary in the poor Saint Antoine section of Paris, Monsieur Defarge formerly worked as a servant for Doctor Manette. Madame Defarge- Wife of Monsieur Defarge, Coughs as a clue to her husband that there are people in the room so he should be careful about what he says. She sees everything without looking meaning she knows what is happening but won't say she saw it. She knits. "This wine-shop keeper was a bull-necked, martial-looking man of thirty, and he should have been of a hot temperament, for, although it was a bitter day, he wore no coat, but carried one slung over his shoulder. His shirt-sleeves were rolled up, too, and his brown arms were bare to the elbows. Neither did he wear anything more on his head than his own crisply-curling short dark hair. He was a dark man altogether, with good eyes and a good bold breadth between them. Good-humoured looking on the whole, but implacable-looking, too; evidently a man of a strong resolution and a set purpose; a man not desirable to be met, rushing down a narrow pass with a gulf on either side, for nothing would turn the man."(Dickens 29)"Madame Defarge was a stout woman of about his own age, with a watchful eye that seldom seemed to look at anything, a large hand heavily ringed, a steady face, strong features, and great composure of manner. There was a character about Madame Defarge, from which one might have predicated that she did not often make mistakes against herself in any of the reckonings over which she presided. Madame Defarge being sensitive to cold, was wrapped in fur, and had a quantity of bright shawl twined about her head, though not to the concealment of her large earrings. Her knitting was before her, but she had laid it down to pick her teeth with a toothpick. Thus engaged, with her right elbow supported by her left hand, Madame Defarge said nothing when her lord came in, but coughed just one grain of cough. This, in combination with the lifting of her darkly defined eyebrows over her toothpick by the breadth of a line, suggested to her husband that he would do well to look round the shop among the customers, for any new customer who had dropped in while he stepped over the way."(Dickens 29-30)

Lucie Manette-

A young French woman who grew up in England, Lucie was raised as a ward of Tellson's Bank because her parents were assumed dead. Dickens depicts Lucie as an archetype of compassion. Her love has the power to bind her family together—the text often refers to her as the "golden thread." Lorry meets her to tell her that her father has been in prison for 18 years not dead and she must recall him to life. "As his eyes rested on a short, slight, pretty figure, a quantity of golden hair, a pair of blue eyes that met his own with an inquiring look, and a forehead with a singular capacity."(Dicken 18)

Why does Caesar say what he does when Brutus stabs him?

Brutus betrayal comes as a shock; Caesar thought Brutus loved him as he loved Brutus. This makes Brutus's betrayal seem especially heartless.

Why is Cassius mad at Brutus?

Brutus condemned and disgraced Lucius Pella for taking bribes from the Sardinians, and he ignored Cassius' letters

What new information does Lorry receive about Jerry, and what is his reaction?

After learning that Jerry is a grave robber he responds with disgust inquiring why such a man would be involved in Tellson's.

What decree is passed by the revolutionary government of France the same day that Darnay leaves the safety of England to travel to Paris?

All emigrants are banished, and the revolutionaries can sell the emigrants' property. If they return to France, they are condemned to death.

But for your words, they rob the Hybla bees, and leave them honeyless."

Allusion

"Fates, we will know your pleasures./That we shall dies, we know; 'tis but the time,/And drawing days out, that men stand upon." (Mark 2)

Allusion and apostrophe

What does "in secret" mean?

Alone in solitary confinement

Charles Darnay

Born into the aristocratic Evermonde family. He is the nephew of the Marquis, but is the polar opposite in his beliefs. He can't stand how his family has treated the people. He despises how all of his family's prosperity came from the oppression and suffering of others. He is noble and courageous even revealing his real name to Dr. Manette, and travelling to Paris to save Gabelle.

Jarvis Lorry

An elderly business man who works for Tellson's Bank. He has been "man of business" as long as he can remember. He is a loyal friend to the Manette family as he brought the young Lucie Manette over to England. He is the first one to state the common quote and theme in the book, "Recalled to Life."

Jarvis Lorry-

An elderly businessman who works for Tellson's Bank, Mr. Lorry is a very business-oriented bachelor with a strong moral sense and a good, honest heart. He proves trustworthy and loyal, and Doctor Manette and Lucie come to value him as a personal friend."He had a healthy colour in his cheeks, and his face, though lined, bore few traces of anxiety. But, perhaps the confidential bachelor clerks in Tellson's Bank were principally occupied with the cares of other people; and perhaps second-hand cares, like second-hand clothes, come easily off and on."(Dickens 16)

Jerry

An odd-job man for Tellson's Bank, Cruncher is gruff, short-tempered, superstitious, and uneducated. He supplements his income by working as a"Resurrection-Man," one who digs up dead bodies and sells them to scientists. "He had eyes that assorted very well with that decoration, being of a surface black, with no depth in the colour or form, and much too near together—as if they were afraid of being found out in something, singly, if they kept too far apart. They had a sinister expression, under an old cocked-hat like a three-cornered spittoon, and over a great muffler for the chin and throat, which descended nearly to the wearer's knees." (Dickens 11)

How does Cassius appeal to Brutus' sense of family honor?

Ancestor of brutus took down the kings long before caesar so he is basically saying its in your blood

Cassius does not provide factual reasoning as to why Caesar should not be king? How does Cassius present him as unfit to rule?

Anecdotes and facts about behaviors and other things to depict him as weak. look at 1208 his speech

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, It was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair,"Name 5 devices

Antithesis, paradox, parallelism, asyndeton, anaphora

"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;"Who says?

Antony

"villains, you did not so when your vile daggers hacked one another in the sides of Caesar"

Antony

Who has replaced Caesar as the most powerful man in Rome by the end of Act III?

Antony

"This is a slight, unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands. Is it fit, the threefold world divided, he should stand one of the three to share it?"

Antony about Lepidus

To which qualities and actions of Caesar's does Antony refer in Scene ii, lines 83-95?

Antony described those acts of Caesar that benefited Rome: his sympathy for the poor and his refusal of the crown.

What instructions does Carton give to Lorry?

He gives Lorry papers allowing Lucie, Mr. Manette, and Little Lucie to leave the city. He then provided his own papers refusing to explain why.

Where does Carton go? Why?

He goes to the Defarge's wine shop. He needs to know that people will mistake him for Darnay so that the switch works effectively.

Lines 195 - 205 are spoken aloud, but could Antony really have a different motive? What do the conspirators think of him and his show of grief? What do you think of his explanation in lines 198-199?

Antony wants to seek vengeance on the conspirators but he has to strategize how to do it "Had I as many eyes as thou hast wounds,/Weeping as fast as they stream forth thy blood,/It would become me better than to close/In terms of friendship with thine enemies." (Shakespeare 3.1.200-203). Mark Antony is attempting to become friendly with the conspirators in order to save himself from the same fate as Caesar so that he can speak at Caesar's funeral. The conspirators are accepting of his grief and but are unsure of wether he can be trusted to follow them after being so loyal to Caesar. In order to assure Cassius that he is trustworthy, Mark Antony justifies his grieving of Caesar by describing it as a friendly gesture that even Caesar's enemies would agree with.

Who are the members of the second triumvirate?

Antony, Octavius, Lepidus

Act 4 scene 1

Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus meet to discuss which people should be included on their list of condemned people who will be executed. After Antony sends Lepidus on an errand to bring back Caesar's will, Antony explains that Lepidus is useful only as a tool, someone to be used, he also compares him to a ass and a horse. Antony and Octavius decide to increase their preparation for battle with the armies of Brutus and Cassius. The men plan to discuss how to deal with the many enemies they have, both secret and open.

"O, mighty Caesar"

Apostrophe

logos

Appeal based on logic or reason

pathos

Appeal to emotion

ethos

Appeal to ethics.

Because he was a(n) __________, Darnay was told he needed an escort to Paris.

Aristocrat

"O Caesar, read mine first, for mine's a suit that touches Caesar nearer. Read it, great Caesar."Who says?

Artemidorus

Act 2 Scene 3

Artemidorus knows of the conspiracy and writes a letter to Caesar to warn him

Chapter 1 book 2

As its title promises, this brief chapter establishes the era in which the novel takes place: England and France in 1775. The age is marked by competing and contradictory attitudes—"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times"—but resembles the "present period" in which Dickens writes. In England, the public worries over religious prophecies, popular paranormal phenomena in the form of "the Cock-lane ghost," and the messages that a colony of British subjects in America has sent to King George III. France, on the other hand, witnesses excessive spending and extreme violence, a trend that anticipates the erection of the guillotine. Yet in terms of peace and order, English society cannot "justify much national boasting" either—crime and capital punishment abound.

"Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils,/ Shrunk to this little measure?"

Asyndeton

How does the meaning of the line "Brutus is an honorable man" change during Antony's funeral speech?

At first, it appears as though Antony sincerely refers to Brutus as honorable. However, as the line is repeated, it becomes clear that Antony is using it as a rhetorical device to discredit Brutus...and it works brilliantly.

direct characterization

Author directly describes character

indirect characterization

Author subtly reveals the character through actions and interactions.

Who, besides Carton, helps Darnay escape?

Barsad

List the three "cards" Carton holds which will force Barsad to help him with his plan to free Darnay.

Barsad is using a false name; he has been employed in the past by the aristocratic English govt; Barsad could be suspected of being a spy for England against the French Republic

Who is watching the tumbrils?

Barsad is watching the tumbrils to make sure that Carton kept their deal, and didn't betray them.

Why have Mr. Lorry and Ms. Manette come to Defarge's wine shop?-

Because Defarge is the old servant of Dr. Manette who has been taking care of him.

Why do the men in the wine shop refer to each other as Jacques?-

Because this was a term used for revolutionaries '"How goes it, Jacques?" said one of these three to Monsieur Defarge. "Is all the spilt wine swallowed?" "How's it going, Jacques?" said one of the three to Monsieur Defarge. "Has all the spilled wine been drunk?" "Every drop, Jacques," answered Monsieur Defarge."'(Dickens 30)

Brutus

Best friend to Caesar. A noble Roman opposed to Caesar. He is an idealist who upholds honor above everything else. He only agrees to kill Caesar after becoming convinced that it is necessary for the Roman Republic. He dies on the battlefield by impaling himself on his own sword.

To what different aspects of human nature do Brutus and Antony appeal?

Brutus appeals to reason, while Antony appeals to emotion.

Roger Cly

British spy who faked his death and fled to France. He was once the servant Charles Darnay, and testified against him at the Old Bailey. He worked as a spy for England while in France.

What is the relationship between John Barsad and Miss Pross? How has he harmed her in the past? Where has Sydney Carton seen him before?

Brother and sister. He left her destitute. He testified against Darnay at the first trial.

"I slew my best lover for the good of Rome, I have the same dagger for myself, when it shall please my country to need my death" Who says?

Brutus

"O Julius Caesar, thou art mighty yet! Thy spirit walks abroad and turns our swords in our own proper entrails"

Brutus

Who says?"Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more."

Brutus

Who stabs Caesar last?

Brutus

Who wins the argument about battle strategy?

Brutus

Act 5 Scene 2

Brutus gives Messala instructions for the army to attack Octavius' forces, believing those forces are faltering and can be defeated with a sudden attack.

"Let me tell you, Cassius, you yourself are much condemned to have an itching palm to sell and mart your offices for gold to underserves."

Brutus to Cassius

Act 2 Scene 1

Brutus is in a civil war with him self he is unable to sleep or decide what to do "Between the acting of a dreadful thing/And the first motion, all the interim is/Like a phantasma or a hideous dream./The genius and the mortal instruments/Are then in council, and the state of man,/Like to a little kingdom, suffers then/The nature of an insurrection." he is living a indecisive nightmare. Cassius, Casca, Decius, Cinna, Metellus Cimber, and Trebonius arrived wearing cloaks and hiding their faces as they come to brutus' house. Cassius suggests they take an oath and brutus rejects that immediately the other conspirators back brutus up. Cassius suggests they include cicero and brutus rejects that immediately the other conspirators back brutus up. Cassius suggests they should anthony too and brutus rejects that immediately the other conspirators back brutus up. Brutus tells the men to act naturally if you don't then your drawing attention to it "Good gentlemen, look fresh and merrily./Let not our looks put on our purposes,/But bear it as our Roman actors do,/With untired spirits and formal constancy." After they leave portia his wife comes in disturbed and concerned by her husband's strange behavior. She demands to know what is troubling him. She uses pathos to appeal to him. She also stabs her self in the leg. Portia leaves and Caius ligarius enters, he is sick but he states to follow Brutus in his noble endeavor, "I here discard my sickness."

Once again, Brutus ignores Cassius' objections. What does his trust in Antony reveal about his character?

Brutus is too trusting of others which allows him to be easily manipulated as we have seen in past scenes

Act 5 scene 5

Brutus tries, one by one, to persuade his companions to help him end his life, but each refuses. The enemy's forces approach, so Brutus' friends must retreat. Brutus stays behind with Strato, who does help him to kill himself. Antony, Octavius, and others find Strato with the body of Brutus. Octavius takes Strato into his service. Antony eulogizes Brutus as a noble Roman, and Octavius agrees to give him an honorable burial.

How does Brutus answer Cassius?

Brutus says he will speak first and tell the crowd that Antony speaks with the conspirators' permission.

In Scene i why does Brutus brush aside Cassius's concern about allowing Antony to speak at the funeral?

Brutus seems to be genuinely politically naïve, although intelligent, and reacts to situations with reason. After careful consideration, he reasons that if he speaks with the crowd first, they will agree with the conspirators and nothing Antony says can change their minds.

Act 4 Scene 2

Brutus waits for Cassius to meet him at his military camp. Brutus expresses his belief that Cassius is not as friendly as he was before. When Cassius arrives, he begins to confront Brutus about the way Brutus has treated him, but Brutus insists that they discuss this inside his tent where the soldiers will not hear their argument.

Who says this? Who is the "him"?

Brutus, Caesar

Who says? Who is the "him"?

Brutus, Caesar

Under what conditions may Antony speak at Caesar's funeral?

He must ask permission before he can say what he wants he is supposed to honor Caesar, and he will speak on the same platform as Brutus once Brutus is done.

" The Gorgon's Head"

allusion to Medusa; Monsieur dies

" I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me"

CARTON

" you have fallen into your rank, and I have fallen into mine"

CARTON TO STRYVER

"Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once"Who says this?

Caesar

Who says?"Et tu, Brute? Then fall Caesar!"

Caesar

Who is Octavius and how has he become involved in the plot?

Caesar asked him to come to rome he is 21 miles away and Antony wants him to stay until he says otherwise i can guess its because he wants him to be his successor and he predicts war is to come so not safe of Octavius

Relate the terms of Caesar's will, and describe the crowd's behavior as Antony ends his speech.

Caesar has left park-like walkways for the people, etc. By this point, the crowd has been whipped into a frenzy and wants to avenge Caesar's death.

In Scene 1 Marullus and Flavius are resisting Caesar they take down decorations and shame citizens for supporting him what happens to them?

Caesar has them executed on the same day that they do this, highlighting Caesar's influence and power

Discuss the 2 allusions Cassius uses (Line 112 and 136) What effect do they have? How do they specifically serve his persuasive goal?

Cassius compared to Aeneas of troy, depicts himself heroic and Caesar as weak. Colossus compared to Caesar highlights greater than everyone and highlights results go his power

Why is Cassius reluctant to allow Antony to speak at Caesar's funeral?

Cassius fears that Antony will move the crowd against the conspirators.

What does Cassius have Cinna do and why is Brutus so important to their plan? And text evidence?

Cassius has Cinna plant papers where Brutus will find them to get Brutus on their side. Brutus is important to their plan because like Caesar he is very well liked and his involvement will justify the assassination. "Oh, he sits high in all the people's hearts,/And that which would appear offense in us,/His countenance, like richest alchemy,/Will change to virtue and to worthiness."

What has happened to move the conspiracy forward by the end of scene 3?

Cassius has planted letters so Brutus will find them and turn on Caesar.

Explain the disagreement that Brutus and Cassius have about the battle strategy?

Cassius idea: better for the enemy to come after us. That way, he'll waste his supplies and tire out his soldiers, weakening his own capacities, while we, lying still, are rested, energetic, and nimble. Brutus idea: Do the opposite. The people who live between here and Philippi are loyal to us only because we force them to be. We made them contribute to our efforts against their will. The enemy, marching past them, will add them to its numbers, then come at us refreshed, newly reinforced, and full of courage. Thus we must cut him off from this advantage. If we meet him at Philippi, these people will be at our backs.

Explain how Popilius' role strengthens the characterization of the conspirators, especially Cassius.

Cassius is paranoid about Popilius talking to Caesar and knowing their plan and Brutus has his stuff together. His role really stresses their need for secrecy in order not to be killed Brutus has faith that he won't say anything because he was manipulated to believe this is what the rome populous wants so they wouldn't tell. And Cassius who knows that this is only what the senate wants is paranoid because if they are found out they are dead.

Read lines 144 - 146. Cassius' words convey/create what?

Cassius says "I wish we may. But yet have "I a mind/That fears him much, and my misgiving still/Falls shrewdly to the purpose." (Shakespeare 3. 1. 144-146) meaning I still don't trust him and I'm usually right about these things.

"Men at some times are masters of their fates./The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves, that we are underlings."

Cassius to Brutus Meaning- You control what happens to you, fate doesn't rule your life, the problem is that we are subject to others. Importance: Cassius trying to convince Brutus to take control of his fate and join conspiracy.

"Have bared my bosom to the thunder-stone;/And when the cross blue lightning seemed to open/ the breast of heaven, I did present myself"

Cassius to Casca Meaning- Something with Zues, Cassius tempts Zues to strike him dead if it is not his will to kill Caesar, Cassius sees the fact that he didn't strike him as confirmation to kill Caesar

" Mount thou my horse, and hide thy spurs in him till he have brought thee up to yonder troops"

Cassius to Titinius

"But for your words, they rob the Hybla bees, and leave them honeyless."

Cassius to antony

"I an itching palm? You know that you are Brutus that speaks this, or, by the gods, this speech were else your last."

Cassius to brutus

"Why man, he doth bestride the narrow world/Like a Colossus, and we petty men/Walk under his huge legs and peepabout/ To find ourselves dishonorable graves."

Cassius to brutus meaning caesar's power is too much

Cassius technique for brutus persuasion

Cassius tries to get Brutus' regard for his word by flattering him and using reverse psychology.

Act 5 scene 3

Cassius' forces are losing their battle, and Antony's troops have set Cassius' tents on fire. Some troops are still among Cassius' tents, so Cassius sends Titinius to get a closer look and come back to report on whether they are friend or enemy.Cassius believes that Titinius has been captured by the enemy, so he asks Pindarus to stab him. Cassius dies, and Pindarus runs away. Titinius returns with Messala. He had actually met Brutus' men, not the enemy. They find Cassius' body, and while Messala goes to notify Brutus, Titinius stabs himself. Messala returns with Brutus and others to find Cassius dead. They mourn him briefly, then return to the battle.

"Who is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak; for him have I offended...."

Epistrophe

Identify Mr stryver describe him physically and his role in this chapter

Charles Darnay's defense in this chapter he cross examined john basad and proved him a liar his description in chapter 5 glib man arrogant

" A Disappointment"

Charles is proven innocent. Carton is upset

Describe Darnay's meeting and conversation with Dr.Manette. why doesn't Dr. Manette want charles to reveal his true name?

Charles wants Dr.Manettes blessing for marrying lucie only if she wants to though and she has to seek him out. and bc he doesn't want to confirm his suspicious about Darnay being apart of the family who sent him to jail

"Remember March, the ides of March remember"

Chiasmus

Cassius' words, "Pardon, Caesar; Caesar, Pardon" at line 55 are an example of which rhetorical technique?

Chiasmus

Pardon, Caesar; Caesar, Pardon"

Chiasmus

Who says? Who is the "him"?

China, Cicero

Act 3 scene 3

Cinna the poet is on his way to attend Caesar's funeral when he is accosted by a group of riotous citizens who demand to know his name, where he is going, where he dwells, and if he is married or a bachelor. He tells them that his name is Cinna and his destination is Caesar's funeral. They mistake him, however, for the conspirator Cinna and move to assault him. He pleads that he is Cinna the poet and not Cinna the conspirator, but they reply that they will kill him anyway because of "his bad verses."

What really happened to Cly?

Cly faked his death, as Jerry tells that Cly's coffin was full of nothing but stones and dirt.

What is a tribunal?

Court held by the revolutionaries to judge the prisoners

What offer does Jerry make to Mr. Lorry?

He offers to give up his job to his son and become a grave digger to fix and make up for all the damage he has done.

omniscient narrator

an all-knowing 3rd person narrator . . . This type of narrator can reveal to readers what the characters think and feel.

" If there were love in the world, I love her"

DARNAY TO DOCTOR

Chapter 18 book 2: Nine Days

Darnay and Doctor Manette converse before going to church for Darnay's wedding to Lucie. Manette emerges "deadly pale" from this meeting. Darnay and Lucie are married and depart for their honeymoon. Almost immediately, a change comes over Manettehe now looks scared and lost. Later that day, Miss Pross and Mr. Lorry discover Manette at his shoemaker's bench, lapsed into an incoherent state. They fear that he will not recover in time to join the newlyweds, as planned, on the honeymoon, and for nine days they keep careful watch over him.

What does Darnay and the Marquis argue about?

Darnay believes that the Marquis tried to get him convicted in that trial

"Triumph"

Darnay goes to trial and is acquitted because Darnay who is much loved by the people defends him and states that he renounced his title in disapproval of the Aristocracy

" Congratulatory"

Darnay is innocent.

How does Dickens remind the reader of Dr. Manette's imprisonment that ended at the beginning of this novel?

Darnay remembers Manette's imprisonment and says to himself, "He made shoes. He made shoes."

" I have long dismissed it from my mind"

Darnay to Carton

" My dear Lorry, it is because I am a frenchman born...."

Darnay to Lorry

Who wins the first trial?

Darnay wins the first trial because he is the son-in-law of Dr. Manette, and the witnesses testimony determines that he renounced his title out of disgust for the aristocrats mistreatment of the peasants.

Lucie Manette-Darnay

Daughter of the physician. She was born in France, but moved to England when both her parents were presumed dead. She was kept in the protection of Tellson's bank. She is a symbol of happiness and goodness in the story and is often referred to as the "Golden Thread," because of her golden locks. In many ways she is the catalyst that holds the family together, and is detrimental to the happiness of her father.

"But when I tell him he hates flatterers, He says he does, being then most flattered"

Decius

What did the letter "E" stand for on the scarf that bound the beautiful young peasant woman?

Evremonde

" He is a good child, this mender of the roads, called Jacques"

Defarge

" Long Live the Devil"

Defarge

Who came to see Lorry after banking hours?

Defarge

Summary Book 3: Chapter 10: The Substance of the Shadow

Defarge claims that Manette wrote the letter while imprisoned in the Bastille, and he reads it aloud. It tells the story of Manette's imprisonment. In 1757, a pair of brothers, one the Marquis Evrémonde (Darnay's father) and the other the next in line to be Marquis (Darnay's uncle, the man who ran over the child with his carriage in Book the Second, Chapter 7), ordered Doctor Manette to care for a young peasant woman, who was dying of a fever, and her brother, who was dying of a stab wound. The Marquis' brother had raped the young woman, killed her husband, and stabbed her brother, who died quickly. Although the woman was still alive, Manette failed to save her life. The next day a kind woman—the Marquis' wife and Darnay's mother—came to Manette's door. Having heard about the horrible things done to the peasant girl and her family, she offers to help the girl's sister, who was hidden away so the Marquis could not find her. Unfortunately, Manette does not know the sister's whereabouts. The next day, Manette was taken away and imprisoned in the Bastille on the orders of the Marquis Evrémonde. After hearing this story, the jury sentences Darnay to death, to pay for the sins of his father and uncle.

Why does Defarge refuse to help Darnay by contacting Mr. Lorry at Tellson's Bank?

Defarge is loyal to the people and against Darnay, an emigrant. In addition, he blames Darnay's uncle for Dr. Manette's imprisonment.

Concrete details

Details in which the words are arranged to suggest visual representation of the subject.

"Fifty Two"

Dickens continues the card motif with the 52 cards in the deck of cards and the 52 people condemned to die that day and how carton/Darnay will be one of the 52

What evidence of nationalistic pride does Dickens reveal in the chapter, "The Knitting Done"?

Dickens is British. Madame Defarge is French. Miss Pross is English. The English beats the French.

In Dr. Manette's letter, who are the two brothers who employ the Doctor?

Evremondes (Darnay's father and uncle).

How does Styrver view his Marriage to lucie? How does this relate to the chapter title?

He only wants Lucie because he thinks she is pretty and he doesn't want to die alone the title reflects on Stryver's idea of a companion for himself and he also describes the perfect companion for Carton

" Nine Days"

Doctor is relapsed for 9 days bc of what Darnay told him on the day of lucies wedding

Charles is denounced by three people. Two are the DeFarges; who is the third?

Dr. Manette

Who did the Marquis have imprisoned at one time?

Dr. Manette

Who is Darnay's third denouncer, who was not named in the previous chapter?

Dr. Manette

Who told Charles what to say at his trial?

Dr. Manette

How does Mr. Lorry learn that Charles is in prison?

Dr. Manette and Lucie show up and tell him

How has the relationship changed between Lucie and Dr. Mannette changed now that they are in Paris and Charles is in jail?

Dr. Manette is the strong one and Lucie is dependent on him

Why don't they leave Paris?

Dr. Manette says it is still too dangerous for Charles

Now that Charles is released from the La Force, why do they not all return immediately to England?

Dr. Manette thinks doing so would be dangerous for Charles.

When the doctor compares the strands of golden hair in his "locket" to Lucie's hair, what is his first conclusion? Does he finally figure out the truth?-

Dr. Manette's first conclusion is that Lucie is his wife. Then he finds out the truth when she tells him

Which members of Darnay's British family came over to try to get Darnay out of Paris?

Dr. Manette, Lucie, and Young Lucie

" It is such an old companion"

Dr. to Lorry

" You, devoted and young, cannot fully appreciate the anxiety I have felt that your life should not be wasted"

Dr. to Lucie

"now, stringing up long rows of miscellaneous criminals; now, hanging a housebreaker on Saturday who had been taken on Tuesday; now, burning people in the hand at Newgate by the dozen, and now burning pamphlets at the door of Westminster Hall; to-day, taking the life of an atrocious murderer, and to-morrow of a wretched pilferer who had robbed a farmer's boy of sixpence."(Dickens 4) —describes where?

ENGLAND

What was Darnay called when he got to France?

Emigrant

"Romans, countrymen, and lovers! hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear: believe me for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor, that you may believe."

Epanalepsis

"...less favoured on the whole as to matters spiritual than her sister of the shield and trident, rolled with exceeding smoothness down hill, making paper money and spending it. Under the guidance of her Christian pastors, she entertained herself, besides, with such humane achievements as sentencing a youth to have his hands cut off, his tongue torn out with pincers, and his body burned alive, because he had not kneeled down in the rain to do honour to a dirty procession of monks which passed within his view, at a distance of some fifty or sixty yards."(Dickens 3) — Describes Where?

FRANCE

Summary Book 3: Chapter 3: The Shadow

Fearing that Lucie and Manette's presence might compromise the bank's business, Lorry ushers Lucie, her daughter, and Miss Pross to a nearby lodging. He leaves Jerry Cruncher to guard them. Back at Tellson's, Defarge approaches Lorry with a message from Manette. Following Manette's instructions, Lorry leads Defarge to Lucie. Defarge claims that Madame Defarge must accompany them, as she will familiarize herself with the faces of Lucie, her daughter, and Miss Pross, in order to better protect them in the future. The woman known as The Vengeance also comes. Upon arriving at the lodging, Defarge gives Lucie a note from the imprisoned Darnay. It urges her to take courage. Turning to Madame Defarge, Lucie begs her to show Darnay some mercy, but Madame Defarge coldly responds that the revolution will not stop for the sake of Lucie or her family.

Act 1 Scene 2

Feast of Lupercal race, Antony is running and Caesar reminds him to touch his wife to make her fertile (superstition) during the race Caesar receives a warning from a soothsay to beware the ides of March. (The middle day of each month was called the ides.) After Caesar leaves, Cassius tries to persuade Brutus to turn against Caesar. He uses flattery and reminds him of his family ancestry and how they all did the same to other tyrants. Caesar returns and mentions to Antony his distrust of Cassius stating "Let me have men about me that are fat;/ Sleek-headed men and such as sleep o' nights:/Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look;/He thinks too much: such men are dangerous." Casca tells Brutus and Cassius the details of Caesar's rejection of a crown offered to him by the people of Rome. Brutus and Cassius agree to meet again to discuss Caesar but brutus is not going to turn against them.

Summary Book 3: Chapter 13: Fifty-two

Fifty-two people have been condemned to die the next day. Darnay resolves to meet his death bravely. Carton appears at the door to Darnay's cell, and Darnay observes something new and bright in Carton's face. Carton tricks Darnay into switching clothes with him, dictates a letter of explanation, and then drugs him with the substance that he had purchased at the chemist's shop. He orders Barsad to carry the unconscious Darnay to the carriage waiting outside Tellson's. At two o'clock, guards take Carton from Darnay's cell, believing him to be Darnay. He stands in the long line of the condemned. A poor seamstress, also falsely sentenced to death, realizes that Carton is not Darnay and asks, "Are you dying for him?" He replies, "And his wife and child." Meanwhile, Barsad delivers the real Darnay to Manette, Lorry, and Lucie, and sends the carriage on its way. Lorry presents the family's papers at the city gates as they leave. They flee through the countryside, fearing pursuit.

What two things does Mr.Lorry do in reaction to the doctors condition?

First is that they must keep his behavior a secret from lucie, second is it must be a secret from all who knew him.

What narrative technique does Dickens employ in the chapter, "The Substance of the Shadow"?

Flashback or reveal by note or other document. Very popular in Victorian times.

Shows 2 ways Cassius attempts to get Brutus' regard for his word before he begins to belittle Caesar.

Flattering him and appealing to Brutus' political ideals

What does jerry cruncher object to his wife doing? Why?

Flopping/praying bc he thinks she does it against him so he will not succeed in his job

What does Darnay have to buy in prison?

Food and guards (and he gives money for food to the poorer prisoners)

Summary Book 3: Chapter 4: Calm in Storm

Four days later, Manette returns from La Force. Lorry notes a change in the once-fragile Manette, who now seems full of strength and power. Manette tells him that he has persuaded the Tribunal, a self-appointed body that tries and sentences the revolution's prisoners, to keep Darnay alive. Moreover, he has secured a job as the inspecting physician of three prisons, one of which is La Force. These duties will enable him to ensure Darnay's safety. Time passes, and France rages as though in a fever. The revolutionaries behead the king and queen, and the guillotine becomes a fixture in the Paris streets. Darnay remains in prison for a year and three months.

Who comes to arrest Darnay again? Who has denounced him?

Four men with red caps (revolutionaries). Both Monsieur and Madame Defarge denounce Charles and one unnamed person.

"The Vengeance"

Friend to Madame Defarge.

Why does Jerry Cruncher change his mind about his wife's flopping?

Frightened for his life, he changes his priorities about his life, including finding comfort in his wife's praying now.

What happens at Charles first tribunal?

Gabelle and Manette testify for him, he is released

What evidence is presented by the witnesses in Darnay's defense? (first trial at the tribunal)

Gabelle confirms Darnay's story that he wrote to Darnay for help. Dr. Manette testifies that Darnay is his friend, a devoted husband, and not in favor with the aristocratic govt. of England since he has been tried by them for treason.

What feelings does Monsieur the marquis have toward the child his carriage has run down? According to the Marquis who is to blame for the child's death?

He doesn't care about the kid he only is worried about his horses he blames the people for the child's death bc they let him run around everywhere instead of getting out of the way chapter 7

Jerry Cruncher says if he gives up grave robbing he will become a

Gravedigger

In France what was the common punishment for not kneeling to honor monks?

Hands cutoff, tongue torn out with pincers and body burned alive "she entertained herself, besides, with such humane achievements as sentencing a youth to have his hands cut off, his tongue torn out with pincers, and his body burned alive, because he had not kneeled down in the rain to do honour to a dirty procession of monks which passed within his view, at a distance of some fifty or sixty yards."(Dickens 3)

What is the significance of the words Carton murmurs against Lucie's cheek when he kisses her, "A life you love"? (309)

Harkens back to when Carton confessed his love to Lucie, he promised that he would give his life so she could keep a life she loves. Carton is making good on that promise.

What does Jerry ask him.

He asks him if his name is John Solomon or Solomon John.

What favor does Carton ask of Darnay? How does Darnay respond?

He asks if he could come over once in a while and just be around with Charles and Lucie. He wants to be his friend too. Dragnet believed that they were already friends

Why didn't Lorry want to keep Lucie at the bank?

He believed it might hurt business, so he moves her to a nearby lodging.

Why is Mr. Manette crying?

He believes Darnay's death is his fault.

Why wasn't Mr. Manette afraid for himself?

He believes that there is no patriot who would hurt him knowing that he was a prisoner in the Bastille.

What does stryver call carton? Why would stryver call him this?

He calls him memory because carton remembers everything about the case and stryver preforms it for the audience

Why does Dr. Manette believe his past imprisonment "all tended to a good end, ...it was not mere waste and ruin"? (252).

He can now help his son-in-law because of his past suffering. He wants to use influence for good.

How does John Barsad help Carton with his plan to save Darnay?

He carries the unconscious Darnay out to the waiting carriage (helps with the escape).

What does Antony say about the assassins in lines 171-194?

He describes the wounds made by Cassius and Brutus on Caesar's body. Brutus's wound was "the unkindest cut of all" because Caesar loved him best. He ends by calling the assassins "traitors."

Flavius tells Marullus to make sure that none of Caesars statues are decorated

He does this because it will help take away Caesar's support and keep him weak.

Describe the Doctor's physical appearance. What does this say about his prison experience?-

He had a horrible time in prison he was beaten and broken he is unable to remember anything good from before prison. "He had a white beard, raggedly cut, but not very long, a hollow face, and exceedingly bright eyes. The hollowness and thinness of his face would have caused them to look large, under his yet dark eyebrows and his confused white hair, though they had been really otherwise; but, they were naturally large, and looked unnaturally so. His yellow rags of shirt lay open at the throat, and showed his body to be withered and worn. He, and his old canvas frock, and his loose stockings, and all his poor tatters of clothes, had, in a long seclusion from direct light and air, faded down to such a dull uniformity of parchment-yellow, that it would have been hard to say which was which."(Dickens 37)

How long has Darnay been in prison?

He had been in prison for a year and three months.

How does Cassius drive the action in Act 1? What steps has he taken to reach his goal?

He has been the main conspirator he is driving the resistance of Caesar and turning everyone against him. He has planted letters so Brutus will find them and turn on Caesar.

What new does Mr. Manette bring Lucie after Madame Defarge leaves?

He informs her that he will be taken to the Conciergerie and be tried by the tribunal.

Solomon Pross

He is a duplicitous British spy who goes by the alias "John Barsad." He is the brother of Miss Pross. He like Roger Cly testified against Darnay at the Old Bailey. He flees to France to avoid persecution from the people in England. He worked as a spy for England while in France.

What do we learn about Jerry? How?

He is a grave robber, he knows Cly, the other spy working with Barsad, is not dead because he dug up his grave

What does Carton learn at the wine shop?

He overhears Madame Defarges plan to accuse Lucie and Mr. Manette of SPYING and to accuse Little Lucie as well.

Where does Carton want Barsad to go?

He wants Barsad to come with to Tellson's so that he can hear his plan to save Darnay. He wants Barsad because Barsad is a turn-key and can get him into the prison easily. Carton threatens to expose Barsad as a spy to the revolutionaries if he doesn't cooperate.

What happens to Charles when he enters France?

He is arrested and put in jail

Does Brutus actually see Caesar's ghost or is it a dream? Justify your answer?

He is awake and actually sees his ghost Lucius was playing the lute but fell asleep so Brutus started reading trying to fall asleep

Why is Charles returning to France?

He is going to help Gabelle who has been put in prison.

What is Dr. Manette doing when they enter the room?-

He is making a pair of women's shoes

How many times is Caesar offered the crown? why do you think he refuses it at first?

He is offered it 3 times. He refuses it because he needs to keep his popularity up and when it was offered the crowd stopped cheering so he knew if he accepted he would lose people's support.

Provide a line by line reading and interpretation of Cassius' closing soliloquy lines 308-322

He is planing on planting writings to have brutus find them and get him on his side.

What does Caesar think of Cassius? How do we know? What does his opinion show about Caesar's character?

He is power hungry wants change in government. Cassius will never be content with Caesar. Caesars opinion:"Let me have men about me that are fat,/Sleek-headed men, and such as sleep o' nights./Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look;/He thinks too much, such men are dangerous."

What is the Triumph referred to in the title of Chapter 6?

He is rearrested.

Why is Darnay forced to return to France? Explain the circumstances surrounding this dangerous decision in detail.

He is responsible for Gabelle in prison he gave up his title and property it went to Gabelle he feels guilty he will be caught and if he is then he will be killed bc of the dislike of his family.

What is Cassius' reaction to Antony's words, as evident at line 211 and 214-217?

He is shocked that he would describe it so wrongfully Antony responds stating it is just a assessment of what I'm seeing. Cassius responds confused with Antony's motives with the conspirators are they going to agree on peace or go separate ways "But what compact mean you to have with us?/Will you be pricked in number of our friends?/Or shall we on, and not depend on you?" (Shakespeare 3.1.215-217).

What aspect of Doctor Manette's character is revealed in the chapter, "Calm in Storm"?

He is strong and calm. He does not relapse despite all the chaos.

Which characteristics of Cassius are shown in lines 232-235?

He is suspicious and not trusting of Antony he believes Antony can affected the people so much that it ruins everything for them.

Stryver

He is the "lion." He is a bombastic and overconfident lawyer who works with Carton. He takes all the credit for the cases even though Carton is the true mastermind. He plans to propose to Lucie but is deterred by Lorry who informs him that Lucie doesn't like him. He is crushed because he can't understand why anyone wouldn't marry him because of his success.

Octavius

He is the heir to Rome because he is Caesars nephew and adopted son. A ruler of Rome after Caesar's death. He is a young general who joins the second triumvirate. He and Antony fight against Brutus and Cassius; he historically becomes the future emperor of Rome.

"The Wood-Sawyer"

He is the man lucie meets when trying to see Darnay through a small prison window and he is sawing wood pretending his saw is a Mini-guillotine.

Who is Charles Darnay? Describe him and his role in this chapter.

He is the prisoner young sun burned cheek dark hair self possessed (my page 56)

What is Jerry crunchers reaction to the mob violence?

He joins in

Why is Brutus' request ironic?

He just made this whole big thing about not being corrupt through bribes and then he asks Cassius for money

What is Titanius reaction to Cassius actions?

He kills himself he feels guilty because cassius sent him to find out who there enemies were and he failed.

At line 220, what does Antony reiterate?

He loves them as friends but he wants proof that killing Caesar was a noble move

What does Cruncher promise?

He promises that if his friends escape he will stop interfering with Mrs. Cruncher's prayer.

How does Stryver react to the certainty that his suit will fail? Describe Lorry's reaction and comments made regarding Lucie and her happiness. What does this reveal?

He reacts poorly he calls lucie a fool bc he believes anyone with reason be honored to have him. Lorry believes that the "young lady goes before all" this shows how much he cares for lucie happiness in response to this striver calls her a fool this reveals how stryver only wants lucie bc she is basically charming and that is it no reasoning of love for her.

What effect does this have upon Mr. Manette?

He reacts with shock and disbelief and he denies that he ever denounced Darnay. Defarge then directs attention to a letter he found in the doctor's cell.

Jerry Cruncher knew Roger Cly was not dead. How did he know that?

He robbed his grave, but it was empty.

What did Lorry see when he looked out one of the windows?

He saw that people were sharpening their blood covered weapons on a grindstone outside. They were then killing the prisoners at La Force

How does he get Barsad to go along with his plan?

He says he will denounce him as a spy

What does carton say he would do if lucie should love him?

He says he would do anything for her and for her family

At Caesar's funeral in Scene ii, what reasons does Brutus offer for the assassination?

He says that Caesar was killed because he was ambitious and his tyranny would have made the Romans slaves.

Of what does Brutus accuse Cassius?

He says that Cassius, has been called greedy or having a "itching palm" and giving positions in Cassius' army to undeserving men in exchange for gold.

What information does Carton give to Lorry after Barsad leaves?

He says that he has arranged a time to visit Darnay before his approaching execution.

What comfort did Carton give the seamstress?

He says that he is not afraid to die and when she realizes it's not Darnay she realizes he is dying for the Manettes.

Why do you think Defarge shows Dr. Manette to the Jacques?-

He shows them Dr. Manette because Dr. Manette has endured so much cruelty because of the government that he may symbolize some inspiration

Describe Brutus' state of mind in this scene pertaining to the assassination. What does his soliloquy at the beginning of the first scene suggest?

He suggest that he has no personal problems with Caesar just concern for general welfare in Rome

What request does Carton make of Mr. Lorry?

He tells Lorry not to tell Lucie of his plan to visit Darnay because she may think they arranging to kill Darnay before the guillotine.

How does Carton comfort the young girl?

He tells her that she will see her husband and son because there is no time in heaven.

What does Lorry require Lucie to do?

He tells here to go to the back of the bank so he and Mr. Manette can talk privately.

What does Charles Darnay tell the Doctor on the morning of his marriage to Lucie?

He tells him his present name, and his whole history, and how he got to England. He is appart of the family who had Doctor Manette imprisoned.

In his talk with Lucie, what is Carton's opinion of himself?

He thinks of himself has worthless he has no confidence in himself therefore he never reaches out bc he believes no one will like him

How does Artemidorus structure his letter? Summarize each portion/point within his letter?

He uses parallelism he warns Caesar of who the conspirators are. Then he says you are not immortal look around you and don't go.

How are Casca's lines on page 787 different from the rest of Shakespeare's text? Why do you believe he choose to alter his style here?

He uses prose to indicate shift before Casca was vague and had no opinion highlighting his fear of having a opinion "hanged" he shifts to prose which is where he shares his opinion.

What does the Defarge demand to see during the storming of the Bastille?

He wanted to be take to One Hundred and Five North Tower at a cell. He wanted to search the cell for anything possibly traitorous that Manette could've written in prison

What request does Brutus make of Clitus? what is his response?

He wants him to kill him so he doesn't have to do it himself. Clitus would rather Kill himself?

What promises carton make lucie? where do you think this promise will leave him?

He'll sacrifice himself for her and anyone she loves. It'll lead him to becoming a better man.

How does Brutus respond to Cassius' persuasion?

He's gonna think about it Look at line 163 he is saying I have some guesses as to what you want me to do this is inversion

Who was the other patient the young Dr. Manette attended that fateful night?

Her brother

What news does Lorry have for the young lady?

Her father wasn't dead he was sent to Bastille

Why does the woman in the journal count to twelve over and over as part of her feverish ravings?

Her husband died while the clock was striking 12.

What memory does carton went to take with him?

Him telling lucie how he feels about her

Charles meets with his uncle the Marquis and informs him that he renounces his name and property?

His name is associated with a much hated family at the time and he doesn't want to be known for what they do he also wants to marry lucie but can't until he is rid of his name

What, most likely, is Carton's plan to save Darnay? How has this been foreshadowed?

His plan is to switch places with Darnay. This has been foreshadowed in three ways: Carton's similar looks to Darnay, saved Darnay from death before (the English trial), the promise he made to Lucie, and the fact that Barsad's job is to smuggle Carton into Darnay's cell.

Gaspard

His son is run over by the Marquis. He throws the coin, which was given as compensation for his son's death back to the Marquis. He then rides underneath the carriage to the Marquis' Chateau were he assassinates him later that night. He is then arrested and hung above the fountain in a cage were he meets his death. He writes the message "BLOOD" on a wall with the spilled wine. This foreshadows the revolution.

What kind of list are the three making at the beginning of the scene?

Hit list they are going to execute all conspirators and anyone who poses a threat to their new power

What does Brutus ask Voluminous to do? what reasons does he give? what is voluminius' response?

Hold his sword as he runs upon it because ghost of caesar and is his time to die, he says no friends don't kill friends

What does Strato do for Brutus? What does Strato ask of Brutus to do first? why?

Hold sword so Brutus can run Upon it and he asks for his hand so he can say goodbye

Write the beginning of the Bible verse Carton keeps remembering.

I am the Resurection and the Life

Mark Anthony's careful wording that he has his Servant speak in line 132 is: "...How Caesar hath deserved to lie in death..." What does this imply?

If Brutus has a good reason for killing Caesar then he will follow him and help him in this struggle as a friend but if not vengeance.

What does the wife of the Marquis fear?

If she doesn't atone for her husband's sins, the consequences will befall her son (which is what happens).

Mrs. Cruncher

Is known for "flopping" and praying excessively. She is criticized and abused by her husband because he believes that she prays against him.

Chapter 15 book 2: Knitting

In Paris, Defarge enters his wine shop with a mender of roads whom he calls "Jacques." Three men file out of the shop individually. Eventually, Defarge and the mender of roads climb up to the garret where Doctor Manette had been hidden. There they join the three men who recently exited the shop, and whom Defarge also calls "Jacques." The mender of roads reports that, a year ago, he saw a man hanging by a chain underneath the Marquis' carriage. Several months later, he says, he saw the man again, being marched along the road by soldiers. The soldiers led the man to prison, where he remained "in his iron cage" for several days. Accused of killing the Marquis, he stood to be executed as a parricide (one who murders a close relative). According to rumor, petitions soon arrived in Paris begging that the prisoner's life be spared. However, workmen built a gallows in the middle of town, and soon the man was hanged. When the mender of roads finishes his recollection, Defarge asks him to wait outside a moment. The other Jacques call for the extermination of the entire aristocracy. One points to the knitting work of Madame Defarge, which, in its stitching, contains an elaborate registry of the names that the revolutionaries aim to kill. Later that week, Defarge and his wife take the mender of roads to Versailles to see King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. When the royal couple appears, the mender of roads cries "Long live the King!" and becomes so excited that Defarge must "restrain him from flying at the objects of his brief devotion and tearing them to pieces." This performance pleases the Defarges, who see that their efforts will prove easier if the aristocrats continue to believe in the peasantry's allegiance.

What was the term used in the story that meant solitary confinement?

In secret

Where has the doctor hidden his journal? How was the reading of this letter foreshadowed earlier in the novel?

In the chimney of his prison cell. the reading of this letter was foreshadowed earlier in the novel in two ways: (Book II: Ch. 6) when Darnay told the story of letters being found in the Tower of London; (Book II: Ch. 21) when during the storming of the Bastille, Defarge searched Manette's old cell.

Where is Tellson's bank in Paris located?

In the house of a nobleman that had fled Paris (he dressed in his cook's clothes to escape)

Act 4 Scene 3

Inside Brutus' tent, Brutus and Cassius argue about the way each has treated the other. As their argument ends, a poet arrives to urge them to get along.Brutus, Cassius, Titinius, and Marullus discuss the recent news of the enemy as well as the death of Portia. The men decide, at Brutus' urging, to meet the enemy army at Philippi. After the others leave, Caesar's ghost appears to Brutus and promises to meet him at Philippi.

Who does Darnay write to in the letter he is writing?

Ironically he writes to Lucie, Mr. Manette, Lorry, etc. but not Carton.

" The Honest Tradesman"

Irony of Jerry Cruncher because he does odd job at night ( digs up dead bodies to sell to scientists)

extended metaphor

It differs from a regular in that several comparisons are made and are extended throughout the passage.

Why do you think Dickens repeats the message of the shadow's sinister nature two more times, once from Lucie and again from Mr. Lorry at the end of the chapter, "The Shadow"?

Repeating the message foreshadows possible upcoming action, build suspense and bring the reader back for the next installment (serialized fiction).

In the same lines listed above, what is Brutus' argument against Caesar?

It hurt him to kill him but e had to fight fire with fire meaning his love of his friend v.s. what his friend has become.

What are the final words of the book that would be said by Carton?

It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.

"A Hand at Cards"

It is a metaphor Carton needs Basads help but doesn't have anything on him to black mail him until it is discovered that Roger Cly isn't dead so the he plays his "card" to blackmail him

Why do they live frugally when Charles returns

It is best not to offend the common people and they have little money because of all he had to spend in prison

"The Grindstone"

It is called this because many people are sharping weapons on the grindstone

Farmer

Represents death; provided tumbrils (farmers carts used to bring prisoners to the guillotine).

Chapter 17 book 2: One Night

It is the eve of Lucie's marriage to Darnay. Lucie and her father have enjoyed long days of happiness together. Doctor Manette finally has begun to put his imprisonment behind him. For the first time since his release, Manette speaks of his days in the Bastille. In prison, he passed much time imagining what sort of person Lucie would grow up to be. He is very happy now, thanks to Lucie, who has brought him "consolation and restoration." Later that night, Lucie sneaks down to her father's room and finds him sleeping soundly.

Why is the number fifty two important?

It is the number of people condemned to death, and the number of weeks in a year.

"In Secret"

It is titled this because Charles Darnay is put into solitary confinement which is lonely like a secret.

" Hundreds of People"

It is titled this because Miss pross states that hundreds of people come daily to lucie and try to take her away

"The Shadow"

It is titled this because madame Defarge comes to visit Lucie and Little Lucie and is really rude to the and lucie states "I am not thankless, I hope, but that dreadful woman seems to throw a shadow on me and on all my hopes." comparing Madame defray to the shadow foreshadowing danger that is to come be cast of the Manette family

What is "the Good Republican Brutus of Antiquity"?

It references Brutus, who Mark Antony called a good Republican and "honorable man." This indicates that Defarge is not to be trusted.

Woodsman

Represents the executioner and death; cuts wood for the guillotine frame.

What is the significance of Madame Defarge identifying Little Lucie as "his daughter"?

Little Lucie is an Evremonde, which means Madame Defarge's grudge extends to the little girl as well.

How had the letter been found?

It was found in the wall near the chimney.

Who's funeral procession does the crowd attack? Why do they attack it? in ATOTC

It's the funeral procession of Roger Cly. They attack it because one of the people started yelling Old Bailey spy and it went around to others.

After Carton exposees Barsard(who does Mr.Lorry Accuse) of using "Tellsons as a blind who has had an unlawful occupation of a infamous desciption

Jerry Cruncher

Who is left behind to protect Lucie, little Lucie, and Miss Pross?

Jerry Cruncher

Who else recognizes Barsad?

Jerry Cruncher - recognizes him as a spy that testified in the treason case against Darnay

"`Recalled to life.' That's a Blazing strange message. Much of that wouldn't do for you, Jerry! I say, Jerry! You'd be in a Blazing bad way, if recalling to life was to come into fashion, Jerry!"(Dickens 10)—speaker and about

Jerry about Mr.Lorry's message

What is Cruncher's reaction to this message he is to take to Telson's?

Jerry was perplexed about the meaning of this message he doesn't know what to think.

Settings chapter 1

London to dover to meet Miss Manette Dover to saint Antoine poor suburb in paris Saint Antoine back to London

What name does young Jerry give to his fathers "trade,"and what is Mr. cruncher's response when young Jerry says he wants to be in this trade when he grows up? Where is the irony in "resurrection man" and "recalled to life"?

Resurrection Man; proud; resurrection not a positive action here (grave robberies and selling bodies to science)

"He had eyes that assorted very well with that decoration, being of a surface black, with no depth in the colour or form, and much too near together—as if they were afraid of being found out in something, singly, if they kept too far apart. They had a sinister expression, under an old cocked-hat like a three-cornered spittoon, and over a great muffler for the chin and throat, which descended nearly to the wearer's knees." (Dickens 11) Describes who?

Jerry's eyes helps the reader see that Jerry may have some darkness to him. This is shown through Dickens use of the color black. The black coloring of jerry helps reveal that he may have a dark part to him. Which could be why he says "Recalled to life.' That's a Blazing strange message. Much of that wouldn't do for you, Jerry! I say, Jerry! You'd be in a Blazing bad way, if recalling to life was to come into fashion, Jerry!"

In chapter 9, Jerry admits to being a grave robber. He promises to stop robbing graves if Jarvis Lorry agrees to do something in exchange for him. What promise does he want from Jarvis Lorry?

Keep his son employed at Tellson's

How does Jerry Cruncher help convince Barsad to cooperate with Carton?

Knows Cly is not dead because Jerry robbed his grave. Carton can prove Cly is a spy and Barsad is associated with Cly. Easy to denounce Barsad as a spy as well.

To what prison is Darnay taken?

La Force

To which prison was Darnay sent?

La Force

Chapter 11 book 2: A Companion Picture

Late that same night, Carton and Stryver work in Stryver's chambers. In his puffed-up and arrogant manner, Stryver announces that he intends to marry Lucie. Carton drinks heavily at the news, assuring Stryver that his words have not upset him. Stryver suggests that Carton himself find "some respectable woman with a little property," and marry her, lest he end up ill and penniless.

Lion

Leader (Stryver).

The motto of the revolutionaries:

Liberty, equality, fraternity, (or death)

What words does dickens use to describe stryver and carton?

Lion and jackal

What was referred to in chapter as the evening paper?

List of people to be tried the next day.

Summary Book 3: Chapter 9: The Game Made

Lorry scolds Cruncher for leading a secret life (grave-robbing) outside his job at Tellson's. Cruncher hints that there may be many doctors involved in grave-robbing who bank at Tellson's. Cruncher then makes amends, saying that if Lorry will let young Jerry Cruncher inherit his own duties at the bank, he himself will become a gravedigger to make up for all the graves that he has "un-dug." After Barsad leaves, Carton tells Lorry and Cruncher that he has arranged a time to visit Darnay before his imminent execution. Carton reflects that a human being who has not secured the love of another has wasted his life, and Lorry agrees. That night, as he wanders the streets of Paris, Carton thinks of Lucie. He enters a chemist's shop and buys a mysterious substance. The words spoken by the priest at his father's funeral echo through his mind: "I am the resurrection and the life, saith the Lord: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in me, shall never die." Carton helps a small girl across the muddy street, and she gives him a kiss. The priest's words echo again in his mind. He wanders until sunrise, then makes his way to the courthouse for Darnay's trial. The judge names Darnay's accusers: the Defarges and Doctor Manette. Manette reacts with shock and denies having ever denounced Darnay. Defarge then takes the stand and speaks of a letter that he found, hidden in 105 North Tower of the Bastille.

Have Mr. Lorry and the young lady met before? if so when and under what circumstances?

Lorry took Miss Manette to London when she became a orphan at age 2

Gabelle

Loyal servant to the Evermonde family. He is charged with taking care of the deceased Marquis' estate and is imprisoned. He writes to Darnay begging that he come to save him.

"I am going to see his Ghost! It will be is ghost—not him!"(Dickens 23)—Speaker and about

Lucie about her father

Summary Book 3: Chapter 2: The Grindstone

Lucie and Doctor Manette storm into the Paris branch of Tellson's Bank to find Mr. Lorry. They inform him that Darnay sits imprisoned in La Force. Manette remains confident that he can use his standing as a one-time prisoner of the Bastille to help rescue his son-in-law. Lorry sends Lucie into the back room of the bank so that he can speak to Manette in private. He and Manette look out into the courtyard, where throngs of people sharpen their weapons on a grindstone. Lorry explains that the mob is preparing to kill the prisoners. Manette rushes into the crowd, and soon a cry arises: "Help for the Bastille prisoner's kindred in La Force!"

Ironically, who else is condemned by the Doctor's journal?

Lucie and Little Lucie (now Evremondes)

Who arrives at Tellson's?

Lucie and Mr. Manette arrive to inform Lorry that Darnay is in prison.

Mrs. Defarge is not content with having Darnay excuted. Who else does she want executed and why?

Lucie and little Lucie, because they are part of the Evermonde family and she wants it exterminated

What physical characteristic tells us Lucie is indeed the Doctor's daughter?

Lucie has the same hair as the locks that he has in the rag. He took her hair into his hand again, and looked closely at it. "It is the same. How can it be! When was it! How was it!"

What act of kindness does Lucie show Mrs. Defarge and how does Mrs. Defarge respond? How does this affect Lucie?

Lucie kisses Mrs. Defarge on the hand, Mrs. Defarge drops her hand and shows no response, Lucie doesn't trust her now

Dr. Manette-

Lucie's father and a brilliant physician, Doctor Manette spent eighteen years as a prisoner in the Bastille. Manette does nothing but make shoes, a hobby that he adopted to distract himself from the tortures of prison. Suggested letters de catchet put him in prison. "He had a white beard, raggedly cut, but not very long, a hollow face, and exceedingly bright eyes. The hollowness and thinness of his face would have caused them to look large, under his yet dark eyebrows and his confused white hair, though they had been really otherwise; but, they were naturally large, and looked unnaturally so. His yellow rags of shirt lay open at the throat, and showed his body to be withered and worn. He, and his old canvas frock, and his loose stockings, and all his poor tatters of clothes, had, in a long seclusion from direct light and air, faded down to such a dull uniformity of parchment-yellow, that it would have been hard to say which was which."(Dickens 37)

Dr. Alexander Manette

Lucie's father. He is a talented physician who was imprisoned for 18 years in the Bastille because the Evermonde Brothers worried that he would report their dastardly activities. He becomes a cobbler to distract himself from the suffering in prison. His deepest concern is his daughter who vows to do anything to make her happy.

What role does Lucius take upon himself? What was Antony's reaction to his masquerade?

Lucius poses as Brutus so if something bad happened they wouldn't be looking for Brutus and Antony has compassion for him and says he will treat him as a friend and a "prize"

What "falls" over Lucie and little Lucie while Mrs. Defarge is standing there that symbolizes something?

Mrs. Defarge's shadow falls over them

" Long Live the King!"

MENDER OF THE ROADS

" People who are not all worthy of Ladybird"

MISS PROSS

" I have a good deal to do"

Madame

Who was the dying young woman's younger sister?

Madame Defarge

What happens between Pross and Madame Defarge?

Madame Defarge demands to know were Lucie is, and so the women fight, as Defarge tries to get pass Pross into Lucie's room. Madame Defarge draws her gun, but during the struggle Ms. Pross shoots her and loses her hearing.

What final piece of the Defarge/Manette/Evermonde puzzle if finally revealed when Carton goes to the wine shop?

Madame Defarge is the younger sister (explaining her hatred of the Evremondes).

How are the sentences recorded so that they will be kept secret until the appropriate time?

Madame Defarge knits in her own code

What does Carton learn there about Dr. Manette, Lucie, her child, and Madame Defarge at the Defarge's wine shop?

Madame Defarge plans to exterminate the whole of the Evremondes

What does Madame Defarge mean when she says, "It is the daughter of your father who is my business here"? (248).

Madame Defarge's manner and Lucie's fear of her suggests that Madame wants to know Lucie's face to bring her destruction, not to protect her. Obviously the daughter of her father is Lucie.

" Knitting"

Madame is knitting a register of people's names that need to be killed.

" Still Knitting"

Madame is still knitting her long hit list.

Why does Defarge complement his case for cheering the king and queen?

Make them think they are loved

" An Opinion"

Manette is asked his opinion on whether his tools and shoe bench should be taken away.. ( he says no because they give him comfort) but they break them anyway

Chapter 6 book 2

Manette reports, in a voice gone faint with "solitude and disuse," that he is making a lady's shoe in the "present mode," or fashion, even though he has never seen the present fashion. When asked his name, he responds, "One Hundred and Five, North Tower." Lucie approaches. Noticing her radiant golden hair, Manette opens a knot of rag that he wears around his neck, in which he keeps a strand of similarly golden curls.At first, Manette mistakes Lucie for his wife and recalls that, on the first day of his imprisonment, he begged to be allowed to keep these few stray hairs of his wife's as a means of escaping his circumstances "in the spirit." Lucie delivers an impassioned speech, imploring her father to weep if her voice or her hair recalls a loved one whom he once knew. She hints to him of the home that awaits him and assures him that his "agony is over." Manette collapses under a storm of emotion; Lucie urges that arrangements be made for his immediate departure for England. Fearing for Manette's health, Lorry protests, but Lucie insists that travel guarantees more safety than a continued stay in Paris. Defarge agrees and ushers the group into a coach.

"This was the noblest Roman of them all. All the conspirators save only he did that they did in envy of great Caesar."

Mark Antony about Brutus

" You dogs!"

Marque

Why is the Marquis murdered? What inferences can be made with regard to who is responsible?

Revenge for killing Gaspards Kid and gaspard

Summary Book 3: Chapter 8: A Hand at Cards

Meanwhile, Jerry Cruncher and Miss Pross discover Miss Pross's long-lost brother, Solomon, in a wine shop. Solomon scolds his sister for making a scene over their reunion. He cannot afford to be identified because he is working as a spy for the Republic. Meanwhile, Cruncher recognizes Solomon as the witness who accused Darnay of treason during his trial in England thirteen years earlier. He struggles to remember the man's name until Sydney Carton, who suddenly appears behind them, provides it: Barsad. Carton states that he has been in Paris for a day and has been lying low until he could be useful. He threatens to reveal Barsad's true identity to the revolutionaries unless the spy accompanies him to Tellson's. Upon arriving at Tellson's, Carton informs Mr. Lorry and Jerry Cruncher that Darnay has been arrested again he overheard Barsad discussing the news in a bar. Carton has a plan to help Darnay, should he be convicted, and he threatens to expose Barsad as an English spy should Barsad fail to cooperate. Carton reveals that he has seen Barsad conversing with Roger Cly, a known English spy. When Barsad counters that Cly is dead and presents the certificate of burial, Cruncher disproves the story by asserting that Cly's coffin contained only stones and dirt. Though Cruncher is unwilling to explain how he knows these details, Carton takes him at his word and again threatens to expose Barsad as an enemy of the Republic. Barsad finally gives in and agrees to help Carton with his secret plan.

Summary Book 3: Chapter 14: The Knitting Done

Meanwhile, Madame Defarge heads toward Lucie's apartment to try to catch Lucie in the illegal act of mourning a prisoner. Evidence of such a crime, she believes, will strengthen her case against the family. At the apartment, Miss Pross and Jerry Cruncher are in the middle of making final arrangements to depart Paris. To avoid drawing the suspicion that leaving together might engender, Miss Pross tells Cruncher to wait for her with the carriage at the cathedral. When Cruncher leaves, Madame Defarge barges in and demands to know Lucie's whereabouts. The women fight, and Madame Defarge draws a gun. In the struggle, however, Miss Pross shoots her. She meets Cruncher as planned and reports that she has gone deaf from the gunshot.

What is Cassius' opinion of Fate? Why would he mention this?

Men have power to change their fate "Men at some time are masters of their fates" and he mentions this because he wants to empower Brutus to make a change

"O, let us have him! for his silver hairs/Will purchase us a good opinion/And buy men's voices to commend our deeds./It shall be said his judgement ruled our hands./Our youths and wildness shall no whit appear,/But all be buried in his gravity"

Metonymy

Who is Mr. Lorry waiting for in Dover?

Ms. Manette

"As his eyes rested on a short, slight, pretty figure, a quantity of golden hair, a pair of blue eyes that met his own with an inquiring look, and a forehead with a singular capacity."(Dicken 18) describes who?

Miss Manette through her golden hair and blue eyes. Dickens creates a archetypal color of blue for Miss Manette this color shows that she is serene and calm. The description of her forehead is used to highlight Miss Manette's emotions of confusion, wonder, fear, and keen awareness. She also creates a image of a angel for her.

Who openly denounced Darnay?

Monsieur Defarge, Madame Defarge, and Mr. Manette (while in jail in a letter) denounced the Evermondes.

You make these fools believe that it will last forever!"

Monsiuer Defarge to mender

Who takes Charles from the "escorts" when he reaches Paris?

Mr. Defarge

Who is Cruncher's Message for and what is the gentleman occupation?

Mr. Jarvis Lorry who is a banker at Tellsons

Name the three people who denounce Charles Darnay at trial.

Mr. and Mrs. Defarge and Dr. Manette

Who is the single person to look the Marquis in the face the moment after a coin has been hurled back into his carriage? What might this suggest about her character? What literary device is present?

Mrs. Defarge she isn't afraid of the Nobles her hatred of them overcomes her fear idk the device

The guillotine was often jokingly called a "sharp female." What is another name for the guillotine?

National Razor; best cure for a headache

What information does Defarge get from the jacques on the police force? Where have you heard of this man before?

New ENGLISH spy, John Barsad; witness against Darnay in trial

Has your opinion of Antony's intelligence changed? How so?

No, he is still Manipulating and Dictating

Monseigneur

Nobility in general.

"You show'd your teeth like apes, and fawn'd like hounds, /And bow'd like bondmen,"-

Parallelism

You were a bachelor in your cradle"

Pross to Lorry

"The sun of Rome is set!"

Pun

Whats Antony's opinion of Lepidus?

Not honorable he compares him to "And having brought our treasure where we will,/Then take we down his load and turn him off,/ Like to the empty ass, to shake his ears/ And graze in commons." meaning once he's done what we need him for we will let him loose as a scape goat, "You may do your will,/But he's a tried and valiant soldier." "So is my horse, Octavius, and for that/I do appoint him store of provender. It is a creature that I teach to fight,/To wind, to stop, to run directly on,/His corporal motion governed by my spirit,/And, in some taste, is Lepidus but so." meaning I can give him everything to make him fit to lead but he will never be because he is weak, "Begin his fashion. Do not talk of him/But as a property." meaning he is a means to an end,

Which man is the better judge of human character?

Obviously Antony is the better judge of people; he knows that emotion is more likely to move people to action that is reason.

situational irony

Occurs when an event turns out to be totally unexpected.

verbal irony

Occurs when what is said differs from what is meant.

dramatic irony

Occurs when you know what is going to happen to fictional character, but he or she doesn't know.

What hope of Octavius and Antony is answered? What does this say about brutus?

Octavius and Antony wanted that and he wants to show that he is confident

" I was not born to die on Brutus' sword"

Octavius to Brutus

What types of words does Mark Antony's use through the "mouth/voice" of his servant when the servant addresses Brutus?

Ominous words in addressing Caesars death and foreshadowing death of brutus

Chapter 2 book 2

On a Friday night in late November of 1775, a mail coach wends its way from London to Dover. The journey proves so treacherous that the three passengers must dismount from the carriage and hike alongside it as it climbs a steep hill. (This is symbolizing the struggle of the common man) From out of the great mists(uncertainty), a messenger on horseback appears and asks to speak to Jarvis Lorry of Tellson's Bank. The travelers react warily, fearing that they have come upon a highwayman or robber. Mr. Lorry, however, recognizes the messenger's voice as that of Jerry Cruncher, the odd-job man at Tellson's, and accepts his message. The note that Jerry passes him reads: "Wait at Dover for Mam'selle." Lorry instructs Jerry to return to Tellson's with this reply: "Recalled to Life." Confused and troubled by the "blazing strange message," Jerry rides on to deliver it.

Act 1 scene 3

On the night of March 14, a terrible storm brings different reactions. Casca believes that the storm and other omens mean that the future will bring evil.Cassius believes that these same signs mean that Caesar must be stopped.The two agree that Caesar must not be allowed to continue to rule, and when Cinna joins them, they plot to convince Brutus to join their conspiracy by planting letters making it seem like its what rome wants.

Chapter 19 book 2: An Opinion

On the tenth morning, Lorry wakes to find the shoemaker's bench put away and the Doctor reading a book. Lorry cautiously asks Manette what might have caused the now-ended relapse, relating Manette's strange case as though it had happened to someone else. Manette suggests that he himself anticipated the reversion. He goes on to say that some stimulus must have triggered a memory strong enough to cause it. Manette reassures Miss Pross and Lorry that such a relapse is not likely to recur because the circumstances that caused it are unlikely to surface again. Still speaking as though the afflicted party were someone other than Manette, Lorry creates a scenario about a blacksmith. He asks whether, if the smith's forge were associated with a trauma, the smith's tools should be taken from him in order to spare him painful memories. Manette answers that the man used those tools to comfort his tortured mind and should be allowed to keep them. Eventually, however, Manette agrees, for Lucie's sake, to let Lorry dispose of his tools while he is away. A few days later, Manette leaves to join Lucie and Darnay. In his absence, Lorry and Miss Pross hack the shoemaker's bench to pieces, burn it, and bury the tools.

What is the Feast of Lupercal? What is the purpose of the Feast of Lupercal, relating to the women?

Race, their is also a superstition that if one of the runners touches a women then it will give them fertility

Chapter 14book2: The Honest Tradesman

One morning outside Tellson's Bank, Jerry Cruncher sees a funeral pass by. Jerry asks a few questions and learns that the crowd is preparing to bury Roger Cly, a convicted spy and one of the men who testified against Darnay in his court case. Cruncher joins the motley procession. After much drinking and carousing, the mob buries Cly and, for sport, decides to accuse passers-by of espionage in order to wreak "vengeance on them." At home that night, Cruncher once again hits his wife for her "prayers." He then announces that he is going "fishing." In reality, he goes to dig up Cly's body in order to sell it to scientists. secretly, his son follows him to the cemetery, but runs away terrified, believing that the coffin is chasing him. The next day, he asks his father the definition of a "Resurrection-Man"—the term describes men like Cruncher, who dig up bodies to sell to science. He announces his intentions to have this job as an adult.

What theme is suggested by Darnay's escape and Miss Pross' being strong enough to defeat Madame Defarge?

One of Miss Pross's main characteristics is her love for Lucie. Madame Defarge represents hate. - love is stronger than hate

Chapter 22 book 2: The Sea Still Rises

One week later in Saint Antoine, Defarge arrives bearing news of the capture of Foulon, a wealthy man who once declared that if people were starving they should eat grass. Foulon had faked his own death to avoid the peasants' fury but was later discovered hiding in the country. The revolutionaries set out to meet Foulon, led by Madame Defarge and a woman known only as The Vengeance. The mob strings Foulon up, but the rope breaks and he does not die until his third hanging. The peasants put his head on a pike and fill his mouth with grass. When they have finished, the peasants eat their "scanty and insufficient suppers," parents play with their children, and lovers love.

Casca

Opposed to Caesar he takes the first shot at Caesar.

Tumbrils

Originally carts used by farmers; used to carry prisoners to the guillotine.

Who is mr. Carton? Describe him and his actions and his role in the chapter

Other attorney for Darnay passes notes to stryver to help him remember stryver Calls him memory He feels worthless loves Lucy

What is the outward attitude of Casca toward Caesar? What attitude does he apparently hold behind Caesar's back?

Outward appearance is neutral, behind back he thinks Caesar wants the crown and Caesar's refusal of the crown is just a trick

What was the name given to the bands of revolutionaries who were taking law into their own hands?

Red Caps

What is the sentence that Defarge and his compatriots give after hearing the fate of Marquis's says killer? What are the future implications of the sentence?

Perpetrator should be registered (knitted); going to die

"Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead!" exemplifies which rhetorical technique?

Personification

Identify the type of language (relating to...religion? the seasons? war? What exactly?) that Brutus uses to describe his conflicting emotions.

Political and dreams are used to highlight his debating emotions "Between the acting of a dreadful thing/ And the first motion, all the interim is/ Like a phantasma or a hideous dream./ The genius and the mortal instruments/ Are then in council, and the state of man,/ Like to a little kingdom, suffers then/ The nature of an insurrection."-Meaning From the time when you decide to do something terrible to the moment you do it, everything feels unreal, like a horrible dream. The unconscious and the body work together and rebel against the conscious mind in a battle. So Brutus hasn't been able to sleep because he keeps weighing the options battling his loyalty to Caesar v.s. his desire for Rome's welfare.

"Do you really think I'm no stronger than the rest of my sex, with such a father and such a husband? Tell me your secrets. I won't betray them. I've proved my trustworthiness by giving myself a voluntary wound here in my thigh. If I can bear that pain, then I can bear my husband's secrets."Who says this?

Portia

Why is act 2 scene 4 important?

Portia sends a servant to see what the senate is discussing highlighting suspicion. The soothsayer goes to warn Caesar

Act 2 Scene 4

Portia sends a servant to see what the senate is discussing highlighting suspicion. The soothsayer goes to warn Caesar once again

On the basis of the plebeians' behavior in Scenes ii and iii, describe Shakespeare's attitude toward democracy. Explain the validity of Shakespeare's attitude.

Shakespeare portrays the plebeians as easily manipulated and inclined toward mindless violence. This portrayal suggests that Shakespeare may have thought that democracy, which would give power to these people, is dangerous. On the other hand, since Shakespeare had no direct experience with democracy, he may be characterizing the common people unfairly.

What is the significance of Madame Defarge pinning a rose in her hair?

Signal of the need to have a meeting

What is her reaction to this news?

She is in shock an faints her Governess Miss Pross rushes to help her. "Perfectly still and silent, and not even fallen back in her chair, she sat under his hand, utterly insensible; with her eyes open and fixed upon him, and with that last expression looking as if it were carved or branded into her forehead. So close was her hold upon his arm, that he feared to detach himself lest he should hurt her; therefore he called out loudly for assistance without moving."(Dickens 24)

What compliment does Lucie unwittingly pay Madame Defarge?

She is more afraid of Madame Defarge than any of the others. Madame takes that as a compliment.

Why does Madame Defarge look so closely at carton?

She is puzzled by how similar he look to Darnay.

Miss Pross

She is the mistress who raised Lucie and is loyal to the Manette family. She eventually fulfills her devotion to the Manette family when she kills Madame Defarge.

Discuss miss pross' personality and what is revealed of her as a character in this chapter. What do we learn of Miss Pross' brother? And what is Mr.Lorry's opinion of Miss Pross?

She is very exaggerative she is jealous of people close to lucie bc she thinks they will take her away her bro Solomon took all her money to gamble and abandoned her and Mr. Lorry thinks of her as good he has a good opinion of her chapter 6

Why did Madame Defarge want to see Lucie.

She needs to be able to identify Lucie and Little Lucie so that they will be eventually killed.

What plot does Defarge make concerning Lucie?

She plans to catch Lucie mourning to strengthen her case against her.

Whom does Pross encounter there?

She runs into her brother Solomon. She calls him Solomon even though he is going under the alias of John Barsad.

What does Lucie do to try and see Darnay?

She stands in the street where Darnay can see her through the prison window.

Where does Lucie go at three o'clock every afternoon?

She stands on the streets at a place selected by Dr. Manette, so Darnay can or may be able to see her from a window at the prison.

How does Lucie feel about carton? What does she ask of Darnay with regards to him?

She wants Charles to be kind to Carton and to encourage him. She feels compassion for Darnay.

What was the name applied to a spy placed in a prison in prisoner disguise?

Sheep

How many people were guillotined on the day described in chapter 9?

Sixty-three

In what capacity does Barsad agree to help Carton?

Smuggle carton in to see Darnay if Darnay is convicted and sentenced to die.

What is the prison term for "in secret."

Solitary confinement.

Miss Pross sees someone at the wine shop whom she is surprised to see. Who is it?

Solomon

What is John Barsad's real name? Who is he related to?

Solomon Pross, Miss Pross's brother

John Barsad

Solomon Pross.

Young Jerry

Son of Jerry Cruncher. He accompanies his father at Temple Bar, often carrying his fathers stool. He follows his father and figures out that his father is a "Resurrection Man."

Who says?"I shall beseech him to befriend himself."

Soothsayer

"There is no escaping from this place;it never can be done. You will only die with me. It is madness"

Speaker:Charles Darnay, Spoken to:Sydney Carton

I will do...nothing for you. MY duty is to my country and the People. I am the sworn servant of both against you. I wil do nothing for you."

Speaker:DeFarge, Spoken to: Darnay

(THAT DREADFUL WOMAN) seems to throw a shadow on me and on all my hopes

Speaker:Lucie manette, Spoken about:Madame DeFarge

"All our lives we have seen out sister-women suffer, in themselves and in their children, poverty, nakedness, hunger, thrust, sickened, misery, oppression...WE have borne this a long time...Is it likely that the trouble of one wife and mother would be much to us now?"

Speaker:Madame DeFarge, Spoken to:Lucie Mannette

If it depended on (THEE) which happily it domes both-thou wouldst rescue this man even now

Speaker:Madame Defarge, Spoken about(THEE):Monsigener DeFarge

If those eyes of yours were bed winches....and I was an english four-poster,they shouldn't loose a splinter of me. No, you wicked foreign women:I am your match"

Speaker:Mrs.Pross, Spoken to:Madame DeFarge

It was nothing to (HER) that an innocent man was to die for the sin of his forefathers,(SHE) saw, not him,but them"

Spoken about(HER):Madame DeFarge

' The Fellow of Delicacy"

Stryver ( ironic) bc no delicacy

Why/how is Darnay acquitted? What can we infer about john basad and roger cly based on stryvers cross examination of the two?

Stryver proved that john basad isn't as pure as perceived and we can infer that the two are spies and we paid to say things to have Darnay sentenced guilty

" You are a disagreeable fellow"

Stryver to Carton

Chapter 9 is entitled "The Game Made." Who holds the Ace of cards using this metaphor?

Sydney Carton

Who comes to the aid of Lucie and her father?

Sydney Carton

Who comes to his cell?

Sydney Carton arrives to switch clothes and ultimately places.

Who revealed the name Barsad?

Sydney Carton reveals that the rest of his name is Barsad.

Chateau

Symbol of oppression.

Bastille

Symbol of tyranny.

Red wine spilled in Saint Antoine

Symbolizes blood.

Red sunset on Marquis

Symbolizes the blood and end of the nobility.

Headless cherubs in Lucie's room

Symbolizes the revolution.

Who has shown up in Paris?

Syndey Carton

"Speak hands for me!" exemplifies which rhetorical device?

Synedoche

What does Dr. Manette tell Lucie about a window at the prison?

That Charles may be able to see her from the window if she stands at a certain spot at 3:00

What does Dr. Manette plea from the tribunal regarding Charles while all this killing is going on?

That he be kept safe

What does Dr. Manette never doubt?

That he can save Charles

"The Substance of the Shadow"

The "Shadow" meaning Defarge. This Chapter shows the connection of Madame Defarge and the evermonde family the "substance" behind her hatred

Sydney Carton

The "jackal." An alcoholic attorney who works alongside Stryver. He is the strategic mastermind behind all of the trials they have won, but is discredited by the arrogant Stryver. He feels his life is wasted by his poor decisions. He has a strikingly similar appearance to Darnay, but has a different personality. However, he has shares substantial love for Lucie with Darnay, even saying that he will sacrifice himself for Lucie or anyone she loves. This promise is fulfilled when he switches places with Darnay and is executed at the guillotine.

Jeremiah (Jerry) Cruncher

The "odd-job man" at Tellson's Bank. He is superstitious believing that his wife's prayers are responsible for his bad luck. He works as a "Resurrection Man" who digs up dead bodies and donates them to science or strips them of their jewelry.

"Darkness"

The "shadow" is getting more and more blood-thirsty and now she wants to swallow lucie and little lucie and dr. manettte into the "Darkness" this chapter also highlights how Dr. Manette is freaking out and is back into his dark state of mind because of Darnay's situation. it also highlights how Lorry is in the Dark about whatever carton is planning

Chapter 16 book 2: Still Knitting

The Defarges return to Saint Antoine later that evening. A policeman friend warns Defarge that a spy by the name of John Barsad has been sent to their neighborhood. Madame Defarge resolves to knit his name into the register. That night, Defarge admits his fear that the revolution will not come in his lifetime. Madame Defarge dismisses his impatience and compares the revolution to lightning and an earthquake: it strikes quickly and with great force, but no one knows how long it will take to form. The next day, Barsad visits the wine shop. He masquerades as a sympathizer with the revolutionaries and comments on the horrible treatment of the peasants. Knowing that Defarge once worked as Doctor Manette's servant, he reports that Lucie Manette plans to marry, and that her husband is to be the Marquis' nephew, Darnay. After Barsad leaves, Madame Defarge adds Darnay's name to her registry, unsettling Defarge, the once loyal servant of Manette.

Chapter 23book 2: Fire Rises

The French countryside lies ruined and desolate. An unidentified man, weary from travel, meets the mender of roads. They address each other as "Jacques" to indicate their status as revolutionaries. The mender of roads directs the man to the chateau of the murdered Marquis. Later that night, the man sets the castle on fire. A rider from the chateau urges the village soldiers to help put out the fire and salvage the valuables there, but they refuse, and the villagers go inside their homes and put "candles in every dull little pane of glass." The peasants nearly kill Gabelle, the local tax collector, but he escapes to the roof of his house, where he watches the chateau burn.

Footsteps

The approaching revolution.

Ernest Defarge

Wine shop owner and revolutionary leader. He worked as a servant to Manette prior to owning his wine shop. Unlike his wife he shows remorse towards the Manettes inquiring why they have to die.

Who saved Darnay from the hostile mob in chapter 1?

The Postmaster

What is "The Good Republican Brutus of Antiquity"?

The Wine Shop

In the prison, why does Darnay compare the aristocrats jailed with him to ghosts?

The aristocrats maintain their fine manners, even in the filthy prison. They look out of place and time. Like ghosts of the past.

Act 5 Scene 1

The army of Antony and Octavius and the army of Brutus and Cassius arrive at the field of battle. The four generals meet and exchange insults.After their meeting, Cassius reflects on the possible outcomes of this day, mentioning an omen that he interprets as predicting their loss stating "Two mighty eagles fell, and there they perched,/Gorging and feeding from our soldiers' hands,/Who to Philippi here consorted us./This morning are they fled away and gone,/And in their steads do ravens, crows, and kites/Fly o'er our heads and downward look on us/As we were sickly prey. Their shadows seem/A canopy most fatal, under which/Our army lies, ready to give up the ghost.. Brutus and Cassius discuss their plans if the battle is lost and make their final farewells to each other."Brutus and Cassius discuss their plans if the battle is lost and make their final farewells to each other.

How does the mob outside of Tellson's Bank in Paris respond when Dr. Manette goes out and confronts it?

The cheer for the "Bastille prisoner" and vow to help his family in La Force prison

Where does Carton put the two packets he has by the end of chapter 9?

The chemist shop

Chapter 3 book 2

The chapter opens with a reflection on the fact that all humans are mysteries to one another, despite the availability of their outer appearances. The three passengers remain a mystery to one another as they advance upon Dover. Jerry Cruncher returns to Temple Bar remaining uneasy about the cryptic message. Lorry, as he rides on in the mail coach with two strangers, constitutes a case in point. Dozing, he drifts in and out of dreams, most of which revolve around the workings of Tellson's bank. Still, there exists "another current of impression that never cease[s] to run" through Lorry's mind—the notion that he makes his way to dig someone out of a grave. He imagines repetitive conversations with a specter, who tells Lorry that his body has lain buried nearly eighteen years. Lorry informs his imaginary companion that he now has been "recalled to life" and asks him if he cares to live. He also asks, cryptically, "Shall I show her to you? Will you come and see her?" The ghost's reaction to this question varies, as he sometimes claims that he would die were he to see this woman too soon; at other times, he weeps and pleads to see her immediately.

"The Game Made"

The blackmail from the last chapter worked Basad has promised to let carton see Darnay before the guillotine the "game" is set in motion

What is the significance of the metaphor in the following passage? "...the sun was red on the courtyard. But, the lesser grindstone stood alone there in the calm morning air, with a red upon it that the sun had never given, and would never take away" (244).

The blood that the grindstone has won't wash away. Even as the sun continues to move.

What are the tumbrils and what are they filled with?

The carriages that are filled with the condemned prisoners

"And Caesar's spirit, ranging for revenge,/With Até by his side come hot from hell,/Shall in these confines with a monarch's voice/Cry "Havoc!" and let slip the dogs of war,"(Mark )

allusion, foreshadowing,

What is the significance of the title of the chapter, "The Substance of the Shadow"?

The connection is revealed between Manette & the Evremonde family. Can infer that Madame Defarge is the younger sister which explains her hatred for the Evremondes (giving substance or explanation of the shadow).

What is the countryside of France like? Craft a claim statement for Dickens purpose in this chapter(8). Why would he spend so much time on the description of the countryside? To what end?

The country side of France is empty no grass no crops nothing it is just empty he does this to highlight how the people of france have nothing they are starving the quote is "A beautiful landscape, with the corn bright in it, but not abundant. Patches of poor rye where corn should have been, patches of poor peas and beans, patches of most coarse vegetable substitutes for wheat. On inanimate nature, as on the men and women who cultivated it, a prevalent tendency towards an appearance of vegetating unwillingly—a dejected disposition to give up, and wither away." dickens page 102 uses anaphora and asyndeton

Summary Book 3: Chapter 11: Dusk

The courtroom crowd pours into the streets to celebrate Darnay's condemnation. John Barsad, charged with ushering Darnay back to his cell, lets Lucie embrace her husband one last time. Darnay insists that Doctor Manette not blame himself for the trial's outcome. Darnay is escorted back to his cell to await his execution the following morning, and Carton escorts the grieving Lucie to her apartment. Carton tells Manette to try his influence one last time with the prosecutors and then meet him at Tellson's, though Lorry feels certain that there is no hope for Darnay, and Carton echoes the sentiment.

What was the crime situation in England at this time?

The crime situation in England was bad many robbers, highway men and etc. England lacked order and protection which could have caused this.

Little Lucie

The daughter of Lucie Manette and Charles Darnay.

Stone face of Marquis significance

The emotionless, unfeeling nobility.

Are Lucie, Little Lucie, and Mr. Manette in any danger?

Yes

What are the two promises?

The first promise is that Dr Manette promises not to tell lucie about Charles love for her unless lucie comes to Dr manatee and tells him he loved charles and the second promise is that Charles won't tell Dr. Manette his name until lucie and Dr Manettes possible wedding morning

How does dickens describe the manettes home? And what might the footsteps heard coming from every which way symbolize or metaphorically represent?

The foots steps represent the "hundreds of people" chapter 6 is the house description

"The Footsteps Die out Forever"

The footsteps that have been coming into lucie's life and causing conflict are gone now since they are safe. because of carton sacrificing himself for lucie and her family. so the footsteps die with him.

What was the guards initial reaction to the arrival of Jerry Cruncher?

The guard thought Jerry was a highway men so he got out his gun to protect himself and the passengers.

What seems "inverted" or backwards in the prison?

The guilty are condenming the innocent

Had Dr. Manette ever met the young boy Charles Darnay in France?

Yes, he had.

The spilled wine is a symbol of what?

The wine represents wealth and when it is shattered it symbolizes that someone may be ruining the common people's chances to have wealth. Therefore, these people are eager to have wealth which explains why they start drinking the spilled wine off the ground they are relishing in it because it isn't at their disposal.

Did Darnay's note bring any comfort to Lucie?

Yes, it gave her courage.

What piece of evidence is presented in Darnay's trial?

The letter Dr. Manette wrote while in prison describing what happened with the Evermonde brothers

What old hidden evidence had been unearthed in Dr. Manette's former prison cell?

The letter explaining his arrest

State what was written on the paper.

The letter was written with a rusty iron point dipped in a substance mixed from the soot of the chimney and his own blood. Manette believed that because he had already been there for ten years he had to write down his last words. The story in the letter recounts that Manette was captured by the Evermonde Brothers and was then required to try to save a young peasant woman whom the Evermonde brothers had raped, killed her husband, and stabbed her brother in a sword fight. She continuously cries out, "My husband, my father, and my brother." Manette was unable to save the brother who was bleeding out or the woman who was dying of a fever. Before the brother died he cursed the Evermondes. Neither of the brothers showed any compassion towards the peasants. Tragically enough the young peasant woman was pregnant. The wife of the Marquis St. Evermond visited Manette the next day to repay him not knowing that the peasant woman was dead. She contemplates on how her family had long mistreated the lower class. The brother have Manette thrown in jail for writing a letter to the parliament regarding the atrocity.

Major Theme

The major theme centers on resurrection, bringing people back to life from the seemingly inevitable clutches of death. Dr. Manette is rescued from long imprisonment and certain death and nursed back to health by the loving attention of his daughter Lucie. Darnay is twice saved from certain death by the compassion of Carton. Others, like Foulon, are brought back from an apparent death, only to meet real death at the hands of the revolutionaries. These resurrected lives weave through the entire plot and hold the story together.

How does the chapter title "fire rises" serve a double purpose, both metaphorically and literal?

The metaphorical purpose is to show how the revolution is still spreading like a fire uncontrollable. the literal purpose is that the Chateau is set on fire.

Minor Theme

The minor theme is the cruelty of war as seen in the French Revolution. Dickens spares no details in painting the grim, and often senseless, violence of the patriot mob as they seek revenge and retribution against the patriots. Men are decapitated and their heads displayed to incite further violence.

Angry ocean

The mob in Paris.

MOOD

The mood of the novel is grim and somber. Dickens presents the stark reality of the revolution in an intense, dramatic form, and there are very few incidents that help lighten the grimness. Right from the start, the tragedy of Dr. Manette seated at his shoemaker's bench drives home the horror of his experience. The oppression and misery of common people are highlighted through a series of grim scenes. The bloodthirsty mob, too, presents a dismal and frightening spectacle. This gloomy atmosphere touches all characters and relationships. Jerry Cruncher alone presents some comic relief to an otherwise dark and serious, historic novel.

What is inscribed on the door of Dr. Manette's house?

The names of all the people living in the house are inscribed on the door.

Chapter 12 book 2: The Fellow of Delicacy

The next day, Stryver plans to take Lucie to the Vauxhall Gardens to make his marriage proposal. On his way, he drops in at Tellson's Bank, where he informs Mr. Lorry of his intentions. Lorry persuades Stryver to postpone his proposal until he knows for certain that Lucie will accept. This admonition upsets Stryver. He almost insults Lucie as a "mincing Fool," but Lorry warns him against doing so. Lorry asks that Stryver hold off his proposal for a few hours to give him time to consult the family and see exactly where Stryver stands. Later that night, Lorry visits Stryver and reports that his fears have been confirmed. If Stryver were to propose, the Manettes would reject his offer. Stryver dismisses the entire affair as one of the "vanities" of "empty-headed girls" and begs Lorry to forget it.

Summary Book 3: Chapter 7: A Knock at the Door

The next day, although Manette rejoices in having saved Darnay's life, Lucie remains terrified for her husband. Later that afternoon, she reports hearing footsteps on the stairs, and soon a knock comes at the door. Four soldiers enter and re-arrest Darnay. Manette protests, but one of the soldiers reminds him that if the Republic demands a sacrifice from him, he must make that sacrifice. Manette asks one of the soldiers to give the name of Darnay's accuser. Though it is against the law to divulge such information, the soldier replies that he is carrying out the arrest according to statements made by Defarge, Madame Defarge, and one other individual. When Manette asks for the identity of this third person, the soldier replies that Manette will receive his answer the next day.

Chapter 4 Book 2

The next morning, Lorry descends from the coach at the Royal George Hotel in Dover. After shedding his travel clothes, he emerges as a well-dressed businessman of sixty. That afternoon, a waiter announces that Lucie Manette has arrived from London. Lorry meets the "short, slight, pretty figure" who has received word from the bank that "some intelligence—or discovery" has been made "respecting the small property of my poor father . . . so long dead." After reiterating his duties as a businessman, Lorry relates the real reason that Tellson's has summoned Lucie to Paris. Her father, once a reputed doctor, has been found alive. "Your father," Lorry reports to her, "has been taken to the house of an old servant in Paris, and we are going there: I, to identify him if I can: you, to restore him to life, love, duty, rest, comfort." Lucie goes into shock, and her lively and protective servant, Miss Pross, rushes in to attend to her.

Who lives near this spot? What does he do? What did he used to do?

The wood sawyer, cuts up wood, used to be a road mender

" Drawn to the Loadstone Rock"

allusion. Charles is drawn/ "magnetized" to go back to France. drawn to danger

How did the passengers on the Dover mail act with each other? Why did they act this way?

The passengers were suspicious of each other because they didn't know each other or if the others were robbers or murderers or other criminals.

What effect does Dickens create with the imagery of the people at the grindstone?

The people are dressed like madmen and mad women and dance wildly as if half-crazed. The color red predominates the scene. Dickens is establishing the utter violence and the loss of all reason in the Revolution.

How should the people view the conspirators and Caesar, according to Brutus's funeral speech?

The people should view the conspirators as true Romans who acted to save their country from tyranny.

Who is the "Samson of the firewood guillotine"? What does Lucie do to gain his good will?

The woodcutter who works near the place Lucie walks every day at 3pm. She speaks to him first and gives him money.

Describe La Force prison.

The prison was dark and filthy. It was filled with upperclass prisoners who appeared to be out of place, they were "ghosts."

How is the theme of resurrection emphasized in the chapter, "The Game Made"? What is being suggested about Carton's plan?

The repetition of the verse/prayer spoken during Carton's father's funeral (John 11:25- know what this verse says). Carton is thinking of dying himself, or risking his life. His plan is to resurrect Darnay (who is as good as dead).

What is happening at the grindstone in the courtyard? Describe the grindstone

The revolutionaries are sharpening their knives and swords to masacre (kill) the prisoners, it is red from blood on the knives

How does the plight of the seamstress illustrate one of the main flaws of the Revolution?

The seamstress is innocent, but is accused falsely and will lose her life unfairly. Despite being unfairly treated by the aristocrats and learning from that, the peasants, now in charge, are just as unfair and not justified in their courtrooms.

Act 5 scene 4

Young Cato is killed in battle, and Lucilius, pretending to be Brutus, is captured. Antony meets Lucilius and instructs his men to treat him with respect as an honorable prisoner, even though he is not really Brutus.

Mrs. Pross-

The servant who raised Lucie, Miss Pross is brusque, tough, and fiercely loyal to her mistress."A wild-looking woman, whom even in his agitation, Mr. Lorry observed to be all of a red colour, and to have red hair, and to be dressed in some extraordinary tight-fitting fashion, and to have on her head a most wonderful bonnet like a Grenadier wooden measure, and good measure too, or a great Stilton cheese, came running into the room in advance of the inn servants, and soon settled the question of his detachment from the poor young lady, by laying a brawny hand upon his chest, and sending him flying back against the nearest wall."(Dickens 24)

Chapter 5 book 2

The setting shifts from Dover, England to Saint Antoine, a poor suburb of Paris. A wine cask falls to the pavement in the street and everyone rushes to it. Men kneel and scoop up the wine that has pooled in the paving stones, while women sop up the liquid with handkerchiefs and wring them into the mouths of their babies. One man dips his finger into the "muddy wine-lees" and scrawls the word blood on a wall. The wine shop is owned by Monsieur Defarge, a "bull-necked, martial-looking man of thirty." His wife, Madame Defarge, sits solemnly behind the counter, watchful of everything that goes on around her. She signals to her husband as he enters the wine shop, alerting him to the presence of an elderly gentleman and a young lady. Defarge eyes the strangers (they are Lorry and Lucie) but pretends not to notice them, speaking instead with three familiar customers, each of whom refers to the other two as "Jacques" (a code name that identifies themselves to one another as revolutionaries). After Defarge directs the men to a chamber on the fifth floor and sends them out, Mr. Lorry approaches from the corner and begs a word with Defarge. The men have a brief conversation, and soon Defarge leads Lorry and Lucie up a steep, dangerous rise of stairs Lucie is squeezing Lorry and Lorry begins to tear up which is the opposite of what he was made out to be all "bussiness" They come to a filthy landing, where the three men from the wine shop stand staring through chinks in the wall. Stating that he makes a show of Doctor Manette to a chosen few "to whom the sight is likely to do good," Defarge opens the door to reveal a white-haired man busily making shoes.

What is "The Shadow" referred to in this chapter title? How is it an example of foreshadowing?

The shadow is cast by Madame Defarge (and the vengeance) over Lucie and her child. It is foreshadowing the danger coming upon them.

What is the Carmagnole? What is it compared to?

a dance, compared to a fight

"Dusk"

The time before the 2nd trial of Darnay in this short amount of time Dr. Manette is trying to help save him

Why does Dr. Manette say the shoe making tools were so important to him in prison? Why does he keep them now?

The tools gave him a distraction in prison he is afraid to be with out them

Marquis St. Evermonde

The uncle of Charles Darnay. He represents the cruel aristocrats in the Second Estate. He has disregard towards peasants and has killed them on multiple occasions ( Madame Defarges family, and the young child). He believes that peasants should be exterminated. He is killed by Gaspard.

hyperbole

a deliberate exaggeration or overstatement ex. "That story is as old as time."

How does Dickens show how insensitive the Republic's prisoners have become to the carnage all around them?

There is a brief moment of sorrow when Darnay's name is called to appear before the Tribunal—certainly to be sentenced to death- The prisoners then very quickly say good-bye and return to their games and entertainments for the evening.

How is dickens tone ironic when he describes Roger Cly as a "virtuous servant" and John Basad as "sublime"?

They are lying but the judge and people try to make them seem as if they are pure and wholesome when in reality they are being paid to convict a innocent man

What does the crowd say about Caesar?

They will call him a tyrant.

What excuse do the conspirators use to approach Caesar at the Capitol in Act III, Scene i?

They ask that the banished brother of Metellus Cimber be brought back to Rome.

What opinion was given about the city that night?

They believed it was the most calm, sublime, heavenly, and prophetic execution.

How did people demonstrate approval for the outcome of the trial?

They carry Darnay home on their shoulders.

What overture of peace does Octavius make to Brutus' men?

they are welcome to join his army

what do lorry and miss pross do that makes them "almost[feel], and almost [look], like accomplices in a horrible crime"?

They destroy the bench and tools for Dr. Manettes shoemaking

Why don't they keep a servant?

They don't want to take a chance they may be a spy and they can't afford one anyway

What does the crowd say it will do for Brutus?

They offer to crown him.

Why does the crowd let Antony speak at all?

They promised Brutus they would hear him out.

How do the people react to the results of the trial?

They put Charles in a chair and carry him home on their shoulders

What do Darnay's new surroundings remind him of?

They remind him of Mr. Manettes experiences in prison.

euphemism

a device where being indirect replaces directness to avoid unpleasantness ex. "at liberty" instead of "out of work," "senior citizen" instead of "old person," "pass away" instead of "die"

What are the peoples reactions to the broken wine casket?

They stop and run to drink the wine of the filthy street "All the people within reach had suspended their business, or their idleness, to run to the spot and drink the wine."(Dickens 26)

What was the jury's vote?

They voted to have him sent back to the Conciergerie and await execution in the next 24 hours. .

Why were Pross and Cruncher not going to leave the city streets with the others?

They wanted to avoid suspicion that would result from leaving together and the Manettes were the number one priority to get out of the city.

Who were the witnesses?

They were Mr. Manette and Gabelle.

suspense

a feeling of curiosity or uncertainty about the outcome of events in a literary work

"A Knock at the Door"

This chapter highlights how after Darnay was acquitted they are celebrating when a ominous Knock Knocks on the door the people knocking state that Darnay has been convicted again but by Saint Antoine and will go to trial again

"The Knitting Done"

This chapter is when Madame defarge goes after lucie and her family but they aren't there instead Miss Pross is there the two fight and it ends in the death of Defarge who never makes to Darnay/Cartons death where the vengeance and other women are Knitting therefore Defarge's "Knitting" is done

How does this speech differ from the words spoke in the presence of the conspirators.?

This highlights his thirst for vengeance on the conspirators and how he predicts their wrong doings are going to cause war.

Examine lines 103 - 110. How is the image ironic with regard to the words the conspirators plan to cry out?

This image is ironic because they wanna walk around in his blood chanting "Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead!"(Shakespeare 3.1.81)

"Calm in the Storm"

This is titled this because Dr.Manette is being strong for lucie's sake which is out of character for him since he has been previously perceived as fragile because his situation but now lucie is fragile in this "Storm" of Darnay being in danger.

Summary Book 3: Chapter 1: In Secret

Travel through France proves difficult for Darnay. Hostile revolutionaries frequently stop him and question him. Upon his arrival in Paris, the revolutionaries confine him to a prison called La Force. Darnay protests and reminds his jailers of his rights. However, the guard responds that, as an emigrant, Darnay—whom he refers to as Evrémonde—has no rights. The guard hands Darnay over to Defarge with the instructions, "In secret." As he is being led away, Darnay converses with the wine merchant. Defarge wonders aloud why Darnay would choose to return to France in the age of "that sharp female newly-born . . . called La Guillotine." Darnay asks Defarge for help, but Defarge refuses. At La Force, Darnay feels he has entered the world of the dead. A fellow prisoner welcomes him to the prison and says that he hopes that Darnay will not be kept "in secret"—the Anglicized form of en secret, meaning solitary confinement. But Darnay has indeed been sentenced to total isolation, and he soon finds himself in a cell measuring "five paces by four and a half."

"And so near will I be that your best friends shall wish I had been further."Who says?

Trebonius

Act 1 Scene 1

Two tribunes, Flavius and Murellus, encounter a Carpenter, Cobbler, and other plebeians, and ask them why they are dressed up in the streets instead of at work. The plebeians say they have come to cheer the great general Caesar's triumph over the sons of his rival Pompey. Murellus angrily reminds them that they once cheered Pompey the same way, and says the gods must be offended by their short memories. (trying to shame them)Flavius and Murellus decide to split up and disperse more crowds, and to remove the laurel crowns from Caesar's statues.

How does dickens describe The privileged class of France?

Unknowledgeable about there jobs and there purpose they are cruel and lack the ability to care for anyone below them (my pg 96)

Therese Defarge

Wife of the wine shop owner. She is ruthless and vindictive in her plans to exterminate all of the nobility and the Manette family. She is the sister of the frenzied woman, and her brother.

Chapter 20 book 2: A Plea

When Lucie and Darnay return home from their honeymoon, Sydney Carton is their first visitor. He apologizes for his drunkenness on the night of the trial and delivers a self-effacing speech in which he asks for Darnay's friendship: "If you could endure to have such a worthless fellow . . . coming and going at odd times, I should ask that I might be permitted to come and go as a privileged person [in the household]. . . ." Carton leaves. Afterward, Darnay comments that Carton tends to be careless and reckless. Lucie deems this judgment too harsh and insists that Carton possesses a good, though wounded, heart. Lucie's compassion touches Darnay, and he promises to regard Carton's faults with sympathy.

What evidence is there that Mr. Defarge does not want to mark Lucie and her family for death but is doing it because of his wife?

When Mr. Lorry tells Lucie that Madame Defarge needs to meet everyone so she will know whom to protect, Monsieur Defarge "looked gloomily at his wife, and gave no other answer than a gruff sound of acquiescence. (pg. 247)

How does Mr. Lorry go about approaching the Doctor about his condition for the nine days without upsetting him?

When he refers to the relapse, he doesn't call the person Dr. Manette, but calls him a hypothetical person that conveniently has a daughter and goes through relapses.

Caesar

When the play starts, he is the only man capable of giving orders and ensuring they are carried out. He fails to understand the many signs indicating a plot against him and is killed by a conspiracy led by Cassius and Brutus. His ghost haunts the remainder of the play, and his name is invoked by both Cassius and Brutus before they commit suicide in the final act.

Why does the spy learn from the defarges, and what do they learn from him? Why does the spies information disturb the defarges?

Where Dr. Manette is; Lucie's getting married to Darnay; Darnay is on the hit list since he is an Evrèmonde

Summary book 3: Chapter 5: The Wood-sawyer

While the family waits for Darnay's trial, Manette tells Lucie of a window in the prison from which Darnay might see her in the street. For two hours every day, Lucie stands in the area visible from this window. A wood-sawyer who works nearby talks with Lucie while she waits, pretending that his saw is a guillotine (it bears the inscription "Little Sainte Guillotine") and that each piece of wood that he cuts is the head of a prisoner. One day, a throng of people comes down the street, dancing a horrible and violent dance known as the Carmagnole. The dancers depart, and the distressed Lucie now sees her father standing before her. As he comforts Lucie, Madame Defarge happens by. She and Manette exchange salutes. Manette then tells Lucie that Darnay will stand trial on the following day and assures her that her husband will fare well in it.

Madame Defarge-

Wife of Monsieur Defarge, Coughs as a clue to her husband that there are people in the room so he should be careful about what he says. She sees everything without looking meaning she knows what is happening but won't say she saw it. She knits. "Madame Defarge was a stout woman of about his own age, with a watchful eye that seldom seemed to look at anything, a large hand heavily ringed, a steady face, strong features, and great composure of manner. There was a character about Madame Defarge, from which one might have predicated that she did not often make mistakes against herself in any of the reckonings over which she presided. Madame Defarge being sensitive to cold, was wrapped in fur, and had a quantity of bright shawl twined about her head, though not to the concealment of her large earrings. Her knitting was before her, but she had laid it down to pick her teeth with a toothpick. Thus engaged, with her right elbow supported by her left hand, Madame Defarge said nothing when her lord came in, but coughed just one grain of cough. This, in combination with the lifting of her darkly defined eyebrows over her toothpick by the breadth of a line, suggested to her husband that he would do well to look round the shop among the customers, for any new customer who had dropped in while he stepped over the way."(Dickens 29-30)

Jackal

Wild dog (Carton).

Chapter 21 book 2: Echoing Footsteps

Years go by, and Lucie and her family enjoy a tranquil life. She gives birth to a daughter, little Lucie, and a son, who dies young. Lucie still maintains her habit of sitting in a corner of the parlor, listening to the echoing footsteps on the street below. By 1789, the echoes reverberate "from a distance" and make a sound "as of a great storm in France with a dreadful sea rising." One day in July, Lorry visits the Darnays and reports that an alarming number of French citizens are sending their money and property to England. The scene then shifts to the storming of the Bastille in Paris. Defarge and Madame Defarge serve as leaders among the mob. Once inside the Bastille, Defarge grabs a guard and demands to be taken to 105 North Tower. Defarge searches the cell. When he is finished, he rejoins the mob as it murders and mutilates the governor who had defended the fortress. Madame Defarge cuts off the man's head.

theme

a central message or insight into life revealed throughout the literary work . . . a generalization about human beings or about life that the lit. work communicates (It must be expressed in sentence form.)

rhetorical shift

a change from one tone, attitude, etc . . . Look for key words like but, however, even though, although, yet, etc.

inversion

a change in the normal word order ex. Instead of " I have never seen such a mess," one might write "Never have I seen such a mess."

simile

a comparison between two unlike thing using words such as "as," "like," "than," or "resembles" ex. "She stood in front of the altar, shaking like a freshly caught trout." -Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

metaphor

a comparison between two unlike things not using "as," "like," "than," or "resembles" ex. "Every word was once a poem . . . Language is fossil poetry." -Emerson

analogy

a comparison that explains or describes one subject by pointing out its similarities to another subject

aphorism

a concise statement of a principle or precept given in pointed words ex. "Life is short, art is long, opportunity fleeting, experimenting dangerous, reasoning difficult." -Hippocrates, Aphorisms

asyndeton

a condensed form of expression in which a series is presented without conjunctions ex. Caesar's "Veni, vidi, vici."

Decius

a man opposed to Caesar. He misinterprets Calpurnia's dream in order to convince Caesar to go to the Senate House on the ides of March.

Soothsayer

a man who tells Caesar to beware the ides of March (March 15) but who is ignored

Artemidorus

a man who tries to give Caesar a letter in which he describes the plot against him. Caesar ignores his letter.

Scene 3 time

a month after Festival. night before Caesar's assassination

catharsis

a moral and spiritual cleansing; an emphatic identification with others (ex. Watching a protagonist overcome great odds to survive can create catharsis; confession purges the soul.)

chiasmus

a pattern in which the 2nd part is balanced against the 1st but with the parts reversed ex. "Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country." -JFK "Flowers are lovely, love is flowerlike." (Greek letter chi(X-shaped) "Fire-stone snow -tires" and "moonstruck mushroom")

paradox

a statement that seems contradictory or absurd but that expresses the truth ex. "For when I am weak, then I am strong." -2 Corinthians and "The coach considered this a good loss."

allegory

a story in which objects, characters, and actions are symbols of something outside the narrative ex. A Separate Peace, Lord of the Flies

epiphany

a sudden understanding or realization which prior to this was not thought of or understood

Abstraction

a term that is applied to ideas that are philosophical and emotional, not concrete or tangible, yet the idea comes from experience. Examples: truth, liberty, freedom

epithet

a word or phrase used in place of a person's name; it is characteristic of that person: Alexander the Great, Material Girl, Ms. Know-It-All

" He was now a very energetic man indeed, with great firmness of purpose,.."

about Dr.

" He was a man of about sixty, handsomely dressed, haughty in a manner.."

about Monseineur

" wild, red woman"

about Pross

" a man of little more than thirty, but looking twenty years older... stout, loud, red, bluff.."

about Stryver

" The virtuous servant"

about cly

"Not a word was spoken, not a sound was made. She stood, like a spirit, beside him..."

alliteration

"There are no tricks in plain and simple faith. But hollow men, like horses hot at hand, Make gallant show and promise of their mettle."

alliteration

"And this the bleeding business they have done."

alliteration and inversion

"Clock strikes... The clock hath stricken"

anachronism

"As fire drives fire, so pity pity"

anadiplosis.

"It was very small, very dark, very ugly, very incommodious. "

anaphora

"Must I budge?/Must I observe you? Must I stand and crouch/Under your testy humor? "

anaphora and rhetorical questions

"Let's be sacrificers, but not butchers... Le't carve him as a dish fit for the gods, Not hem him as a carcass fit for hounds... We shall be called purgers, not murderers"(mark 2)

anaphora,, juxtaposition

"This was the noblest Roman of them all."

antithesis

"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair."

antithesis, parallelism and juxtaposition, paradox

symbol

anything that stands for or represents something else . . . An object that serves as a symbol has its own meaning, but it also represents abstract ideas.

"Cowards die many times before their deaths; the valiant never taste of death but once."

aphorism

"There is a tide in the affairs of men,/Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune;/Omitted, all the voyage of their life/ Is bound in shallows and in miseries."-

aphorism

"When love begins to sicken and decay, It useth an enfored ceremony."

aphorism

"Come, Antony, and young Octavius, come! Revenge yourselves alone on Cassius"

apostrophe

"O Antony, beg not your death of us." (Mark 2)

apostrophe and inversion

When Charles is re

arrested, what threee people is Dr. Manette told are denouncing Charles?-Mr. and Mrs. Defarge and "one other"

"My friend is dead, my neighbour is dead, my love, the darling of my soul, is dead;"

asyndeton

"You blocks, you stones. you worse than senseless things!"

asyndeton and hyperbole

When Carton leaves Mr. Lorry at the bank, what does he go buy?

chemicals

How does sky foreshadow upcoming events? What does Cassius compare it to?

compares to caesar foreshadows his death

List three of the jokes the people of the time made about the guillotine

cure for headaches; prevented hair from turning grey; "national razor which shaved close"

" Two Promises"

darnay promises Doctor to not reveal his true identity until the day of the wedding and Doctor promises Darnay not to tell Lucie his feelings for her so that her love will be genuine, instead of feelings prompted by her father.

Popilius Lena whispers to Cassius, "I wish your enterprise to

day may thrive." which makes Cassius paranoid. Trebonius distracts Antony so he won't interfere with conspirators plan. Metellus Cimber begs Caesar to unbanish his brother Caesar refuses even when Brutus, Cassius and others join in he states "But I am constant as the Northern Star,/ Of whose true-fixed and resting quality/ There is no fellow in the firmament."Casca stabs Caesar from behind last is brutus. Conspirators wash hands and weapons in caesars blood.

hubris

derived from the Greek word hybris, means "excessive pride." In Greek tragedy, hubris is often viewed as the flaw that leads to the downfall of the tragic hero.

T/F Carton assures Mr. Lorry that if Darnay is sentenced to death Lucie will be able to see him one more time.

false

What happens to the woman's brother, father, and younger sister?

father dies of heart failure on hearing his daughter was rape; brother dies of stab wound; younger sister is sent away someplace safe & secret.

" Fire Rises"

fire or revolution spreads like a fire and also chateau burned down

Describe Carton's responses to Stryver's self

flattery.- Carton stabs him with ironic, verbal jabs which completely pass over Stryver's head

" To tell thou shalt see me at Phillipi"

ghost of Caesar to Brutus

personification

giving human characteristics to a nonhuman subject ex. "The rock stubbornly refused to move."

During the years the pass after Lucy's marriage to Darnay, what happens to cartons relationship to her family?

he gets close to like lucies son then when lucies son dies he says give carton a kiss for me as he is dying, the kids pity him because he is so sad.

anastrophe

inversion of the usual, normal, or logical order of the parts of a sentence ex. Poe's "Once upon a midnight dreary . . ."

antithesis

involves a direct contrast of structurally parallel word groupings, generally for the purpose of contrast ex. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness . . ." -Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities

Rhetorical question

is a figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked in order to make a point rather than to elicit an answer.

catalyst

is the person that causes a change in plot or some event

"Brutus is noble, wise, valiant, and honest./Caesar was mighty, bold, royal, and loving."

parallelism

" One Night"

last night before Lucie is married

"You all did love him once, not without cause"

litote

Lepidus

part of triumvirate will be a scapegoat eventually

"Let me have men about me that are fat,/Sleek headed men and such as sleep a-nights./Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look./He thinks too much. Such men are dangerous."

metaphor

"Men at some times are masters of their fates./The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves, that we are underlings."

metaphor

"O setting sun: As in thy red rays thou dost sink tonight, So in his red blood Cassius's day is set./The sun of Rome is set. Our day is gone."

metaphor

"Poor man! I know he would not be a wolf/But that he sees the Romans are but sheep./He were no lion were not Romans hinds."

metaphor

"That I am meek and gentle with these butchers!"

metaphor

" I am very happy to

night dear father"- Lucie to father

What effect is created by Dickens' shift to first

person narration in the chapter, "Fifty-two"? - Makes it more immediate, personal and brings the reader closer to the danger (heightens suspense).

"There was a steaming mist in all the hollows, and it had roamed in its forlornness up the hill, like an evil spirit, seeking rest and finding none."

personifcation

"I have seen tempests when the scolding winds/Have rived the knotty oaks, and I have seen/Th' ambitious ocean swell and rage and foam/To be exalted with the threatening clouds,/But never till tonight, never till now,"

personification

"Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead!"

personification

"Mistrust of good success hath done this deed. O hateful error, melancholy's child, Why dost thou show to the apt thoughts of men The things that are not? O error, soon conceived, Thou never comest unto a happy birth But kill'st the mother that engendered thee!"

personification

"That this foul deed shall smell above the earth/With carrion men, groaning for burial."

personification

My heart is thirsty for that noble pledge.

personification

"It had stained many hands, too, and many faces, and many naked feet, and many wooden shoes."

polysynderton

"I am a member of bad soles,"

pun

"My credit now stands on such slippery ground"

pun

"Tellson's (they said) wanted no elbow

room, Tellson's wanted no light, Tellson's wanted no embellishment. Noakes and Co.'s might, or Snooks Brothers' might; but Tellson's, thank Heaven!"- anaphora, asyndeton, personification

What does she do to gain the wood

sawyer's goodwill. - She gives him money for drinks.

What was the wood

sawyers original occupation? - He was originally the mender of roads. He names himself Samson after the executioner saying "I'm the Samson of the firewood guillotine."

Act 2 Scene 2

set in Caesar's house during a night of thunder and lightning, and Caesar is commenting on the tumultuous weather and upon Calphurnia's having dreamed of his being murdered. Caesar sends a servant to the priests to know if this fate is true. Calpurnia begs him not to go to the Capitol today because of omens:1) a lioness hath whelped in the streets 2) graves have yawned and yielded up their dead, 3) warriors fought upon the clouds, 4) noise of battle. Info from the priest has returned and Caesar rejects it because his arrogance. Calpurnia has him stay home until Decius arrives and interprets her dream in a way that makes no since and is only used to serve his purpose of getting caesar to capitol "Signifies that from you great Rome shall suck Reviving blood, and that great men shall press For tinctures, statins, relics, and cognizance". Caesar goes to the capital

" Five Years Later"

setting the tone for book 2- 1775.

Marullus asks rhetorical questions to

shame the people

"A large cask of wine had been dropped and broken, in the street. The accident had happened in getting it out of a cart; the cask had tumbled out with a run, the hoops had burst, and it lay on the stones just outside the door of the wine

shop, shattered like a walnut-shell."- catalyst and simile

"Monseigneur in Town"

shows how much control he has and how selfish and arrogant he is. how he care little for the peasants humanity

" Monseigneur in Country"

shows the lack of care he has for the peasants

"His cold white head mingled with her radiant hair, which warmed and lighted it as though it were the light of Freedom shinning on him."

simile

"To ease ourselves of divers slanderous loads,/He shall but bear them as the ass bears gold,"

simile

"The strong tide, so swift, so deep and certain was like a congenial friend, in the morning stillness"

simile and personification "Hunger was pushed out of the tall houses, in the wretched clothing that hung upon poles and lines; Hunger was patched into them with straw and rag and wood and paper; Hunger was repeated in every fragment of the small modicum of firewood that the man sawed off; Hunger stared down from the smokeless chimneys, and stared up from the filthy street that had no offal, among its refuse, of anything to eat. Hunger was the inscription on the baker's shelves, written in every small loaf of his scanty stock of bad bread; at the sausage-shop, in every dead-dog preparation that was offered for sale. Hunger rattled its dry bones among the roasting chestnuts in the turned cylinder; Hunger was shred into atomics in every farthing porringer of husky chips of potato, fried with some reluctant drops of oil."- personification and anaphora

What is his cell like and who does he think about when he is first put there?

small, 5 by 4.5 feet, thinks about Dr. Manette in prison

What does it mean to be kept "In secret"?

solitary confinement

anachronism

something out of its normal time ex. In Troilus and Cressida, Shakespeare is guilty of anachronism when he allows Hector learned reference to Aristotle.

Paean

song of praise or joy

"Did you ask me for my name?" "Assuredly I did." "One Hundred and Five, North Tower." "Is that all?" "One Hundred and Five, North Tower."(Dickens 38) speaker and to

speaker Defarge to Manette

"'Eighteen years! Gracious Creator of day! To be buried alive for eighteen years!'"(Dickens 14) — speaker and to

speaker Lorry in Dream to ghost of Dr manette

What scene does the redness of the sun shining on the blood

stained grindstone echo? - Book II, Ch. 9 - after the Marquis' murder, the sun rose red and cast a red glow on everything it shines on, foreshadowing the coming bloodshed.

"The time was to come, when that wine too would be spilled on the street

stones, and when the stain of it would be red upon many there."- foreshadowing

"Speak hands for me!"

synecdoche

What is the significance of the title of the chapter, "Calm in Storm"?

the chapter is a pause in action to study Dr. Manette's reaction to Darnay's imprisonment and how bad Paris is. (time passes - 15 months); Dr. Manette becomes a calm in the storm of the Revolution

denotation

the dictionary meaning of a word ex. The word "house" means a dwelling or an abode.

The needle pointing at Lucie is defined as

the finger of fate

irony

the general name given to literary techniques that involve differences between a. appearances and reality b. expectation and result c. meaning and intention

To what is the following quote referring, "It superseded the cross."?

the guillotine

parenthesis

the insertion of words, phrases, or a sentence that is not syntactically related to the rest of the sentence (Its is set off by dashes or parentheses.) ex. He said that it was going to rain - I could hardly disagree - before the game was over.

third person narrator

the narrator reveals the thoughts and feelings of only one character

ellipsis

the omission of one or more words that is/are understood ex. Sarah went to her sister's softball game; Kate, to her grandmother's house; and Allison, to church.

" She looked an old woman, but was young..."

the peasant woman on the road

" The Sea Still Rises"

the peasants are still hopeful for change in their lives and are determined to " rise" and do so. ( THE PEOPLE REPRESENT THE SEA)

point of view

the perspective from which a story is told

syntax

the physical arrangement of words in a sentence

apposition

the placing next to a noun another noun or phrase that explains it ex. Pollution, the city's primary problem, is an issue.

motivation

the reason that explains or partially explains a character's thoughts, feelings, actions, or behavior

parallelism

the repetition of grammatical structure ex. The Heavens declare the glory of God; (S V DO) And the firmament sheweth his handiwork. (S V DO)

alliteration

the repetition of initial sounds ex. The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew . . ." -Coleridge

" A Companion Picture"

the scene between carton and stryver mirrors the convo between darnay and manette.

Who recognizes that Carton has taken Darnays place? What does he/she say to him? How does he respond?

the seemstress, "Are you dying for him?", "for his wife and child too"

connotation

the set of associations that occur to people when they hear or read a word ex. The word home evokes feelings of warmth, love, safety, comfort, etc.

Who is Mrs. Defarge?

the sister of the woman and boy that were killed by the Evermondes

foreshadowing

the use in a literary work of clues that suggest events that have yet to occur

onomatopoeia

the use of words that imitate sounds ex. "hiss," "buzz," "whirr," "sizzle," "coo," "cuckoo"

repetition

the use, more than once, of any element of language - a sound, a word, a phrase, a clause, or a sentence

Portia

the wife of Brutus. She proves her courage and strength by stabbing her thigh with a dagger in order to force Brutus to tell her about the plot to kill Caesar. She goes crazy and kills herself by swallowing hot coals from the fire after Mark Antony and Octavius assume power in Rome.

Calphurnia

the wife of Caesar. She has a dream in which she sees a statue of Caesar bleeding from multiple wounds, and begs him to stay at home the day he is killed. Caesar ignores her and goes to the Senate House anyway.

Who has Mrs. Defarge recruited to gives evidence against Lucie and little Lucie to denounce them? What is his evidence?

the wood sawyer, Lucie and little Lucie were signaling to the prisoners

tone

the writer's attitude toward his/her audience and subject

What is the significance of the title of the chapter, "Fifty

two"? - Fifty-two people are condemned to die at the guillotine that day (including Darnay)

literal language

uses words in their ordinary senses (the opposite of figurative language)

They said of him, about the city that night, that it was the peace fullest mans face ever beheld there, Many added (HE) looked sublime and prophetic

who is (HE):Sydney Carton

figurative language

writing or speech not meant to be interpreted literally ex. simile, metaphor, personification)

sensory details

writing or speech that appeals to one or more of the senses