English 201 Final
Which group of intellectual women established literary clubs of their own around 1750 under the leadership of Elizabeth Vesey and Elizabeth Montagu?
the bluestockings
What word did writers in this period use to express quickness of mind, inventiveness, a knack for conceiving images and metaphors and for perceiving resemblances between things apparently unlike?
wit
Which word did writers in this period use to express quickness of mind, inventiveness, a knack for conceiving images and metaphors and for perceiving resemblances between things apparently unlike
wit
Which of the following is not an example of Restoration comedy?
Marlowe's "Doctor Faustus"
This quack is the doctor in Hogarth's work
Monsieur de la Pillule
The Exclusion Crisis had no immediate effect on the British political system nor did it have any lasting effect.
False
What does Pope conclude after describing humanity's place in the universe?
that humanity should use reason but should understand that people cannot know everything
What name is Equiano given by his master?
Gustavas Vassa
Aphra Behn offers a response to Wilmot's curse to women at the end of "The Imperfect Enjoyment" in which one of her works?
"The Dissapointment"
In Dryden's "Mac Flecknoe," Mac means
"son of"
The literature of the Restoration and the eighteenth century divides into three shorter periods of approximately 40 years each. Which of the statements below most accurately describes these three periods?
1660-1700 (emphasis on neoclassicism and elegant, simple prose); 1700-1744 (emphasis on satire and wit); 1744-1785 (emphasis on the novel, nature poetry)
The literature of the Restoration and the eighteenth century divides into three shorter periods of approximately 40 years each. Which of the statements below most accurately describes these three periods?
1660-1700 (emphasis on neoclassicism and elegant, simple prose); 1700-1744 (emphasis on satire and wit); 1744-1785 (emphasis on the novel, nature poetry) Correct
Libertines or rakes:
a group of people in restoration who devoted their lives to a quest for pleasure, power, and sexual conquest. John Wilmot, the Second Earl of Rochester, is the most famous example. In a sense, their very actions were satire against the Age of Reason.
What happened in 1707 that would forever alter the relationship between England, Wales, and Scotland?
Act of Union
In "A Modest Proposal," one of the ways the narrator justifies the proposal is claiming that another nation already practices his proposal and a friend of his from that country can testify that the source of food makes rather good meals. To which nation does his friend belong?
America
Which of the following women exposed themselves to scandal by writing racy stories for the popular press?
Aphra Behn, Delarivier Manley, and Eliza Haywood
Mitigated Skepticism:
As a reaction to dogmatism, many philosophers adopted the position of mitigated skepticism, which argued that human beings could achieve a sufficient degree of necessary knowledge, but the pursuit of absolute certainty was vain, mad, and socially ruinous.
At the conclusion of the Proposal, the narrator declares that he has "not the least personal interest in endeavoring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the public good of my country" (2639). What evidence does the narrator give that his advice is free from other motives?
He has no children who will be affected by the scheme, and thus cannot make money from it and His wife is past childbearing, and thus the narrator cannot benefit by "breeding" her.
Satirical writing became quite popular during the Restoration and continued well into the 1700s. Which satirical work examines the religious conflict that split Britain?
Hudibras
A major sub‐theme in the memoir involves Equiano's conversion to
Christianity
Consider the setting established in Swift's opening paragraph. In what "great town" does one see the "melancholy object" of mothers begging bread for their children?
Dublin
At the beginning of the Restoration period, there was a seismic shift in the social, political, and religious attitudes of the English. Which of the following statements best describes that shift?
England shifted from a republican Puritan commonwealth to an aristocratic Anglican monarchy.
Which of the following countries were united as Great Britain by the 1707 Act of Union?
England, Scotland, and Wales
Olaudah Equiano sees the flaws in himself when he cares for a silversmith not out of the desire for the common good but out of a desire for wealth. When he opens the silversmith's trunk
Equiano finds nothing
Who was deposed from the English throne in the Glorious, or Bloodless, Revolution in 1688?
James II
In An Essay on Man, Pope claims that he hopes to 'vindicate' God's ways to man. What poem does this echo?
John Milton's paradise lost
Who suspended the test act of 1673?
King James II
In "Marriage-a-la-Mode," this man is trying to secure is family's future by marrying his son off to the daughter of a family that is rich, but of lower class than his:
Lord Squanderfield
Which name was not a member of Addison and Steele's "The Spectator's Club"?
Lord Squanderfield
Horace's doctrine "ut pictura poesis" was interpreted to mean:
Poetry ought to be a visual as well as a verbal art
This character explains to Gulliver the political tensions between the two principal parties, the High-Heels and the Low-Heels.
Reldressal
Who became the first "prime minister" of Great Britain in the reign of George II?
Robert Walpole
The Restoration and the eighteenth century saw an enormous upsurge of interest in natural philosophy, or what we now think of as science. Empiricism and the scientific method was key to this new science. Which figure is most closely associated with empiricism of this time?
Sir Francis Bacon
This law or act relaxed the strain of religious conflict by granting a limited freedom of worship to Dissenters so long as they swore allegiance to the crown:
The Toleration Act
The Graveyard School:
a group of writers emphasizing sensibility. The subjects of their works were often the deserted village and decaying farms left vacant by the surge in industry and trade that made London and other English urban centers grow so rapidly
what is an epistle?
a letter to a person, which is usually formal
With its forbidden themes of incest, murder, necrophilia, atheism, and torments of sexual desire, Horace Walpole's Castle of Otranto, created which literary genre?
the Gothic Romance
The crisis over the Exclusion Bill effectively divided the country into which two political parties?
The tories and the whigs
Whom is the person Dryden is satirically mocking in the poem Mac Flecknoe?
Thomas Shadwell
True or False? During the Restoration, an increased importance was placed on the private literary genres, like diaries, and public genres, like periodicals.
True
The two new political parties that formed in Great Britain during this period were called?
Whigs and Tories
Glorious or Bloodless Revolution:
William Orange and his wife Mary landed in England with a small army and seized power
Deism:
a doctrine that claims that religion need not depend on mystery or biblical truths and could rely on reason alone, which recognized the goodness and wisdom of natural law and its creator.
travesty or burlesque:
a form of satire that takes a serious subject and debases it by using a low style or distorts it by grotesque exaggeration. Hudibras is a famous example of this form of satire.
In what sense does Swift use the word "projector" in this piece?
a person who imagines projects and schemes
What is an elegy?
a poem written as a lament for someone who has died
Decorum
a principle of classical literature and a rule of writing that emphasizes the union between subject matter and form. Writers like Dryden emphasized this literary principle.
another name for the Restoration is
age of reason
Which of the following best describes the doctrine of empiricism?
all knowledge is derived from experience
A product of British imperialism, Addison and Steele's The Spectator:
applies the whig notion of commerce to many aspects of life
What name is given to the English literary period that emulated the Rome of Virgil, Horace, and Ovid?
augustan
The source of the hostilities between Lilliput and Blefuscu is a dispute over whether one should
break one's egg at the larger end (Blefuscu) or the smaller end (lilliuput)
"Hudibras" is a famous example of the form of satire that takes a serious subject a debases it by using a low style or distorts it by grotesque exaggeration. Hudibras is a famous example of this form of satire
burlesque
Rochester's "The Imperfect Enjoyment" is ironic because it is in the voice of a libertine who when faced with sexual pleasure
cant perform sexually
Imperialism:
refers to the economic practice of one main nation establishing colonies to gain raw materials in order to turn them into great profits.
Toleration Act:
relaxed the strain of religious conflict by granting a limited freedom of worship to Dissenters so long as they swore allegiance to the crown.
Test Act of 1673:
required all holders of civil and military offices to take the sacrament in the Anglican Church and deny transubstantiation
In An Essay on Man, Pope claims that "whatever is, IS _________"?
right
Gulliver's Travels is characterized by which of the following?
commentary on the effective political, social, and economic institutions of the time
What term refers to an ardent, unmitigated approach to belief that people of The Restoration considered very dangerous. In fact, the most widely shared intellectual impulse of the age was a distrust of it.
dogmatism
What term refers to an ardent, unmitigated approach to belief that people of The Restoration considered very dangerous. In fact, the most widely shared intellectual impulse of the age was a distrust of it?
dogmatism
Which poet, critic and translator brought England a modern literature between 1660 and 1700?
dryden
Which of these is the best paraphrase of the line "The paths of glory lead but to the grave" (line 36)?
everyone dies, even the famous and glorious
When Swift writes, "I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children" (2635), the word "dear" means
expensive financially and emotionally precious
In the English Augustan Age, all of the following were stylistic changes EXCEPT
greater emphasis on metaphysics
Swift's Gulliver's travels was originally intended as:
satire on current affairs
Which of the following is the best definition of irony?
saying n=one thing, but implying something different often the opposite
This word designates the belief that social conduct, or the desire to do good to your fellow man, rested in instinctual feeling rather than divinely sanctioned moral codes. It also stressed the social importance of fellow feeling and sympathy in social relations.
sensibility
Which philosophy locates the bases of social conduct in instinctual feeling rather than divinely sanctioned moral codes?
sentimentalism
What important change does Equiano's new religious faith produce?
he is no longer afraid to die
Gulliver agrees to all of the following conditions in order to be free in Lilliput EXCEPT?
he promises not to spy on the king in his palace
What circumstance enabled Equiano to buy his freedom?
he was able to buy and sell goods while working on ships owned by his master
As seen in the witty rhyming of "An Essay on Man" in pairs of lines like, "Know then thyself, presume not God to scan; / The proper study of mankind is man," which metrical form was Pope said to have brought to perfection?
heroic couplet
What fate awaits the starving children of this "great town"?
indentured servitude in the colonies, thievery, or beggary
In the introduction to Wilmot , page 2297 points out that the poem is really a criticism of the Age of Reason becuase it challenges notions that right reason can lead all men to noble action. Instead, like Hobbes, Wilmot points out that people are driven by what as much as they are driven by reason.
instinct
what is lemuel gulliver's occupation?
surgeon
The six-inch-high people whom Gulliver meets on his first voyage are known as
lilliputians
Mock-heroic:
literature uses heroic conventions for parody and satire. A mock-epic is a type of satire that treats the low, mean, or absurd in the grand language, lofty style and solemn tone of the epic tradiition
Throughout "The Deserted Village", nature's invasion of the deserted village is not cause for celebration, as it might be in a Romantic poem; instead, nature is taking the place of the once-productive human occupants of this space. Identify below all of the images associated with this idea.
long grass overtopping the moldering wall tangling walks, ruined bowers the glassy brook, now choked with sedges
Hogarth painted Marriage a la Mode series as biting social commentary. What was it in society that he thought should be changed?
marriage based on aristocratic scheming
Which type of satire treats the low, mean, or absurd in the grand language, lofty style, and solemn tone of the epic tradition?
mock-epic
Addison and Steele's Tatler and Spectator....
modeled an ideal intellectual life and social politeness
according to samuel johnson, "no man but a blockhead ever wrote except for...."
money
What was most frequently considered a source of pleasure and an object of inquiry by Augustan poets?
nature
What was the origin of the modern newspaper?
people who wanted to keep current would subscribe to a manuscript newsletter
Joseph Addison and Richard Steele were pioneers in which literary form?
periodicals
Many Restoration writers sought to consolidate and popularize the social graces of the previous age. Many turned to these forms of writing that appeared at frequent intervals and characteristically in the form of essays. They were read and then discussed in coffeehouses, salons, and other segments of the public sphere. What were these forms called?
periodicals
Which of the following was a major factor in the unprecedented economic wealth of Great Britain during the eighteenth century?
the exploitation of colonial resources, labor, and the slave trade
Who was the group of writers emphasizing sensibility? The subjects of their works were often the deserted village and decaying farms left vacant by the surge in industry and trade that made London and other English urban centers grow so rapidly?
the graveyard school
Which metrical form was Pope said to have brought to perfection?
the heroic couplet
This word designates the belief that social conduct, or the desire to do good to your fellow man, rested in instinctual feeling rather than divinely sanctioned moral codes. It also stressed the social importance of fellow feeling and sympathy in social relations.
the middle passage
Which statement is correct about the Restoration period being called the Restoration?
the monarchy was returned to the English throne; It marks the restoration and re-opening of English theatres and the restoration of the Church of England as the established church; it begins in 1666
what was "restored" in 1660?
the monarchy, in the reign of Charles II
In the first part of Gulliver's Travels the edict involving egg-breaking ("big-endians" vs "little-endians") alludes to:
the pettiness of protestant and catholic churches
Explaining the seeming contradiction between these good laws and the rope-dancing corruptions, Gulliver says that the latter were instituted by whom?
the present emperor's grandfather
What is the "public sphere"?
the public venues where readers circulated and discussed matters of public interest and the published commentary on matters of national interest
This law or act relaxed the strain of religious conflict by granting a limited freedom of worship to Dissenters so long as they swore allegiance to the crown.
the toleration act
Against which of the following principles did Jonathan Swift inveigh?
theoretical science metaphysics abstract logical deductions
the object of satire ?
to ridicule and to correct human follies and vice
What is the proposal made in "A modest Proposal"?
to use the one-year old babies of the poor as food for the rich
in what format did swift present his satire, gulliver's travels?
travelogue
True or False: one of the restoration's emerging social ideas was that of politeness?
true
True or False? The narrator claims his scheme will have these advantages: tavern business will increase locally; exports will profit the nation; poor tenants will have a means of making money; the number of Papists (Catholics; then viewed as a threat to the English throne) will be reduced; and it will increase domestic tenderness of men toward their wives and promote m
true
Act of Union:
united England, Scotland, and Wales in 1707
The high heels and low heels in Gulliver's Travels are meant to represent
whigs and tories
Satires
works of a variety of genres devoted to an attack on social ills through the use of ridicule in order to improve the situation. the satire can take many forms. They often revert the rules of decorum to humorous effect. In the Restoration, satire often attacked dogmatism
Oppression of the poor by landlords, lack of training in trades by which poor people could improve their lot, and want of food and housing for the poor all drove Swift to
write this work