English 3 Unit 8

(L9) How does the use of words change in a text over time? (Use examples of words in this text.)

(AMV) My Answer: The use of words changes over time because there becomes new meanings and, understandings and interpretations. For example, conviction and convincing. They both come from the same root word, but conviction means to be do be declared as something (commonly innocent/guilty are the most popular terms associated with it.) Convincing means to persuade someone to think, act or do things in a predetermined way.

(Q3) ______ - means capable of, tending to or given to; makes an adjective

-able, -ible

(Q3) _________ - means "of," "relating to" or "characterized by;" makes an adjective

-al

(Q3) _________ - a state or process; changes a verb into a noun

-ation, -tion

(Q3) _________ - refers to a person who does the action of the word's verb; makes a noun

-er or -or

(Q3) _________ - makes a noun describing movements, beliefs, attitudes, or behavior

-ism

(Q3) _________ - refers to a state or quality; by changing an adjective into a noun

-ness

(Q1) What is the required length of the body of the research paper?

5-to-7 pages

(L1) The final grade of this paper is worth ____________ of the Unit Test score.

50%

(L5) What THREE major questions do you ask yourself when critiquing your research plan?

Are you finding sources with accurate, reliable evidence? Does the evidence appear to answer your major research question? Is the amount of evidence you are finding sufficient?

(Q2) Choose the THREE major questions to ask yourself when critiquing your research plan.

Are you finding sources with accurate, reliable evidence? Does the evidence appear to answer your major research question? Is the amount of evidence you are finding sufficient?

(Q3) ______ is/are for use in an introduction of a paper and gives context or history about a topic.

Background information

(L7) Select the three purposes of an introduction.

Capture the readers' attention; Set the tone; Announce the thesis statement.

(L8) Which thesis could best use the data of both Graph A and Table B?

Cities with the most violent crimes should work for legislation to intervene in the lives of youth to reduce these rates.

(Q3) _______ is the act of persuading or convincing.

Conviction

(L1) ______ are the reasons that oppose your idea or theory.

Counterarguments

(L9) _______ are affixes that change the grammatical use of root words.

Derivational morphemes

(Q3) _____ are affixes that change the grammatical use of words.

Derivational morphemes

(L2) ________ are those who have a consensus of their peers in establishments that would testify to their expertise.

Experts

(L8) Which statement best expresses why people need to be careful about making judgments or practices based on data?

Furthermore, in most human affairs, results are produced by a multiplicity of causes; and though statistics may throw light on three quarters of all the causes that are potent in any given case, yet the other quarter, which are irreducible to definite statement, may wholly alter the result.

(Q1) When considering the idea for research, what questions should a student ask? (33/100)

How can I persuade my audience on an emotional level to believe in my personal cause? Will I be able to argue both sides and convince my audience of my idea? Will my idea be of the appropriate length and complexity to fill the required length of my paper?

(PT) Which question is relevant to ask when evaluating data?

How could this data be incorrect or purposefully manipulated?

(Q3) ______ means being rude or showing a lack of respect.

Impertinence

(L9) Which definition of the word exposition is used in sentence 2 of paragraph 1 in The Making of Arguments? Is it the same or different as used in sentence 4?

In sentence 2, the definition is "an explanation. . . ." In sentence 4, it is "the action of making an idea, proposal, or law public."

(L8) Where would that information probably be found?

Information should be found on the FBI website.

(L7) From the Lesson, what are the transition or connecting words used in the thesis statement of the introduction and in the paraphrased thesis in the conclusion?

Introduction: Because of this Conclusion: Then

(L3) Topic: Reading classical literature is necessary to expand a student's knowledge.

Is reading classical literature necessary to expand a student's knowledge?

(L3) Topic: There is too much violence allowed in sports.

Is there too much violence allowed in sports?

(L1) In "Steps for Writing an Argumentative Research Paper," which step is the most important?

Make a Research Plan.

(Q1) Select the FIVE major steps to writing a research paper according to the outline in Lesson 1.

Make a Research Plan. Write an Outline, Draft, and Works-Cited Page. Evaluate Draft for Clarity and Purpose; Revise. Proofread and Edit. Publish

(Q2) Match the descriptions with the words. scheme antithesis tone formal key words voice

Match the descriptions with the words. a change in usual grammar structures to emphasize ideas, add focus, and change the rhythm in writing utilizes parallelism to deliver an equivalent statement and makes ideas more memorable the author's attitude affected by diction and rhetorical devices the tone of an argumentative research paper that does not use familiar point of view or emotional appeals similar or the same words used in a paragraph and topic sentence to keep ideas organized the individualized pattern of style of a writer

(Q2) Match the descriptions with the words. outline parenthetical citation plagiarism primary source red herring circular reasoning

Match the descriptions with the words. a major organizational task that uses Roman Numerals and letters to prepare information before writing a draft citing a source in a text with the author's name and a page number in parentheses an act of fraud when writers infer another's work or idea is their own first-hand evidence from the time of the event being studied a deliberate diverting away from the question to avoid answering it going in circles with no new useful information for explanation

(L4) ________ is an act of fraud when writers use another's work or idea as their own.

Plagiarism

(L1) Put the five steps to writing an argumentative research paper in order.

Put the five steps to writing an argumentative research paper in order. 1: Make a Research Plan. 2: Write an Outline, Draft, and Works-Cited Page. 3: Evaluate Draft for Clarity and Purpose; Revise. 4: Proofread and Edit. 5: Publish

(Q3) ______ is a cause to be clearly visible.

Relief

(L6) ________ is a particular question, idea, or grammar structure used several times for emphasis and readability.

Repetition

(L3) Topic: Minimum wage should be increased.

Should minimum wage be increased?

(L8) From the first paragraph, one could infer that _______.

Statistics may be biased; There could be errors in statistics.

(Q3) Choose the FOUR items that an effective conclusion may include. (25/100)

Summarize the body paragraphs; Paraphrase the thesis statement; Provide insight about the thesis statement; Cite all the source information.

(L7) Select SEVEN items that an effective conclusion may include.

Summarizing the ideas of the body paragraphs; Paraphrasing the thesis statement; Deriving a conclusion based upon the body; Providing insight about the thesis statement; Giving descriptions, details, facts, or opinions that are not in the body; Referring to an idea in the introduction; Creating a meaningful, unforgettable ending statement

(L8) Comparing the graph and the table, which data would probably be the most accurate? Why?

Table B; because the numbers are from the FBI website.

(L8) Exactly what data in Graph A is not defined?

The data that is not defined are the numbers at the left. "Rates" are percentages, but are these numbers the actual numbers of nonviolent crimes? It doesn't say.

(L8) If the source for Graph A is a secondary source, what source of information is missing concerning the data?

The primary source of the information is missing.

(L8) According to the text written below Table B, why would comparing data from one year to the next in a city not be accurate?

The text says reporting practices on crime types have changed.

(L8) Briefly describe the information presented in Graph A.

These are the top 10 cities with the highest crime rates in 2015. These cities have populations of over 250,000.

(L8) If a person was examining the crime categories, what more information would they need to understand the specific crimes?

They would need to look at the definition of the crimes.

(L8) What might be a problem about using the data for this purpose?

This might be a problem because some larger cities may have safer areas than others.

(L3) A(n) __________ is a graphic organizer that compares and contrasts two items.

Venn diagram

(L6) ______ is the individualized pattern of style of a writer.

Voice

(L8) Choose the statement that best expresses the main idea of the selection.

With this precaution, however, statistics are the foundation of most arguments on large questions.

(L3) A(n) ______ has a central topic and supporting information.

Word Web cluster

(Q1) What are the reasons that oppose the writer's idea or theory and should be anticipated by the writer?

[bias]

(L9) Select FOUR dictionary definitions of the following word. You may have to search several dictionaries to find the different meanings. exposition (n.)

a large organized themed exhibit; the action of making an idea, proposal, or law public; an explanation of a particular idea or theory; in music, a part of a movement

(PT) The term for a person who supports an idea, a cause, or another person is _______.

a partisan

(L1) What are the SIX necessary items and requirements for the final research paper?

a picture, graph, or chart of data as one source written in third-person point of view 1,250 words (minimum) a works-cited page an outline a minimum of three sources that are counterarguments

(L9) Define the word partisans as it is used in the context of sentence 4 in paragraph 3.

a strong supporter of a party or cause

(PT) For a research paper, a thesis should synthesize information from various sources to become ________.

a unique idea

(Q1) What should a thesis be?

a unique idea

(L8) What might be the most original source if a person wanted to look at specific crimes and how they are categorized in a city or county?

actual reports written by officers and how the computers categorize them from their offices

(L9) Select the sentence where the word is used correctly, then select its correct part of speech. expository

adjective; My expository essay explained why I chose to become a computer programmer.

(L9) Select the sentence where the word is used correctly, then select its correct part of speech. argumentative

adjective; Sal is argumentative when I speak of my music preferences.

(L9) Select the sentence where the word is used correctly, then select its correct part of speech. arguable

adjective; That thesis is not arguable because it expresses an opinion.

(L4) Which sources would not be good when researching on a current medical practice?

advertisements that promote sales; out-of-date information; Wikipedia

(L2) The two most important factors to know when determining what vocabulary and reading level to use when writing are the audience's ______ and _______.

age; education

(PT) Plagiarism is defined as ________.

an act of fraud using another's idea or words as one's own

(Q1) Check all the necessary items in the final research paper that will be turned in to the teacher. (50/100)

an outline; 5-to-7 pages; a minimum of three sources; a works-cited page

(L6) A(n) ________ utilizes parallelism to deliver an equivalent and makes ideas more memorable.

antithesis

(L1) The research paper is due ________________.

at the end of the Unit

(Q1) When is this research paper due?

at the end of this Unit

(L2) Writers must know their _______ so they can know what to write about and how to present it.

audience

(L6) The purpose of ______ is to contain enough evidence to prove the thesis statement.

body paragraphs

(L9) Which definition of the word "relief" is used in the text?

cause to be clearly visible

(PT) A logical fallacy that has no new useful information for explanation (such as X is true because of Y; Y is true because of X) is called _________.

circular reasoning

(PT) A parenthetical citation is _______.

citing a source in a text with an author's name and a page number

(L6) Every paragraph should support or ______ the ideas in the thesis.

link to

(PT) Body paragraphs should consist of _______.

main ideas and supporting details

(PT) Which major task is important to do before starting a rough draft to insure that the paper's ideas are organized?

make an outline

(PT) When -al is added to the end of a word, the word _______.

means "of," "relating to," or "characterized by"

(L4) It is especially important not to ________ a person by adding or leaving out information.

misquote

(L8) In Table B, what major differences between types of crimes and their numbers in the three cities stand out? Select three examples. (Estimate percentages: number of crimes divided by population.)

much higher rate of murders in Detroit; Memphis has a much lower motor vehicle theft; aggravated assaults are much lower in Oakland

(PT) When -ism is added to the end of a word, it makes a(n) ________.

noun about a movement, belief, or attitude

(L3) The purpose of this research paper is to be _______ and formal to present different sides of an argument and find which is the most valid.

objective

(Q1) The purpose of this research paper is to be _______—to present different sides of an argument and come to a conclusion.

objective

(L5) If there is not enough information about an idea, then the research question is _______, concealed or unknown, and it needs to be changed.

obscure

(L2) Students should not write on a topic that would _____ their teachers or anyone else who may read their paper.

offend

(L2) A(n) _______ is a judgment based on feeling and personal perspective.

opinion

(L2) Getting a new car always brings happiness to the owner.

opinion

(L2) Poodles make the best pets because of their intelligence.

opinion

(L2) Students should be involved in some kind of sports each semester.

opinion

(PT) A long dress is formal attire.

opinion

(Q1) Students should have a job by the time they get to high school.

opinion

(L5) Making a(n) _____ is an important organizational task to do before writing a draft.

outline

(L3) A graphic organizer can also express ______ organization.

paragraph

(L4) A(n) ___________ is information placed in parentheses directly after a quotation or paraphrase in a text. The author's name and a page number are placed in parentheses.

parenthetical citation

(L6) "The polar bears were stranded by the melting iceberg that broke off." This sentence has a(n) _______ verb in the sentence structure.

passive

(PT) The most important step in writing a research paper is _______.

planning

(PT) A logical fallacy that proposes something caused an event just because it occurred before that event is called ________.

post hoc

(L4) A(n) ___________ is first-hand evidence from the time of the event being studied, and a(n) ___________ uses it in the text.

primary source; secondary source

(L1) Choose THREE things that make a good argumentative research paper.

proves the thesis includes different ideas or opinions has credible sources for evidence

(Q1) Check all the characteristics of a good argumentative research paper.

proves the thesis; has credible sources for evidence; includes different ideas; (idk what the last one is, sorry)

(PT) A deliberate diverting away from the question to avoid answering is a logical fallacy called a(n) ________.

red herring

(PT) When -er or -or is added to the end of a verb, the word _________.

refers to a person who does that action

(L5) The research plan may need to be changed, and the research question _________ before wasting any more time.

refocused

(L1) Planning includes a critique of the research plan and possibly the need to ______, or make changes to the research question and thesis. However, the topic must first be approved by your _____.

reformulate; teacher

(L1) A student should anticipate what the counterarguments may be, write them in the paper, and ______ them by using evidence.

refute

(L6) Body paragraphs also need to ______ any counterarguments that the writer may think the reader may have.

refute

(PT) Graphic organizers help a writer _________.

show thinking patterns; express paragraph organization

(Q1) How do graphic organizers assist a writer? (33/100)

show thinking patterns; give them subject matter help to compare and contrast items

(L3) The intersecting information on a Venn diagram shows the ________, and the information in the separate areas shows the ________.

similarities; differences

(Q1) A good research paper should have expert evidence to support the claims. What is the definition of an expert?

someone who is known by peers and the establishments in that field

(PT) The term for a piece of data expressed in numbers and percentages is a(n) _______.

statistic

(Q3) A(n) _________ is a piece of data usually expressed in numbers and percentages.

statistic

(Q2) Choose TWO types of sources that would be good when doing research on a current state law.

studies with expert sources and data cited; university studies

(L2) Strong evidence will _____ the thesis and win the argument.

support

(L9) Select FOUR dictionary definitions of the following word. You may have to search several dictionaries to find the different meanings. argument (n.)

supporting ideas for diverse positions; discussion of opposing views; a summary of the ideas in a book; a theme, topic, or subject matter

(PT) When researching, a student should ________.

take notes from different sources

(Q1) What does a student do during research?

take notes from different sources; reformulate the research question

(L9) Define the word conviction as it is used in the context of the sentences in paragraphs 3 and 4.

the act of convincing someone, or causing someone to believe something

(L1) Credibility is ________.

the state of being credible or trusted as accurate

(L1) Validity is ________.

the state of being valid or relevant for a particular purpose

(L2) A(n) ____________ is an explanation for an event or series of events, but does not have absolute proof.

theory

(L2) Cancer is possibly caused by emotional stress.

theory

(L2) Some scientists say dinosaurs evolved from birds.

theory

(L2) Violent video games may cause criminal behavior.

theory

(PT) Automobile fumes may cause global warming.

theory

(Q1) Some scientists believe that as the universe slows down, it will die in a freeze.

theory

(L1) The conclusion of an argumentative research paper is the _____ statement.

thesis

(L3) Graphic organizers help a writer visualize different kinds of __________, and online charts or word wizards help an author __________ ideas.

thinking patterns; brainstorm

(L3) A(n) _______ can show different sequential periods that can be written into different paragraphs.

timeline

(Q3) A(n) ______ should be interesting and give the reader an idea of what the argument will prove.

title

(PT) Which answer is NOT one of the three purposes of an introduction?

to introduce yourself to your audience

(L6) Diction and rhetorical devices affect the ______ or author's attitude toward a text.

tone

(L6) Effective counterarguments have ______ words to help organize opposite ideas such as however, on the other hand, and contrary to that idea.

transition

(L1) The thesis should be an original or _______ idea from a discussion of the pros and cons of your idea.

unique

(PT) A formal research paper must ______.

use third-person point of view

(Q3) Statistics are _______.

useful, but should be carefully analyzed for bias and errors

(Q1) When writing a research paper, a writer should check sources for _____.

validity credibility

(L1) Your sources should contain evidence that has ___________ and ___________.

validity; credibility

(L9) Select the sentence where the word is used correctly, then select its correct part of speech. argue

verb; My sister and I argue over what chores we shall do.

(L9) Select the sentence where the word is used correctly, then select its correct part of speech. expose

verb; The announcement exposes the verdict to the public.

(PT) The term for describing the individualized pattern of writing style for an author is __________.

voice

(L2) Weak evidence makes a(n) _________ argument in a research paper.

weak

(L2) The purpose of an argumentative research paper is to _______ readers of the conclusion or thesis.

convince

(L6) The body paragraphs should answer any questions to _______ that the reader may have.

counterarguments

(PT) Reasons of the opposite position that should be refuted in the research paper are ________.

counterarguments

(L4) Often, a teacher may require specific sources or information only from a library ________.

database

(PT) The term of an affix that changes the grammatical use of a word is a(n) ________.

derivational morpheme

(L9) Which definition for argument is used in the context of sentence 1 of paragraph 1 from The Making of Arguments?

discussion of opposing views

(L6) After the outline, the writer should begin a rough ______.

draft

(L8) When examining data, which FIVE variables could mislead a person about the types and number of crimes actually committed in a city?

errors in the computer database that compile the information; crimes that occurred and were not reported to the authorities; workers incorrectly categorizing types of crimes; people faking crimes against themselves; purposeful and erroneous manipulation of data

(L7) To introduce a thesis in a paper, the writer could refer to current or past action ___________ that attract the reader's attention or provide ___________ information (context or history of the topic), or include interesting ___________ that did not fit elsewhere in the outline.

events; background; details

(L2) Ninety-eight percent of the seniors at Washington High graduated this year according to the school report.

evidence

(L2) Shakespeare is the second most quoted English writer, states express.co.uk.

evidence

(PT) The author uses sarcasm: "Wow, that's a great idea, to just sit in the rain all day waiting for someone who may never come!"

evidence

(PT) There are sea gulls at the pond on Josey Lane, and we took some pictures of them.

evidence

(Q1) According to the school records today, half of the students get free or reduced rates for their lunches.

evidence

(Q1) Eighty-nine percent agreed in the survey that they were favorable to the governor's new policy of reporting crimes.

evidence

(L4) When choosing a person to interview, a researcher should find a(n) _________ on the subject.

expert

(PT) The term for an explanation of an idea or theory is _______.

exposition

(Q3) A(n) ______ is an explanation of a particular idea or theory.

exposition

(L1) The minimum page count for the body of the paper will be _______ pages.

five

(PT) Expert evidence consists of _______.

information from people known by their peers as credible

(L2) If a writer wanted to publish and sell her work, probably, the most important factor would be if the audience finds the topic _______.

interesting

(L7) A title should be _______ and give the reader a(n) _______ of what the argument proves.

interesting; idea

(L6) To help organize ideas in a paragraph, the writer should use _______ throughout the text that may be similar or the same words used in the topic sentence.

key words

(PT) Similar or the same words in a paragraph that keep ideas organized and on the same topic are called _______.

key words

(L9) Define the word impertinence as it is used in the context of sentence 2 in paragraph 4.

lack of respect or rudeness

(Q3) Choose the THREE purposes of an effective introduction.

Announce the thesis statement; Capture the reader's attention; Set the tone.

(L8) How might a real estate agent use the FBI's data on crime rates in cities when trying to attract people to move to a city?

A real estate agent could point out if a city's crime rate is low to attract people to a city.

(L8) What is a statistic?

A statistic is a piece of data usually expressed in numbers and percentages.

(L8) Which statement best expresses how data or statistics could be erroneous?

A very little human nature will upset a very great body of statistics.

(Q3) ______ are from current times or the past and can attract the reader's attention in an introduction.

Action events

(Q2) Match the descriptions with the words. post hoc obscure parallelism body paragraphs refute transitions

Match the descriptions with the words. stating that something caused an event just because it occurred before that event describes something concealed or unknown (for example, source material on a topic that is hard to find or does not have much of it) a sentence structure that gives equal importance to several ideas the written text that contains all the main ideas and supporting details to prove the thesis statement what a writer needs to do to counterarguments words or phrases that help to organize opposite ideas when arguing against counterarguments

(L4) Match the four erroneous forms of logic (logical fallacies) to the definition. Assumption Circular reasoning Post hoc Red herring

Match the four erroneous forms of logic (logical fallacies) to the definition. a speculation not based on proof. going in circles with no new useful information for explanation. states that something caused an event just because it occurred before that event. a deliberate diverting away from the question to avoid answering it.

(L9) Match the suffixes with the descriptions. -er or -or -ism -able or -ible -al -ness -ation or -tion

Match the suffixes with the descriptions. refers to a person who does the action of that verb; makes a noun makes a noun describing movements, beliefs, attitudes, or behavior capable of, tending to or given to; makes an adjective of, relating to, or characterized by; makes an adjective refers to a state or quality; changes an adjective to a noun a state or process; changes a verb into a noun

(L8) Does Graph A define exactly what kind of crimes it includes?Based on Table B, which category or categories do you think it includes?

No; It probably includes the categories: violent crime, murder, and non-negligent manslaughter.

(L6) _______ gives equal importance to ideas and can be used for a topic sentence to relate to several ideas.

Parallelism

(Q3) _____ are people who support an idea, cause, or person.

Partisans

(L6) The tone of an argumentative research paper is _______ and does not use first-person or familiar-point of view, or present unsubstantiated opinions or appeals to emotion.

formal

(L4) Unreliable information on the internet may have ___________, ___________, or ___________.

fraud bias error

(L6) A paragraph's organization may be from general information to specific, or the opposite from specific to ______.

general

(Q1) What is most important before choosing the research question and formulating a thesis?

get the topic approved by the teacher

(L3) The idea about a topic needs to be turned into a major _________.

research question

(L6) However, the ______ and the thesis may have to be ______ first.

research question; revised

(L6) A(n) _______ is a change in the usual grammar structures or patterns to emphasize ideas and add focus by changing the rhythm in writing.

scheme

(PT) Changes in the usual grammar structures to emphasize ideas, to add focus, and to change the rhythm in writing are called ________.

schemes

(L4) Which would be the best sources for a formal research paper?

scientific journals from reputable publishers that have been fact-checked' websites from formal institutions, accredited universities, and government offices

(L5) The information on an outline may be too narrow or broad in ________ and may need to be changed.

scope