English Midterm
(G) "I'm sorry" said Fran.
"I'm sorry," said Fran. Rule: Use commas with expressions like "he said" to set off direct quotations
Hemingway's famous quote
"Write the truest sentence you know"
The Waste Land
- 1922 - poem by T.S. Eliot - subject: spiritually empty civilization paralyzed by indecision
(AWM) Relationship between Clark and Georgina
- Clark spent much of his childhood with her - she cooked, cleaned, and helped him with his studies - she taught him to play organ, they shared a passion for music - he feels indebted to her-> concert will be good way to thank her
To Build a Fire
- Jack London - a man is traveling to meet his friends and is by himself bc he was looking for possibilities for logging ($), with only a dog-> it is very cold but the man is very cocky and unbothered by his frostbite-> he builds a fire but snow falls on it and it goes out-> he tries to build another but can't because his frostbite is limiting his mobility-> he considers killing the dog to use for warmth but is unable to physically-> he tries to run quickly to the camp, but falls and dies - men always lose against nature - very naturalist
The Story of An Hour
- Kate Chopin - 1894 - married woman with a heart condition is carefully told her husband died in a railroad accident-> she sobs immediately-> she retreats to her room and reflects-> her husband is kind and she is sad he is dead, but she is also happy because now she is free from the confines of marriage-> she thinks about how her new life will be now that she is free as she looks out the window at the nature-> she comes back downstairs and her husband enters, obviously alive-> she dies of heart failure bc she is shocked by his arrival and how quickly her new life was taken away from her
The Lowest Animal
- Mark Twain - 1896 - criticism of Darwin's theory of evolution through satire - logical appeal - ethical appeal - irony - exaggeration - tone: satirical, ridiculing, sarcastic, cynical
(AWM) Nebraska vs Symphony
- Nebraska: isolated, cold, dark, dreary, black and white, dry, silence - Symphony: vibrant, loud, lively, passionate, colorful, fun, water
Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
- T.S. Eliot - a very indecisive and anxious man is too afraid to approach a woman he admires and ponder about what could go wrong if he were to be humiliated and if taking the risk would be worth it
A Wagner Matinee
- Willa Cather - western woman returns to Boston and realizes how terrible her life out west has been while at an orchestra and she sobs and doesn't want to go back
(AWM) Themes
- hardship, loss, regret, sacrifice - passion, love
(AWM) Clark's Understanding
- he finally understands the sacrifices she has made and the suffering she's experienced - understands her realization of what her life has come to and her inability to go back
Influence on T.S. Eliot
- his early poems were influenced by the French symbolists of the late 19th century who wanted to recreate states of mind and feeling
(AWM) 1st Impression of Georgina
- ill, malnourished, anxious - she implies she has many responsibilities at home - discusses her isolation and poor conditions - hard work has destroyed her body - lost her passions and personality
(AWM) muckraking
- investigative reporting about scandals - Willa Cather
Prufrock Title
- ironic because it's not a love song as much as it is a poem about how much he hates himself and his life - depressing and sad not romantic or happy
Eliot's response to complaints
- poetry has to be complex in order to express the complexities of modern life
(AWM) Georgiana and Howard
- scared to love anything bc she fears she will lose it as she lost her music when she went out west - married late after a successful and happy city life (desperate) - met husband in VT and eloped - husband, Howard, is not very nice - her family disliked him for his lack of ambition, land, and money - out west she forgets what she is missing, but once she is reintroduced to it she cannot imagine going back
(AWM) Reaction to Concert
- she isn't visibly thrilled - becomes more alert and energetic at the concert - brought to tears by the symphony
Darwin's Theory of Evolution
- theory of evolution through natural selection - organisms with the best mutations and adaptations will survive -> humans are the most adaptive and generally the best bc we are on top of the food chain - challenged in The Lowest Animal
(FSF) Hollywood
FSF tried screenwriting but was unsuccessful
(TGG) Breaking up with Jordan
Nick broke it off with Jordan before he moved back west he wanted to cut off all strings in the east so he could start fresh and leave this traumatic summer behind
(TGG) Gatsby's job offer
Nick feels like Gatsby only offered him the job as a way to repay him for his help with Daisy Nick doesn't believe repayment is necessary so he declines
Ernest Hemingway works we read
Soldier's Home The End of Something The Three-Day Blow
(FSF) Childhood Schools
St. Paul's Academy (failed to succeed socially) Newman Boarding School in Hackensack (played football)
Edna St. Vincent Millay Childhood
born in Maine in 1892 raised by her mother with her two sisters her mom encouraged her daughters to be ambitious and self-sufficient she took classes in music and english/writing father was a gambler who left when she was seven started writing and entering contests at a young age
Robinson Jeffers childhood
born in Pittsburgh in 1887 father was a presbyterian minister and professor of old testament literature traveled a lot very bright rejected father's belief in God but liked Calvinist idea hat humans are depraved and doomed
Katherine Anne Porter childhood
born in a Texas log cabin part of a scattered family that faced many hardships raised by her grandmother fragmentary schooling
(TJoGW) Bridegroom
bridegroom = God jilting of Granny Weatherall is when God didn't show up to save her life the greatest grief of all is her own death
(TGG) Destructive power of American dream
2 groups: - old money = Tom, Daisy, Nick, Jordan - new money/no money = Gatsby, Myrtle, Wilson in the end, every person of the new/no money group ends up dead as a result of the actions of the old money characters even though Gatsby worked hard and became extremely wealthy, he will never be in the same class as the old money families like the Buchanans the American dream tells people they can simply work hard and live their own lives of privilege, but the novel disproves that by showing the old money class will always be superior to the new money or no money groups
(ARfE) Tax Collection
8-10 years after Colonel Sartoris (the former mayor) dies, Emily begins receiving tax notices and is visited by a deputation who demand taxes she looks old and ill she tells them she has no taxes and kicks them out
William Faulkner work we read
A Rose for Emily
Langston Hughes
African American poet of HR said Harlem fashionable during the HR jazz poetry
(G) As a matter of fact American football was established by fans who wanted to play a more organized game of rugby.
As a matter of fact, American football was established by fans who wanted to play a more organized game of rugby. Rule: Use commas to set off transitional and parenthetical expressions, absolute phrases, and elements expressing contrast. (also for phrases like: "as far as we know", "unlike ____", and "our grant having been approved")
(TGG) Beautiful little fool
Daisy hopes her daughter will be a beautiful little fool because Daisy was not enough a fool to not realize that her husband was having an affair, and it made it her miserable if her daughter grows up beautiful, she can marry a rich man like Daisy did, and if she is a fool she will always be happy in that marriage
(TGG) Eggs
East Egg = old money, traditional. mostly young families who come from rich families looking for big old houses West Egg = new money, newer houses, less traditional wealth
(FSF) Wrote plays for
Elizabethan Dramatic Club
(TJoGW) Opening Paragraph tells us
Ellen Weatherall is very independent and doesn't like to be helped impatient status doesn't mean anything to her (being a doctor doesn't make the dr a respectable person) judgmental (judges the doctors glasses) makes assumptions based on weird things sassy
Soldier's Home
Ernest Hemingway focuses on Krebs character- a war vet who has returned home and is struggling to fit back in he exaggerates and lies about war stories, but people still don't care bc he was one of the last back so they've already heard all the good stories from others upset and nauseated by his habit of lying he is distant with his parents and close only with one of his sisters he wants to live a life without consequences, and thus does nothing but play pool and other trivial hobbies he doesn't want a girl or any type of commitment
The Great Gatsby
F. Scott Fitzgerald novel one of the great American novels about being an American, self-made man, class, love, jealousy, betrayal, destiny incredibly well written
(G) Forgive us Dr. Spock for reprimanding Jason. Yes the loan will probably be approved. The film was faithful to the book wasn't it? Well the cases like this are difficult to decide.
Forgive us, Dr. Spock, for reprimanding Jason. Yes, the loan will probably be approved. The film was faithful to be book, wasn't it? Well, the cases like this are difficult to decide. Rule: use commas to set off nouns of direct address, the words yes and no, interrogative tags, and mild interjections.
RJ Influences
Freud and Nietzsche later Walt Whitman
(TGG) After they leave the apartment
Gatsby and Daisy drive together in Gatsby's car the other three take Tom's car Myrtle sees Daisy and gatsby when they pass the garage and runs out to them to escape her threatening husband because she thinks it's Tom's car Daisy hits Myrtle and speeds off afterwards Gatsby is only concerned with how Daisy feels afterwards, neither of them aware of the significance of Myrtle and her death Tom comes across the scene and discovers whet happened and finds Wilson hysterical he tells Wilson it wasn't his car Tom is upset, but not as obvious about it he believes it was Gatsby who hit Myrtle
(TGG) Gatsby's expectation
Gatsby expects Daisy to drop everything to be with him he wants her to divorce Tom and essentially run away with him he wants her to be the same girl she was when he left for the war, but they've both changed his expectations are much too high and he is bound to be disappointed
(TGG) Gatsby and the past
Gatsby has many regrets but feels as though all of them are fixable he believes his past mistakes can be undone, such as losing Daisy the person he was and the life he lived with Daisy make his ideal life and he believe they can return to this stage if he can just get Daisy back
(TGG) Gatsby making Daisy say she never loved Tom
Gatsby needs reassurance that he hasn't wasted his entire adult life waiting for a woman who fell in love with another man he wants to prove to Tom and to himself that Daisy never loved anyone but him
(TGG) "Daisy's voice is full of money"
Gatsby says this because Daisy is controlled by money she married Tom over Gatsby for money she has been raised by complete privilege and has never known struggle she is the epitome of old money, and her tone and dialect show it
(TGG) Gatsby paid a high price for a single dream
Gatsby spent his entire adult life longing and seacrhing for his first true love he was far too passionate about Daisy and not nearly passionate enough about anything elese when his plan for a life with Daisy backfired, he had nothing to fall back on and he ended up dead bc of his dedication to this single dream, he died young, lonely, and miserable
(TGG) Nick planning his funeral
Gatsby was and is completely alone Nick was the closest thing he had to a real friend, and the only one who stepped up to honor him people admired Gatsby, but no one really cared about him
(TJoGW) Minor Characters
George= left ellen at the altar Hapsy= Ellen's favorite child, died in childbirth Cornelia= Ellen's daughter who lives with and takes care of Ellen, Ellen doesn't like her John= her beloved husband who died young, her children are now older than he was when he died Jimmy and Lydia= her other children
Great Migration
HR began when so many African American's settled in NYC they created their own culture and a supportive African American community Harlem is in Manhattan above 116th street
Claude McKay and Countee Cullen
HR poets wrote with standard english
Bessie Smith and Ma Rainey
HR singers
Louis Armstrong
HR trumpet player
Hemingway's early manuscripts
He asked Hadley (his wife at the time) to send him a few while he was away from home She wanted to surprise him so she brought them all with her on the train She lost all of them(all of his work up to that point)
The Sun Also Rises and Hadley
Hemingway dedicated it to her features a trip to Pamplona no "Hadley" character
Hadley Richardson and Hemingway divorce
Hemingway met pauline and wanted them both so she moved in with Hemingway and Hadley Hadley said they could get a divorce after he and Pauline took a 100-day break he really struggled with it and Hadley agreed to get divorced before it was over they wished each other well
Torrance of Spring
Hemingway wrote the book about Sherwood Anderson he forced his publishers to publish it if they wanted to publish another book of his made Hemingway look bad
(ARfE) Early Emily and Homer Baron
Homer Baron = a northerner, foreman for a construction company that came to town, popular with the people they meet and the town begins to see them on weekly buggy rides together the town is happy emily has found a man, but he is a northerner so he is not worthy of their miss emily,
(TGG) Young Gatsby and Daisy
Jordan tells Nick the story they were together when they were 18 they broke up when he joined the war she was forced to marry a man of her own class and reputation: Tom the day before her wedding, she was miserable and clutching a letter Gatsby had sent her Gatsby returned and bought his current house so he could be right across the bay from Daisy and see the green light of her dock he's always been longing and looking for her at parties, asking around, reading the paper, etc. Gatsby is very alone and the only thing he truly wants or cares about is Daisy
(G) Julie's favorite colors were pink purple and aqua.
Julie's favorite colors were pink, purple, and aqua. Rule: Use a comma between all items in a series
Hemingway's first writing job
Kansas City Star crime reporter learned rules of the paper with short and simplistic sentences with humor
(ARfE) The End
Miss Emily dies and the town swarms her home because they are nosy and curious about this isolated soul and home they bury her they find Homer's decaying corpse lying in the position of an embrace in a bed there is an indentation on the pillow beside him and a gray hair meaning miss emily had been cuddling there with the body recently after she killed him with arsenic years ago
(TGG) Gatsby's true backstory introduction
Nick tells the true story when he does to alleviate confusion and object any rumors he hopes the story will give the audience a better idea of who Gatsby is so we can form more informed opinions about his character he waited this long to create mystery and suspicion Gatsby was raised by a poor family and with a wild imagination his ambition for wealth came from a desire to escape his poor lifestyle he met the millionaire gold miner Dan Cody and it presented itself as the perfect opportunity for Gatsby to escape Cody coached Gatsby for 5 years and taught him everything he knew about being rich and also convinced him not to drink because he himself was an alcoholic
Hemingway grew up in
Oak Park Illinois
Hemingway's greatest works
Old man and The Sea Sun Also Rises A Farewell to Arms A Moveable Feast For Whom the Bell Tolls
The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
Porter stream of consciousness about a woman (Granny Weatherall) who is dying and what she is thinking about as she slowly loses her mind and her life
Products of HR
Richard Wright Ralph Ellison (Invisible Man) James Baldwin Gwendolyn Brooks Alice Walker Tony Morrison Maya Angelou Terry McMillan
(G) Roberto is a warm gentle affectionate father.
Roberto is a warm, gentle, affectionate father. Rule: Use a comma between coordinate adjectives not joined with "and" *for cumulative adjectives, which build off one another, this rule doesn't apply
(G) Sandra Belinski M.D. was born in Newark New Jersey on January 3 2005.
Sandra Belinski, M.D., was born in Newark, New Jersey, on January 3, 2005. Rule: Use commas with dates, addresses, and titles.
(G) she walked into her room late and sat down at her desk.
She walked into the room late, and she sat down at her desk. Rule: use a comma before a coordinating conjunction joining independent clauses
Katherine Anne Porter work we read
The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
(G) The children needed clothes, that were washable.
The children needed clothes that were washable. Rule: Restrictive elements (that) are essential and cannot be removed from the sentence without changing the meaning, so a comma is not needed
(G) The children needed sturdy shoes which were expensive.
The children needed sturdy shoes, which were expensive. Rule: Nonrestrictive elements (which) can be removed from the sentence without changing the meaning and therefore require a comma first
(FSF) College
Went to Princeton became involved in The Triangle (theater co.), Cottage (eating and talking club kind of like a fraternity), the Tiger (school newspaper) successful socially and athletically, which interfered with his academics he never completed his degree
(G) When Irwin was ready to eat he set the table.
When Irwin was ready to eat, he set the table. Rule: Use a comma after an introductory clause or phrase.
(G) To err is human; to forgive divine. All of the catastrophes that we had feared might happen happened. Patients who can walk up and down the halls several times a day.
To err is human; to forgive, divine. All of the catastrophe's that we had feared might happen, happened. Patients who can, walk up and down the halls several times a day. Rule: Use commas to prevent confusion.
(TGG) Daisy and Tom as careless
Tom and Daisy are careless people who "smash up" the lives of everyone around them and then retreat into their money for protection they wreck things because they can and they have no regard for the lives of others their money protects them from consequences and their carelessness protects them from feeling guilt they smashed the lives of Jordan, Nick, Gatsby, Myrtle, and Wilson
(TJoGW) Significance of name Weatherall
Weatherall = weather all she can weather all obstacles and do anything despite any challenges
A Rose for Emily
William Faulkner about Miss Emily, a woman from a rich family who lives in a small southern town
(FSF) Zelda's demise
Zelda had a breakdown in April 1930 and went to a psychiatric clinic she returned to America when her father died and she had another mental breakdown she was institutionalized for the rest of her life the institution caught fire when Zelda was locked in her room and she died with many other in mates
(FSF) Back to Paris (3rd time)
Zelda tried to be a ballerina FSF sold short stories and became jealous of Zelda's dedication
(G) Use quotation marks to enclose...
a direct quotation
RJ Roan Stallion
a woman allows a stallion to trample and kill her husband and then shoots the horse
The Sun Also Rises Inspiration
about expatriots that travel to the festival in Pamplona, Spain to see bull fights he loved bull fights and Pamplona and often travelled there with his friends (other members of the lost generation) one of the main characters was based on Harold Loeb, whom Hemingway was jealous of and came to dislike on their trip
(FSF) Name inspiration
after Francis Scott Key, who wrote the Star Spangled Banner
(FSF) Marriage to Zelda
after he became wealthy from his first novel, she agreed to marry him they spent their next few months in New York, partying hard on their honeymoon
(ARfE) China painting
after homer's disappearance, emily gives out china painting lessons for 6-7 years before closing her doors for good
Shuffle Along
all black broadway show introduced Josephine Baker, a celebrity
Hemingway and other writers
appreciated many other writers but was very competitive rival with Loeb loyal to F. Scott Fitzgerald betrayed Gertrude Stein (his mentor) and Sherwood Anderson
RJ thoughts on current events
approved WWII and Korean War as methods of eliminating undeserving human beings
(TJoGW) Ellen's reunion with Hapsy
as Ellen is dying, she is reunited with hapsy, who is already dead bc she is at the "border" between life and death foreshadowing of Ellen's death
(TGG) Gatsby standing outside the Buchanan house
at the beginning of the book, Gatsby reached for the green light, which symbolized Daisy he was so close, yet he couldn't quite reach it now as he stands outside her house, he has lost her once again she and Tom will move on with Gatsby out of the picture the story has come full circle as Gatsby is once again looking for a sign from Daisy to be with her
Edna St. Vincent Millay College
attended Vassar College in Poughkeepsie continued with poetry and theater open intimate relationships with other women
Olaudah Equiano and Frederick Douglass
autobiographers
(TGG) Weather on Daisy and Gatsby's meeting
begins foggy and rainy to show the original fear and discomfort the two felt the rain stops as they become more comfortable with one another the rain begins again as reality sets in and they realize they must part
jiliting
being left, usually at an altar
(G) A direct quotation begins with a...
capital letter
ESVM downfall
car accident in 40s caused her to withdraw from public drug addiction, drinking, and mental breakdown during last few years husband tried to help but then died of lung cancer 1 year later- fell down the stairs while home alone-> broke neck and died
(G) A direct quotation is set off from the rest of the sentence by...
commas, a question mark, or an exclamation point
The Crisis and Opportunity
community centers to help people succeed usually included networking
(ASH) pre-war krebs
conventional exactly the same as his other fraternity brothers follower
(TGG) Valley of Ashes and Wilson's Garage
dusty, dark, depressing desolate and scary crumbling poor Tom's mistress and her husband live in Wilson's garage
(TGG) Myrtle Wilson
curvy and attractive flirtatious and confident a perfect mistress
(FSF) Death
dies of a heart attack in 1940 left behind the unfinished novel of The Last Tycoon Catholic Church refused to let him be buried in their cemetery bc of his immorality later his daughter buried him there next to Zelda
RJ writing
early poems: Romantic view of nature found poetic voice in celebrating supremacy of the inhuman presented Jesus as a traitor bc he told people to love one another when he should've been leading them to destruction portrayed life as a tragic accident in a universe designed for inanimate objects narrative poems were long with Greek and Roman myths lyric poems plays themes: - violence - adultery - incest - lust - man's destructive self-obsession - metropolitan life as vicious and corrupting - overcoming sufferings with nature
Harlem Renaissance
end of WWI-mid 1930s explosion of creativity and appreciation/recognition of African American art blues and jazz art inspired Picasso died down with Great Depression because everyone had greater concerns
(FSF) War
enlisted in US army for WWI met and fell in love with Zelda Sayer during training camp
(G) When you write dialogue, begin a new paragraph ______.
every time the speaker changes
F. Scott Fitzgerald
exposes reality behind the crumbling American dream characters tend to be wealthy, beautiful, and deeply unhappy (think Great Gatsby)
(TGG) Gatsby's parties
extravagant and rowdy wealthy guests are wasted and careless they begin with greetings and polite conversations but end with singing, dancing, laughing, fighting, flirting, etc.
Hemingway Code Hero
faces terrible traumas of chaotic world with honor and dignity grace under pressure stoic no emotions/emotional commitment (especially in terms of romantic relationships) "nada"- ultimate challenge is to face death with bravery bc death is just nothingness and darkness, a code hero will always face this threat and not let it scare him
(TJoGW) Portrayal of Dying
fading into darkness everything just becomes black disjointed consciousness deteriorates
ESVM themes/style
female sexuality feminism independence political activism nature lyricism (almost became a pianist)
(FSF) This Side of Paradise
first novel published by Scribner's huge success
(TGG) Gatsby and Meyer Wolfsheim
friends and business partners Wolfsheim is sketchy -> Gatsby may be involved in sketchy business practices Wolfsheim is a gambler who fixed the 1919 World Series runs with a crowd who often is attacked by enemies
(FSF) Drinking
he and Zelda drank more and more their friends began to stop hanging out with them
(FSF) In France
he and Zelda lived in the French Riviera here he write The Great Gatsby and began to work on Tender is the Night (another novel)
(TGG) Gatsby's fake story
he comes from a wealthy family from the midwest who have all died he was educated and raised in the Us but went to Oxford as part of a family tradition family from San Francisco traveled luxuriously after his family died and he inherited money First Lieutenant and then a major in the war has a medal and a photo to prove it Nick thinks he is lying
Death of Hemingway's father
he committed suicide he lived a life of paranoia and obsession he had a pain in his foot-> he was paranoid of amputation -> he killed himself Hemingway blamed his mother
(ARfE) Miss Emily and her father
he didn't allow her to have boyfriends or suitors he became estranged from his other family in Alabama after a fallout over his aunt'e estate he died and she refused to accept his death for three days until the town forced her to give up the body the mayor felt bad so he made emily eternally exempt from taxes
(TGG) Nick's goodbye to Gatsby
he feels sorry for him as he leaves and delays going to work because he doesn't want to leave him alone he compliments Gatsby to lift his spirits, the first nice thing he's said to Gatsby all summer
(TGG) Gatsby's reaction to Daisy's daughter
he is appalled by her presence because it is proof of Daisy and Tom's stable relationship and life together while he was waiting for Daisy all these years, she was having a child it is a flash of reality that disturbs him
(TGG) Nick's Perception of himself
he is fair, nonjudgemental, understanding of his privilege over others, moral, tolerant, trustworthy, wants to be well-rounded, educated
(TGG) Nick's honesty
he is not a frequent liar everyone is biased he is fake around everyone in the story and we never get to hear his opinions he acts according to what is expected of him he lives under a mask
(TGG) Gatsby the day after the accident
he is still hopeful that things will work out with Daisy and thinks she will call him and at least give him some closure despite everything that happened and his small odds at things working out, he is still in love with Daisy which shows his dedication and desperation
(TGG) Gatsby rumors at his party
he killed a man he was a German spy in the war everyone is curious and suspicious about his past
(FSF) Sheila Graham
he met her in Hollywood when he was struggling to find work because of his drunk reputation she helped him get his life together
(FSF) Rome
he moved here and drank more published The Great Gatsby and it only sold 20,000 copies in its first year
(ARfE) Homer's disappearance
he returns after leaving for three days he is let into mis emily's house by her servant he is never seen again emily's house begins to smell
(TGG) Nick's portrayal of the guests at Tom and Myrtle's apartment
he speaks more negatively about them he describes Tom's rudeness, Myrtle's extravagance, and the mannerisms of the McKees all in a negative light he portrays them as privileged, fake, and obnoxious
Hemingway's mental health and death
he struggled with mania and depression so he was sent to Mayo Clinic for treatment where he received electroshock therapy, causing him to lose his memory returned home and tried to kill himself, so he was sent back to the clinic tried to walk into plane propellor on his way back the public was told he was being treated for high blood pressure Kennedy asked him to write something for him but he couldn't do it returned home again and shot himself in a closet in his home in the mouth after three days
(ASH) Krebs and surviving the war
he survived the hardships of war by purposely forgetting and not thinking about the good things in his life, like women and his family, so he wouldn't need or miss them this explains his lack of emotion and depression now that he's home
(TGG) Gatsby's father
he tells Nick that Gatsby visited his family and has been generous with his money also that Gatsby was even ambitious and hardworking when he was a child
(TGG) Catherine's thoughts about Gatsby
he's related to Kaiser Wilhelm and that's why he's rich she's afraid of him and the power he has to blackmail her if he ever were to gather information about her makes him seem extravagant and intimidating
(FSF) Zelda Affair
her relationship with Fitzgerald was unstable she fell in love with a French aviator in September 1924 Fitzgerald drove the man away so the relationship ended
(ASH) Krebs and his mother
his mother wants him to settle back into a traditional life she wants him to get a girl and a job as society expects him to Krebs dislikes all of these expectations and the consequences that come with them he doesn't want a girl he would have to lie to and finds the whole concept way too stressful their relationship is very strained she is religious and he isn't she is manipulative she gives him access to the car, as he has always wanted, in an attempt to manipulate him to be more social and follow her wishes
(TJoGW) Relationship with children
independent no-nonsense wants Cornelia to leave her alone Jimmy and Lydia come to her for advice still
RJ adult life
inherited a lot of money and could pursue poetry believed in stern beautied of nature misanthrope who believes human race is doomed used greek myths to emphasize humans' position in the universe married a woman and settled in Carmel, CA a wealthy cute town built a stone tower on a lonely cliff overlooking the Pacific Ocean to write
(G) Commas and periods are always placed ________ the closing quotation marks.
inside
(G) Question marks and exclamation points are placed ________ the closing quotation marks if they belong to the quotation; otherwise they are placed _______.
inside outside
(TJoGW) Final Thoughts
irony of death things she was going to do but never got to thinks about George she comes to consider herself the woman that George didn't want she wants to find George and tell him she forgot about him and did just fine without him to convince herself she didn't need or care about him
(TGG) Gatsby reaching for the green light
it shows that Gatsby desires something much greater than his wealth or popular parties he is longing for something that he can't have
(TGG) More Gatsby rumors
killed a man Von Hindenburg's nephew devil's second cousin
(TGG) Tom appearance/description
large and strong intimidating even to other men like Nick rude and snappy, always cutting people off or ignoring them completely believes he is superior to his company truly lived a very privileged life
ESVM post-college
lived in Greenwich Village in NYC bohemian called Vincent by her friends at her request openly bisexual continued writing 1st woman to receive Pulitzer Prize for poetry married a man who was a feminist had an open marriage for 26 years before her husband died
William Faulkner Hometown
lived in Oxford, Mississippi for most of his life
(TJoGW) Blowing out the light significance
she accepted her death and blew out the light bc no one else was going to do it for her and she was independent
Hemingway and Pauline marriage
moved from paris to Key West in 1920 lived comfortably she was a devout Catholic and he was not religious, so he had to convert because he was very attracted to her and she would not have sex with him unless he was Catholic too 2 difficult labors with their sons she didn't enjoy motherhood he was an unpredictable father she was told another labor could kill her she didn't agree with/believe in birth control bc of her religion, so they had to stop having sex, which he couldn't deal with he called her manipulative
(TGG) Daisy and Tom relationship after chapter 7
neither of them really love one another and they are still married they are prepared to live their lives contently in an unhappy marriage with which they will make do they will pretend nothing every happened because it is much easier for them
(ASH) Krebs
no friends or girlfriends sedentary anti-hero detached vegetable
(TJoGW) Portrayal of preparation for death
no matter how independent and hardworking one may be, no one is ever prepared for death
(ARfE) Miss Emily and the beginning of her plan
she buys arsenic and refuses to tell the pharmacist what it is for the town fears she will kill herself they send a minister he refuses to return or talk about what happened the town writes to her family in Alabama her cousins come to visit emily orders a toiletry set engraved with H.B. and men's clothing Homer leaves her cousins leave a week later
Katherine Anne Porter's "Ship of Fools"
novel about the seeds of WWII bitterly portrays the Nazi state and the human race's capacity for cruelty
(FSF) The Beautiful and the Damned
novel after This Side of Paradise
(FSF) Tender is the Night
novel published and met with little success
Hemingway and Mary's 1953 safari
on a safari for a magazine 2 plane crashes Hemingway was reported dead after the second he busted down the door -> injured head, internal bleeding, ruptured organs severely injured but he shrugged it off soon after he won a nobel peace prize
(G) Semicolons and Colons are always placed _______ the closing quotation marks.
outside
ESVM adult life
politically active- arrested for protesting death sentence of Sacco and Vanzetti often had herself photographed in the nude - pictures released to public by Congress in 2010 at her request
(FSF) Mother
preferred to read novels than take care of her children
(G) Use ______ to enclose slang words, technical terms, and other expressions that are unusual in standard english.
quotation marks
(G) Use _______ to enclose titles of chapters, articles, parts of books or magazines, short poems, short stories, or songs.
quotation marks
(TGG) Gatsby's smile, appearance, and mannerisms
rare, understanding, personal makes Nick feel special he is very handsome and younger than Nick imagined him not very extravagant with his appearance and mannerisms speaks very formally and picks his words carefully
William Faulkner in WWI
rejected by US Army enlisted in Royal Air Force of Canada war ended before he was commissioned
Hemingway in WW1
rejected by army bc of his vision joined red cross in Italy as an ambulance driver he got bored and wanted to fight on the front for 6 days he was delivering goods on July 8th 1918 when there was an explosion which cost him his leg and almost his life fell in love with Agnes in the hospital was discharged and viewed as a war hero
satire
ridicules the shortcomings of people and institutions in an attempt to bring about change
Hemingway in WWII
searched for German submarines in Cuba from boats with friends with funding from the government became a correspondent in London joined the royal air force and wanted to fight told exaggerated hero stories and lies charged for fighting while acting as a correspondent bronze medal for work as correspondent
(FSF) Birthday and birth location
september 24th, 1894 St. Paul Minnesota
(TGG) Tom abusing Myrtle
she defied him in front of every one by taunting him with Daisy's name when he told her to stop he lost his temper and very swiftly broke her nose his action was out of anger, but it was also deliberate and calculated he wanted to break her nose and he knew how to do it implies he has a quick temper and is physically abusive often
(TGG) Daisy at the party
she didn't enjoy herself because she was there with Tom, who was busy admiring other women Tom is also unhappy to be at the party because he dislikes Gatsby their presence and unhappiness kills the mood she is somewhat repulsed by the rowdy guests
Martha Gelhorne
she was a novelist and a journalist she moved in with Hemingway and pauline before their divorce like pauline did with Hadley went to Spain with Hemingway to write about Spanish Civil War (Hemingway supported Spanish Republicans) they moved to Cuba together
Katherine Anne Porter's marriages
she was consistently impatient with lasting marriages she also disliked being alone often searching for a marriage and had a total of four
Hemingway and Martha breakup
she went to war as correspondent bc she was hardworking and talented, which made Hemingway jealous Martha was tired of him he met Mary Welsh, who was submissive and unemployed (what he really wanted in a wife)
(TGG) people lean toward Daisy
she whispers so people lean towards her and other perceive her as fascinating to listen to
(TJoGW) Granny and God
she's Catholic she prays and thanks him for her life she then is mad at him bc she prays and he still lets her down she goes to church and mass a priest comes to visit her as she's dying
(G) Use _____ to enclose a quotation within a quotation.
single quotation marks
(G) When a quoted sentence is divided into two parts by an interrupting expression such as "she said" or "I asked", the second part begins with a...
small/lowercase letter
Hemingway Style
spare and bare to expose the truth characters live in unpredictable and chaotic world and deal with it by looking to their own sense of honor and dignity conversational dialogue emphasis on nature mundane and straightforward
William Faulkner Style
stream of consciousness (workings of the unconscious mind) multiple points of view disjointed images complex sentences
(TJoGW) Ellen Weatherall
strongwilled determined outspoken/speaks her mind independent
(FSF) Father
struggled to hold down a job
Hemingway's last years
struggled with hepatitis B, high blood pressure, and diabetes after the plane crashes struggled with his work supported Castro and his Cuban revolutionaries he and mary were both alcoholics moved to idaho wrote last work: A Moveable Feast, which was inspired by Hadley and his old writings from the 20s
(TGG) Green Light symbol
symbolizes Daisy and Gatsby's proximity to her she always seemed so far away, but the light was a reminder that she was close by the light is a predictable and close memory and reminder of Daisy
William Faulkner's Great theme
the American South as a microcosm for the universal themes of time, the passions of the human heart, and the destruction of the wilderness uses south to explain and portray all of the world's problems stories are universal, they just happen to take place in the south
(G) When a quoted passage consists of more than one paragraph, place quotation marks at ______
the beginning of each paragraph and at the end of the entire passage. Do not place quotation marks at the end of any paragraph but the last.
Katherine Anne Porter's main themes
the burden of past evil and the strain with which that evil holds us captive in the present
(TGG) The eyes according to Wilson
the eyes of TJ Eckleburg are the eyes of God, and they saw everything they knew about Myrtle's affair, and now God knows what she did
(TGG) The green light in the end
the green light comes to represent opportunity the green land of Long Island was once the green light for Dutch settlers when they discovered it every American has their own green light which they are constantly working towards as part of the American dream
William Faulkner's portrayal of the south
the south is like its own nation strong sense of its noble past, despite its defeat in the Civil War affectionate and critical of the region ambivalence allows for an accurate portrayal
(ARfE) The Smell
the town receives complaints not wanting to be impolite by approaching her directly, the judge and some others went to miss emily's house and sprinkled lime everywhere to get rid of the smell the smell = Homer's decaying body
(FSF) Hemingway
the two authors met in Paris in the summer of 1925 Fitzgerald helped Hemingway get his first two novels published before they had a falling out
(TGG) Gatsby and Daisy's afternoon together
they are both so happy to be together again Gatsby is lowkey disappointed because he has been planning this day for years and there was no possible way it would live up to his expectations he is very anxious and nervous the whole day because he wants everything to be perfect Daisy is in awe of Gatsby's wealth and lifestyle she begins as awkward and unsure, but soon grows comfortable with him and shows how happy she is for their reunion she is much more excited and happy with Gatsby than she ever is with Tom, creating a stark contrast
(TGG) Nick and Jordan relationship
they are getting closer and showing potential for a relationship they get along well and entertain one another jordan is very honest with Nick and tells him everything he needs to know about Gatsby and his parties
(TGG) Gatsby and Tom argument
they argue over who Daisy truly loves Daisy begs them to stop arguing Daisy originally agrees with Gatsby but then admits that she loved them both
(FSF) Early relationship with Zelda
they became engaged he had a low-paying job in advertising and failed to sell his short stories so she broke off the engagement
(FSF) Life with Zelda
they loved beyond their means in Great Neck, Long Island, a place for the idle rich
(TJoGW) Her philosophy on life
traditional black and white loving and strict towards her children
(TGG) Jordan appearance
uptight and poised her chin is always lifted and her movements always quick and simple she is pretty but unapproachable she is under immense pressure to act and behave a certain way
(FSF) Childhood influences
very influenced by religion very conscious of the wealth/status of his friends
Hemingway's tragedies after his marriage to Mary Welsh
violent arguments and heavy drinking son patrick injured in 1947 His mother (Grace) and pauline died publisher and editor died high blood pressure struggled with his work son is estranged after getting arrested for marijuana bc Hemingway blamed the arrest for pauline's death
(TGG) The Eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg
watch over the book and everything that unfolds it sees the affair occurring between tom and myrtle the eyes are like Nick, a passive bystander who knows more than he should the eyes are like the public in the way they constantly watch over the wealthy to see if they are doing what is expected of them the eyes are like God, all-seeing and all-powerful
Jean Tumor and Zora Neale Hurston
writers of HR Hurston used vernacular of the black culture