entire lecture part 2

3. What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season?

The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells.

20. Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because

each type of enzyme generally only binds one specific substrate.

4. When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat. Which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?

energy can be changed from one form to another

6. Metabolic pathways, which are facilitated by________ begin with a particular________ and terminate with an end________.

enzymes; reactant; product

8. If the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as it is in the surrounding solution, the cell is in a(n)________ environment.

isotonic

24. During an osmosis experiment, you place some plant cells under the microscope. You notice the cells seem very swollen. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypotonic

10. In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

to the first enzyme in the pathway

11. Which of the following factors could affect the diffusion of materials across a selectively permeable cell membrane?

- the size of the molecules - the concentration of the molecules - the time available for diffusion to occur

14. Intestinal cells absorb glucose via active transport. What would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed?

Glucose absorption would decrease.

17. During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look crenated. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypertonic

1. Jarrod wants to make a salad but realizes that the celery he purchased a few days ago is very wilted. What type of solution could Jarrod use to help firm up the celery in order to make it crunchy again?

hypotonic

9. The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a

plasmolyzed plant cell.

23. Which form of passive transport allows small noncharged molecules, such as oxygen, to cross the cell membrane?

simple diffusion

13. Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

a roller coaster traveling downhill

7. Considering the ATP cycle, which of the following would have the most potential energy to perform work for cell activities?

ATP

16. Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme?

Both a & d

2. Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

Cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine.

5. The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in an increase in entropy (disorder). If so, how does photosynthesis, which is an energy transformation, create order rather than disorder?

The tree takes in small disordered molecules like carbon dioxide from the air and water from the earth and using solar energy produce highly ordered sugar molecules like glucose.

21. When a potted houseplant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be accounted for by which of the following statements?

The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water.

22. Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?

feedback inhibition

19. Where within the cell is the majority of ATP produced?

mitochondria

18. What process allows water to move across a cell membrane?

osmosis

12. A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a bacterial cell. This process is called

phagocytosis.

25. ATP releases energy when

phosphate is removed.

15. Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction?

ATP gains a phosphate group during the metabolic reaction.