Env. Health2_Chap.8
Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei" and is radioactive is: a. An isotope b. A radioisotope c. A nuclide d. A radionuclide e. None of the above
A radioisotope
Which of the following products sometimes contains radioactive substances? a. Dentures b. Toothpaste c. Tobacco products d. Smoke detectors e. A,C,D
A,C,D
11. Bodily injury from radiation depends on: a. Exposure dose (rems) b. The cumulative effects of exposure c. Whether the whole body or part of the body is exposed d. Individual susceptibility e. All of the above
All of the above
15. The effects of ionizing radiation include: a. Damage to bodily tissues b. Damage to DNA c. Formation of ion pairs in exposed atoms d. Removal of orbital electrons from neutral atoms e. All of the above
All of the above
21. Sources of nonionizing radiation include: a. Radiation from power lines b. Radio waves c. Infrared radiation d. Visible light radiation e. All of the above
All of the above
10. Identify the incorrect statement: a. Alpha and beta particles pose little or no hazard to human health. b. Cosmic rays are a form of natural background radiation. c. Street clothing protects the skin against alpha and beta particles. d. Washing contaminated skin can reduce radiation exposure. e. None of the above; they are all correct.
Alpha and beta particles pose little or no hazard to human health.
4. Which of the following is an SI unit of ionizing radiation measurement? a. Curie b. Rad c. Becquerel d. Rem e. Roentgen
Becquerel
19. The Goiânia incident illustrated: a. An attack with an RDD b. A nuclear reactor disaster in the Ukraine c. A release of radioactivity in Russia d. Careless disposal of a radiotherapy machine e. The adoption of a treaty to prevent spread of RDDs
Careless disposal of a radiotherapy machine
22. A major concern of exposure to extremely low frequency radiation has been: a. Childhood leukemia and brain cancers b. Non-malignant skin cancer c. Cataracts d. Malignant melanoma e. None of the above
Childhood leukemia and brain cancers
18. Sources of extraterrestrial radiation include: a. Radon gas b. Cosmic radiation c. Pitchblende d. Radioactive iodine e. None of the above
Cosmic radiation
20. One of the main concerns regarding the detonation of a RDD is: a. Widespread fatalities caused by radiation b. Severe illness caused by radiation c. Fear and panic d. Leveling of all buildings within a two-mile radius e. A,B,D
Fear and panic
17. The term that refers to some scientists' beliefs that low levels of radiation are beneficial to one's health is: a. Stochastic benefits b. Nonstochastic benefits c. Hormesis d. Homeopathy e. None of the above
Hormesis
14. Alpha radiation is non-penetrating and therefore: a. It is not dangerous. b. It is dangerous only to the bones. c. It is dangerous only to the lungs. d. It is dangerous when ingested or inhaled and localizes in certain tissues. e. None of the above
It is dangerous when ingested or inhaled and localizes in certain tissues.
13. The most effective protection of the population against the risks of man-made radiation exposure is to: a. Discontinue the use of computed tomography b. Institute 100% prohibition of radiation exposure c. Limit exposure to cases where the benefits outweigh the risks d. Move those who live at high elevations closer to sea level e. None of the above
Limit exposure to cases where the benefits outweigh the risks
3. The amount of exposure to radiation that a person receives is not affected by: a. Total time of exposure b. Distance from the source c. Degree of radioactivity of the material d. Size or weight of the radioactive source e. None of the above
Size or weight of the radioactive source
16. The term that refers to low levels of ionizing radiation exposure over long time periods that are associated with an increased probability of the occurrence of an adverse health event is: a. Stochastic effect b. Nonstochastic effect c. Hormesis d. Acute effect e. None of the above
Stochastic effect
12. An event that became a symbol for the anti-nuclear movement was: a. The Three Mile Island accident b. The accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine c. The Techa river radioactivity release d. A radiation leak at a plant in Tokaimura, Japan e. Sinking of the Soviet submarine Kursk
The Three Mile Island accident
8. A measure used to describe the amount of radioactivity in a sample of material is: a. The curie or becquerel b. The rad or gray c. The rem or sievert d. The roentgen or coulomb per kilogram e. none of the above
The curie or becquerel
23. Which of the following statements is inaccurate in view of research on the association between exposure to EMF and cancer: a. The long-term effects are open to debate. b. The long-term effects are clear and definitive. c. The findings of some studies are questionable because of small sample sizes. d. In a Norwegian study, no firm conclusions could be drawn. e. None of the above
The long-term effects are clear and definitive.
9. A measure of the absorbed dose of radiation is: a. The curie or becquerel b. The rad or gray c. The rem or sievert d. The roentgen or coulomb per kilogram e. none of the above
The rad or gray
7. A measure of radiation dose related to biological effect is: a. The curie or becquerel b. The rad or gray c. The rem or sievert d. The roentgen or coulomb per kilogram e. none of the above
The rem or sievert
25. The most dangerous health effect linked to cell phone use is: a. Brain tumors b. Headaches c. Memory loss d. Sleep disturbance e. Traffic crashes
Traffic crashes
24. The portion of the optical spectrum that has been most closely associated with adverse human health effects is: a. UVA b. UVB c. UBC d. IRA e. IRB
UVB
5. The term mrad stands for: a. 1/1,000,000 of a rad b. 1/1000 of a rad c. 1,000 times one rad d. 1/100 rad e. 1,000,000 times 1 rad
1/1000 of a rad
6. Which of the following forms of radiation can penetrate up to a 2-cm layer of skin tissue? a. alpha particles b. beta particles c. gamma rays d. X-rays e. none of the above
beta particles
