env science

Approximately how many percent of the world's population is currently in a state of water stress?

25%

Power plants generate electricity. Which of the following displays the correct order of electricity production based on most used resource to least used resource?

Coal, natural gas, atomic energy, hydroelectric, other

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

Commensalism

Which material(s) listed below is an example of a persistent organic pollutant?

PCB's, DDT, mercury, arsenic

in a scientific experiment, a control is

a variable that doesn't change

K- selected species are described as

adaptable to stable, predictable environments

In reference to urban blight, what part of a city's population typically migrates away and into the suburbs?

affluent

Automobile exhaust is the major contributor to which environmental impact of urban sprawl?

air pollution

the concentration of toxins in an organism as a result of its ingesting other plants or animals in which the toxins are more widely disbursed.

biomagnification

Which one of the following cycles involves the burning of fossil fuels which affects climate change?

carbon cycle

scrubland plant communities composed of broad-leaved evergreen shrubs, bushes, and small trees usually less than 2.5 meters

chaparral

Which of the following is not an environmental impact of urban sprawl?

climate change

two species can't coexist if they occupy exactly the same niche

competitive exclusion principle

what is not an indicator of global environmental stress?

decrease in toxic chemical abundance

a form of logical thinking that relies on general principles or laws is known as

deductive reasoning

the use of mathematical tools to investigate how populations respond to biotic and abiotic changes is called:

demography

Population growth and increased oil consumption contributed to which environmental impact of urban sprawl?

depletion of energy resources

A __________ is the land drained by a river

drainage basin, watershed

what is a tool that is used to assess consumption of individuals and estimate the area requirement needed to support this amount of consumption?

ecological footprint

In areas that have increased water nutrients, what occurs as response to this nutrient overload?

eutrophication

Which process would increase the amount of water in the atmosphere?

evaporation, evapotranspiration, transpiration

Who does sustainable development benefit?

everyone

the model of population growth that describes theoretical populations that increase in numbers without any limit to their growth is called

exponential growth

the voluntary effort called LEED, which promotes green building, recognizes efforts and achievements in all of the following except

exterior design

what event is common in chaparral systems?

fires

What is not an indicator of global environmental stress?

forest regrowth

Assuming that the earth has an unlimited amount of resources that will never be fully diminished would be considered a

frontier ethic

the purpose of the scientific method as a method is to

gain new information

In 1956 President Dwight Eisenhower signed the Highway Revenue Act in order to secure funding to build and maintain roadways. What was taxed in order to generate the revenue for the Highway Trust Fund?

gasoline

The presence of thorns or toxins in a plant discourages

herbivory

______is necessary to support restaurants and shopping centers, and it also provides means of employment to a vast number of city dwellers. This is found in many urban centers in the United States

high population density

The cycle through which water in the hydrosphere moves; includes such processes as evaporation, precipitation, and surface and groundwater runoff

hydrological cycle

In science, a suggested explanation is a

hypothesis

a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to derive conclusions can be described as

inductive reasoning

According to the text, which category has the largest global usage of water?

irrigation

Which one of the following would not likely exist within the aphotic zone of the ocean?

kelp forest

the notions that land should not be treated as property, but instead should be considered part of the larger community is known as

land ethic

What types of actions can cause water stress?

large populations, low precipitation

what factors influence organisms living in aquatic biomes?

light availability, thermal properties, dissolved minerals, pollutants

The model of population growth that describes the reality of limited resources is called:

logistical growth

Most affordable highway construction through parklands or stream valleys is a major contributor to which environmental impact of urban sprawl?

loss of landscape and wildlife

in science, facts

may change

Lifestyle changes that support a more sustainable way of life and more sustainable communities include

more fuel efficient cars and carpooling, less dependence on automobiles, the use of solar energy, recycling paper, cans and bottles

which relationship is occurring between the organisms that make up lichen?

mutualism

which biochemical cycle involves the sequestration of an element by bacteria for use in plants?

nitrogen cycle

Approximately 70% of Earth's surface is covered by which reservoir of water?

oceans

What type of event occurred in the following instances: Deepwater Horizon, Exxon Valdez?

oil spill

The competitive exclusion principle states when 2 species compete for the same resource in an area this relationship is not sustainable. This competition will result in which of the following

one species will become extinct, one or both species will adapt

the movement of phosphorus atoms from rocks through the biosphere and hydrosphere and back to rocks.

phosphorus cycle

what are the two main characteristics of a population that are used to understand and describe the population?

population size and population density

What two variables most contribute to the land biome that exists in a particular area?

precipitation levels and temperature

which level of the food chain supplies energy to all others?

producers

urban agriculture serves the following purposes:

providing a use for vacant land, a clean up strategy for contamination, options for healthy fresh food

Such a species puts only a small investment of resources into each offspring, but produces many such low effort babies.

r-selected species

Which of the following is not a point source of water pollution?

rainfall that picks up oil as it makes its way into the watershed

What are the effects of a combined sewer overflow?

rainy conditions causing overflows of sewage and waste

During water treatment, treatment with chlorine or ozone accomplishes which of the following?

removes possible pathogens

This reservoir of water contains only about 0.01% of the the world's water?

rivers and lakes

Humans have manipulated the earth for their own benefit for thousands of years. However much of the negative changes to our planet have occurred in the last few hundred years. What are the 3 reasons given that this drastic shift has occurred?

scientific advances, human population growth, materials introduced to earth

Which method is not utilized to dispose of sludge after the removal from wastewater?

shipped into space

Sustainable Cities are expected to have which of the following characteristics in order to be "successful"

social equity practices, technology resources, walkability for transportation

The spatial relationship between members of a population within a habitat at a particular point in time is called:

species distribution patterns

A place where the groundwater emerges from the earth is called a

spring

Better water management practices in sustainable cities include all of the following except:

stormwater sewers

A graph that shows the number of surviving population members versus the relative age of the member is called:

survivorship curve

treating the earth and environment like the resources contained within it are limited and humans should conserve resources for continue use is a

sustainability ethic

TDS and ppm are common units used to measure

the amount of some item in water

who is consuming the majority of the Earth's resources?

the highest income countries

when the population of hares increased in north america, what happened to the size of the lynx population in response?

the population increased

The synthesis of a large collection of information that is generally accepted, contains well-tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the world is known as a scientific

theory

what is the purpose of a fishbone diagram?

to outline causes of a problem

water loss by plants is called

transpiration

A group of streams that contribute water to another larger stream or river

tributary system

The well spread out network of residential areas, shops and industrial areas connected by highways in urban-suburban areas is known as

urban sprawl

Water which contains large amounts of calcium dissolved within it results from

water dissolves materials in the ground

Increase in paved surfaces which increases the volume of runoff, leading to erosion and other side effects is a major contributor to which environmental impact of urban sprawl?

water pollution

when a large amount of groundwater is extracted, what type of effects can occur due to this large amount of water extraction?

water table decrease, salt water intrusion, sinkholes