envi assignment 9
1 soil formation is caused by ? Answers: A. weathering of parent material and decay of organic material B. decay of organic material and soil erosion C. desertification and erosion D. soil erosion and overgrazing E. overgrazing and weathering of parent material
A
19 1 out of 1 points Why are some people supportive of low-tech farming methods over industrial agricultural methods? Answers: A. Low-tech farming methods are typically less harmful to the environment. B. Low-tech farming methods are strictly organic. C. Low-tech farming methods use more animal labour. D. Low-tech farming methods do not use GMOs or fossil fuels. E. Low-tech farming methods produce more food.
A
36 1 out of 1 points In monoculture farming, farmers usually choose crops which Answers: A. have the highest market demand. B. grow more quickly than other crops. C. are best suited to the existing ecosystem. D. require the least amount of water. E. will provide the highest yield.
A
37 1 out of 1 points Monocultures can result in _________. Answers: A. a reduction in agricultural biodiversity B. a resistance to pests C. a boost for old varieties of seeds D. an increase in valuable genetic traits E. all of these answers are correct
A
38 1 out of 1 points Rearing meat or dairy animals in confined spaces, maximizing the number of animals that can be grown in a small area is referred to as a Answers: A. concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) B. traditional agriculture system C. monoculture D. sustainable agriculture system E. transgenic operation
A
40 1 out of 1 points All of the following are negative consequences associated with confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) except Answers: A. Cattle CAFO operations cause soil salinization, as cows drink so much water. B. CAFO operations are not sustainable as they are heavily dependent on external inputs such as feed that are added from outside its own ecosystem. C. Since CAFO animals are more vulnerable to disease, farmers use heavy doses of antibiotics, which contribute to antibiotic resistance. D. CAFOs contribute to global warming, as livestock emit greenhouse gases as part of their digestive process. E. Hog CAFO operations can pollute local waterways due to the vast quantities of manure that are produced in a small area.
A
5 1 out of 1 points By planting corn one year and beans the next on a given plot of land, or by planting alfalfa as a cover crop during the off-season, a farmer reduces the need for ___________ because beans and alfalfa fix nitrogen in the soil. Answers: A. synthetic fertilizers B. pesticides C. expensive irrigation techniques D. herbicides E. harvesting machinery
A
6 __________ is the driving force behind the gene revolution. A. Genetic engineering Answers: CorrectA. Genetic engineering B. Cross pollination C. Sustainable farming D. Cross breeding E. Organic farming
A
10 1 out of 1 points Decomposers and detritivores break down organic material to help form topsoil. Which layer of soil contains the decomposers and detritivores that aid this process? Answers: A. R horizon B. A horizon C. C horizon D. B horizon E. O horizon
B
2 1 out of 1 points Which factor(s) contribute(s) to the emergence of pesticide-resistant crop pest populations? Answers: A. the increasing lack of genetic diversity in the targeted pest population B. the ability of individuals within a pest population to survive pesticide exposure and reproduce C. organic farming techniques based on integrated pest management methods D. the ability of pesticide reapplication to kill all pests in a population E. all of the factors listed above contribute to the emergence of pesticide resistance
B
20 1 out of 1 points In making a transgenic organism, what is typically the role of the bacterium? Selected Answer: CorrectB. Bacteria are used to transport the desired gene into the target organism. Answers: A. Bacteria are used to express the desired gene. B. Bacteria are used to transport the desired gene into the target organism. C. Bacteria are the only organisms that are genetically modified. D. Bacteria are not involved in the creation of transgenic organisms. E. Bacteria mutate randomly in order to create a gene with the desired trait.
B
21 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements is false regarding livestock feedlots (or CAFOs - concentrated animal feeding operations)? Answers: A. They meet the increasing demand for meat by consumers. B. They contribute to soil degradation. C. They emit strong odours. D. They cause outbreaks of harmful algal blooms that can kill fish. E. They promote antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
B
24 1 out of 1 points Food self-sufficiency refers to the ability of an individual nation to _________. Answers: A. control the agricultural methods used B. grow enough food to feed its people C. grow enough food to feed the majority of people in the world D. import enough food to feed its people E. export food crops for a profit
B
32 1 out of 1 points Which of the following choices was not introduced with the Green Revolution? Answers: A. synthetic nitrogen fertilizer B. organic farming techniques C. high-yield variety crops D. sophisticated irrigation systems E. chemical pesticides
B
39 1 out of 1 points Soil erosion in grasslands is a direct result of _____________. Answers: A. urbanization and soil compaction B. plant loss and soil compaction C. industrialization and urbanization D. energy production and plant loss E. soil compaction and energy production
B
7 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is not a benefit of planned grazing? Answers: A. The increase in profitability of ranching with cattle. B. The increased growth of unpalatable plants in pastureland. C. The increase in the productivity of a variety of grass species. D. The improvement in plant biomass levels which maximizes productivity. E. It keeps animals bunched for a set period of time ensuring that all plants are grazed evenly, including weeds.
B
9 1 out of 1 points All of the following are considered sustainable farming techniques except ____________. Answers: A. terrace farming B. intensive irrigation C. contour farming D. crop rotation E. reduced tillage
B
11 1 out of 1 points Agricultural practices, where the members of a farming family produce only enough food for themselves and do not make use of large-scale irrigation, chemical fertilizer, or machinery and technology, is called ________. Answers: A. intensive traditional farming B. swidden agriculture C. subsistence agriculture D. reduced tillage agriculture E. advanced organic farming
C
18 1 out of 1 points What percentage of the food produced in the United States ends up wasted and not going to people who need food? Answers: A. 10% B. 20% C. 40% D. 60% E. 80%
C
22 1 out of 1 points Not only is food waste an obvious loss of food resources, it also contributes to other environmental issues such as the filling of land fills and contamination of air and water. But because of all of the resources being used in food production (fossil fuels, chemicals, water and land, food waste is a huge contributor to climate change. In the video on food waste as "the world's dumbest problem", food waste alone was equated to a country. In this analogy, where would food waste rank as a greenhouse gas producer when compared other countries? Answers: A. first B. second C. third D. fifth E. tenth
C
25 1 out of 1 points Which of the following choices requires the greatest amount of feed and water to produce one pound of food? Answers: A. chicken B. milk C. beef D. eggs E. pork
C
3 Soil salinization occurs when _______. Answers: A. not enough variety of crops are planted in one area B. salt is added to the soil as a natural insecticide C. water brought to the fields through irrigation evaporates D. too much fertilizer is used in one area E. animals are introduced to the fields
C
30 1 out of 1 points Sustainable agriculture is defined as Answers: A. a plant-breeding program focused on developing high yield varieties of grain crops B. a farming method in which one crop variety is planted over a large area of land with significant inputs of fertilizer, pesticides, and water C. a farming method that does not deplete resources, such as soil and water, faster than they are replaced D. a plant-breeding program focused on the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to increase crop productivity or create new varieties of crops E. a farming method that does not use any synthetic fertilizer, pesticides, or other chemical additives
C
35 1 out of 1 points Terracing, contour farming, intercropping, and crop rotation all ________. Answers: A. contribute to erosion and desertification B. are types of organic pest management C. are techniques for conserving soil resources and fertility D. contribute to nutrient leaching E. are prohibited in organic farming
C
13 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements apply to modern industrial agriculture methods? Answers: A. They rely on renewable energy sources to power modern farming equipment. B. They follow highly integrated techniques that are referred to as organic polycultures. C. They maintain and enrich ecosystem services through permaculture techniques. D. They focus considerable resources on a single crop species or monoculture. E. They avoid the excessive use of synthetic fertilizers and chemical pesticides.
D
14 1 out of 1 points If GM crops can decrease pesticide use, why are environmentalists still concerned about them? Answers: A. There is no public opposition to GM crops. B. The government funds most GM crop research. C. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency does not regulate them. D. Inserted genes can spread to nontarget species. E. Trials involving biotech fruits and vegetables have increased dramatically in recent years.
D
15 1 out of 1 points Characteristic features of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) include which of the following? Answers: A. The manure is difficult to collect, as there are so many animals in a small space. B. They use a lot of land relative to the number of animals raised. C. They have no net negative environmental impact. D. Animals are generally not permitted to roam free. E. Such operations raise only beef cattle.
D
17 1 out of 1 points The 1930s Dust Bowl was caused by severe drought in prairie lands, coupled with farming techniques that left the bare soil vulnerable to wind erosion. Which of the following sustainable farming techniques would help prevent such a phenomenon from happening again? Answers: A. strip cropping B. contour farming C. depression farming D. reduced tillage E. terrace farming
D
31 1 out of 1 points The coordinated global effort in the mid-20th century to eliminate hunger by improving crop performance using modern agricultural technologies in developing countries is called _______. Answers: A. traditional agriculture B. organic farming C. eutrophication D. the green revolution E. the gene revolution
D
33 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements is true about Green Revolution techniques? Answers: A. They have contributed to an increased diversity of foods in the human diet. B. They focus on sustainability. C. They focus on preserving biodiversity. D. They have increased crop yields but may not be sustainable. E. They focus on organic farming.
D
4 1 out of 1 points What is recombinant DNA? Answers: A. It is a term describing pollination of one plant by another of the same species. B. It is a term describing a biological that was part of the Green Revolution of the 1960s but is no longer used.. C. It is a term describing pollination of one plant by another of a different species to create new hybrids. D. It is the term describing the merging of DNA from two unrelated organisms to create new hybrid organisms. E. It is the term describing the assembly of short sequences of DNA in the lab.
D
8 1 out of 1 points A farm that plants non-locally adapted crops likely uses ________ agriculture methods. Answers: A. home B. swidden C. organic D. industrial E. sustainable
D
12 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is a consequence of overgrazing in grasslands? Answers: A. compaction of soil B. reduction in water penetration C. reduction in seed germination D. reduce seedling growth E. all of the above
E
16 1 out of 1 points Grasslands that are most susceptible to desertification are found in ____________ areas. Answers: A. temperate B. boreal C. humid D. tropical E. arid
E
23 1 out of 1 points The Irish potato famine was caused by a pathogen that quickly and successfully infected and killed millions of potato plants in Ireland. Based on the speed and ability of the pathogen to infect the plants, what kind of farming technique was likely implemented by the Irish? Answers: A. Intercropping B. organic C. sustainable D. strip cropping E. monoculture
E
26 1 out of 1 points Grasslands provide which of the following ecosystem services? Answers: A. nutrient cycling B. soil formation C. carbon sequestration D. wildlife habitats E. all of these answers are correct.
E
27 1 out of 1 points A(n) _______ organism is one that contains genes from another species. Answers: A. asexual B. hybrid C. diploid D. native E. transgenic
E
28 1 out of 1 points Which of the following foods would be most efficient for feeding a growing world population? Answers: A. eggs B. beef C. milk D. chicken E. grain
E
29 1 out of 1 points What is a known problem associated with industrial agriculture? Answers: A. greenhouse gas emission B. water pollution C. pesticide-resistant pests D. the disappearance of local, small, family-owned farms E. all are these answers are known problems
E
34 1 out of 1 points During most of our species' 100 000-year existence, and until about 10 000 years ago, we depended on ________. Answers: A. crops and cattle B. crops C. cattle D. hunting E. hunting and gathering
E