enviormental science

ensures the sustainable and fair use of genetic resources in all countries

Biodiversity Treaty

species that are critical to the functioning of an ecosystem

Keystone species

Which of the following diseases is often spread through unsafe public water sources? a. dysentery c. chicken pox b. influenza d. AIDS

a. dysentery

During the last 200 years, the human population has undergone _______________ growth. a. exponential b. slow c. moderate d . fluctuating

a. exponential

The 1991 cholera outbreak in Lima, Peru was caused by a. lack of clean water. c. widespread malnutrition. b. inadequate medical care. d. rats and other rodents.

a. lack of clean water.

Which factor contributed most to the exponential growth of the human population? a. more food, better hygiene c. higher fertility rates b. higher birth rates d. increased immigration

a. more food, better hygiene

A shortage of _____________________ can decrease the food supply available to a growing population. a. arable land b. birthrates c. youth d. none of these

arable land

Which of these is not a major provision of the Endangered Species Act? a. Products of endangered species may not be sold or traded. b. Countries that violate its provisions are placed under a trade embargo. c. Lists of threatened or endangered species must be prepared. d. A species recovery plan must be created.

b. Countries that violate its provisions are placed under a trade embargo.

How did the CITES treaty reduce the slaughter of elephants? a. It offered a bounty to tribal leaders for identifying poachers. b. It banned imports and exports of all ivory worldwide. c. It limited sales of ivory to the antique market. d. both (a) and (c)

b. It banned imports and exports of all ivory worldwide.

Hunting sea otters along the U.S. Pacific coast resulted in a. an increase in biodiversity. b. a reduction of kelp. c. no change in biodiversity d. a reduction in the sea urchin population.

b. a reduction of kelp.

Professionals who study and make predictions about human populations are called a. stenographers. c. geologists. b. demographers. d. populists.

b. demographers.

Educating women worldwide has lowered birthrates partly because a. educated women need to bear many children to ensure that some will survive. b. educated women may learn family-planning techniques. c. educated women contribute less to their family income. d. All of the above

b. educated women may learn family-planning techniques

An organism found only in one area is called a. extinct species b. endemic species c. exotic species d. endangered species

b. endemic species

A population pyramid is created by a. studying a group of people and noting when each member dies. b. graphing the distribution of ages in a population at a specific time. c. calculating the number of children a woman gives birth to in her lifetime. d. estimating the demand for services within a community.

b. graphing the distribution of ages in a population at a specific time.

To which groups do most of the unknown species belong? a. mammals and trees b. insects and fungi c. bacteria and plants d. protozoans and algae

b. insects and fungi

Where are many critical biodiversity hotspots located? a. cities and developed areas of the world b. islands, tropical rain forests, and coastal areas c. desert and polar environments d. all of the above

b. islands, tropical rain forests, and coastal areas

The percentage of members of a group that are likely to survive to any given age is called: a. immigration b. survivorship c. fertility d. growth rate

b. survivorship

Germ plasm is a. an infection caused by germs. b. the genetic material of a species. c. a conservation strategy. d. an endemic plant of California.

b. the genetic material of a species.

the number and variety of different species in a given area

biodiversity

the Amazon Rainforest

biodiversity hotspot

threatened areas of high biodiversity

biodiversity hotspots

application of biological science to create new products

biotechnology

_____ 10. Cooperative efforts to prevent extinction include the a. Biodiversity Treaty and Earth Summit. b. worldwide ban on trade in ivory. c. All of the above d. None of the above

c. All of the above

Growth rates for different parts of the world vary depending on the level of development of the region. Which region is experiencing the biggest increase in population? a. Europe c. Asia b. North America d. Australia

c. Asia

The major human causes of extinction today are a. poaching and destroying habitats. b. polluting and introducing nonnative species c. Both (a) and (b) d. Neither (a) nor (b)

c. Both (a) and (b)

Why are there so many species still unknown to modern science? a. Many of these species are found in remote environments. b. Smaller species receive less attention than large organisms. c. Cataloging these species is a huge task. d. all of the above

c. Cataloging these species is a huge task.

Which of the following is true of human demographic trends? a. In preindustrial societies, birth rates are low, and the population grows rapidly. b. When the average number of children born to each woman falls, the total population always increases. c. When birth rates and death rates are both high, the population grows slowly, if at all. d. Death rates rise in the third stage of the demographic transition.

c. When birth rates and death rates are both high, the population grows slowly, if at all.

Where are some of the unique ecosystems of the United States? a. in Pacific Northwest and California b. in the Florida Everglades and Hawaii c. both (a) and (b) d. none of the above

c. both (a) and (b)

The California condor is a species that a. has a limited range of flight and will become extinct. b. eats fruits and garden vegetables only. c. has been bred in captivity and returned to the wild. d. is now extinct.

c. has been bred in captivity and returned to the wild.

he United Nations has designated _________________________ countries to be given priority for foreign aid. Highly -developed Replacement Level Least-developed Declining population

c. least-developed

Preserving entire ecosystems rather than individual species is a good conservation strategy because a. only endangered species will be saved. b. developers will have greater access to land. c. more than one species can be saved. d. it will not be necessary for environmentalists to study the ecosystem.

c. more than one species can be saved.

Countries with high growth rates usually have an age structure that has a. an even distribution over all ages. b. more older people than young people. c. more younger people than older people. d. more middle-aged people than younger people.

c. more younger people than older people.

_____ 13. Reasons for preserving biodiversity include all of the following except a. isolating unique genetic material so it can be incorporated into existing crops. b. increasing the chances of discovering organisms with medicinal value. c. preventing natural evolution. d. finding new plants that can supplement the world's food supply.

c. preventing natural evolution.

method used to attempt to restore the population of a species in the wild

captive breeding

program that has helped return threatened species to the wild

captive breeding

Between 1880 and 1930 human population doubled due to a. the Industrial revolution. b. a combination of high birth rates and low death rates. c. improvements in societal infrastructure and services. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

It is often difficult to save individual species because a. small populations are more prone to disease. b. inbreeding may result in genetic disorders. c. captive species may not reproduce in the wild. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following makes it difficult to reduce population growth? a. High literacy rates result in women wanting to have more children. b. Population sizes will not decline until some people start having to do without food and other necessities of life. c. Many people live in cities, where large families are an advantage. d. Many people have low literacy and limited access to healthcare.

d. Many people have low literacy and limited access to healthcare.

Which of the following is a reason that wood is considered a limited resource in many developing countries? a. Wood is used in place of money to buy food. b. Fuelwood allows people to purify their water by boiling it. c. Excess wood is used to construct shantytowns. d. People cut down trees faster than they can grow.

d. People cut down trees faster than they can grow.

Scientists predict population sizes by using a. survivorship, migration, life expectancy, and replacement structure. b. age structure, fertility rate, and migration. c. replacement rate, fertility rate, age rates, and survivorship. d. age structure, survivorship, fertility rate, and migration.

d. age structure, survivorship, fertility rate, and migration.

How do people benefit from biodiversity? a. aesthetic or personal enjoyment b. variety of food sources c. source of new products d. all of the above

d. all of the above

What human activities have influenced recent extinction events? a. habitat destruction c. introducing exotic species b. poaching d. all of the above

d. all of the above

14. How many species are estimated to be living on Earth? a. between 10,000 and 1,000,000 b. between 500,000 and 1 million c. between 1 and 5 million d. between 10 and 50 million

d. between 10 and 50 million

What groups of organisms are most in danger of extinction? a. those with small populations b. those that migrate or need special habitats c. those with large populations that breed quickly d. both (a) and (b)

d. both (a) and (b)

9. Which of the following is a useful strategy for preserving habitats? a. grow crops among native plants b. set aside small plots of land c. prohibit land development d. both (a) and (c)

d. both (a) and (c)

Which of the following is not a strategy that could slow population growth? a. public advertising c. legal punishments b. economic incentives d. limiting education for women

d. limiting education for women

The world population will stop growing when fertility rates decline to ____________. a. exponential b. immigration c. death rate d. replacement level

d. replacement level

variety of habitats and communities within ecosystems

ecosystem diversity

activities such as camping in wilderness areas

ecotourism

tourist experiences among unique wildlife and ecosystems

ecotourism

number and variety of species within a given area

endemic species

species native to a particular area

endemic species

different genes contained within a population

genetic biodiversity

all the different genes contained in all members of a population

genetic diversity

preserving genetic material (seeds, DNA, and sex cells)

germ-plasm banks

protecting critical habitats and ecosystems

habitat conservation

varieties developed by combining genetic material from other populations

hybrids

species critical to the functioning of an ecosystem

keystone species

laws and regulations to protect endangered species

legal protection

illegal hunting

poaching

Some less-developed countries have tried to move forward in demographic transition by directly reducing ____________________ with advertising and economic incentives. a. birth rates b. death rates c. immigration d. emigration

a. birth rates

An increase in waterborne diseases could possibly be alleviated by a. adequate sewage treatment facilities for growing populations. b. very rapid growth of large cities. c. sufficient fuelwood. d. Both (a) and (b)

a. adequate sewage treatment facilities for growing populations.

11. Making chemicals or drugs from plants is called a. biotechnology b. endemic c. hybrid d. all of the above

a. biotechnology