ENVR HW2
What is a microbiome? Multiple choice question. An ecosystem that takes up a small amount of space An ecosystem made of microscopic organisms An ecosystem composed of very few organisms
An ecosystem made of microscopic organisms
______-based ("organic") compounds are the foundation of organisms. Multiple choice question. Phosphorus Carbon Nitrogen
Carbon
_____________ are molecular catalysts, regulating chemical reactions. Multiple choice question. Lipids Enzymes Carbohydrates DNA chains
Enzymes
Why are isotopes important in environmental science? Multiple choice question. Isotopes let us approximate past temperatures from air bubbles in ice cores. Isotopes are necessary for chemical bonding. Isotopes are needed to calculate the mass of an organism.
Isotopes let us approximate past temperatures from air bubbles in ice cores.
Select all that apply Which of the following are components of a cell? Multiple select question. Skin Tissue Organelles Wall or Membrane Nucleus
Organelles Wall or Membrane Nucleus
True or false: Bacteria play an important part in driving the global nitrogen cycle. True False
True
True or false: Phosphorus is an essential component of all cells. True False
True
What part of the electromagnetic spectrum do plants use, along with the infrared, for photosynthesis? Multiple choice question. Visible light Ultraviolet Radio waves Gamma rays
Visible light
Calories and Joules are measurements of __________.
energy
The __________ scale is used to represent hydrogen ion concentrations in water, and differentiates acids and bases.
ph
In the carbon cycle, CO2 is taken in by plants through the process of ________
photosynthesis
Green plants and algae are primary ________.
producers
The atomic number of an element reflects the number of ______ in an atom of that element. Multiple choice question. protons plus neutrons protons neutrons electrons plus neutrons plus protons electrons
protons
The _________ law of thermodynamics recognizes that entropy (disorder, or loss of energy or organization) tends to increase in nature.
second
Select all that apply DNA is essential for ______. Multiple select question. storing and expressing genetic information storing energy in cells the dissolving of lipids in water carrying information between cells, tissues, and organs
storing and expressing genetic information carrying information between cells, tissues, and organs
As a substance absorbs heat, it may either ______ or ______. Choose the 2 answers that fit. Multiple select question. acquire a lower temperature lose energy undergo a phase change acquire a higher temperature
undergo a phase change acquire a higher temperature
Select all that apply An element's atomic number involves the number of protons in an atom because ______. Multiple select question. the number of protons within an element does not vary the number of neutrons can vary (producing different isotopes) protons have a greater mass than neutrons the number of protons is unpredictable
the number of protons within an element does not vary the number of neutrons can vary (producing different isotopes)
An organism's feeding status in an ecosystem is its ______. Multiple choice question. trophic level population level species type consumer level
trophic level
A positively charged ion has one or more ______, making it a cation. Multiple choice question. missing electrons extra electrons extra protons missing protons
missing electrons
DNA is composed of varying arrangements of ______ different nucleotides. Multiple choice question. 17 50 4 120
4
In what form is carbon stored in rock layers in the earth? Multiple choice question. Coal Magma Granite
Coal
What is the relationship between heat and temperature? Multiple choice question. It is an inverse relationship. Heat and temperature are the same phenomenon. We measure a change in temperature in an object that absorbs heat.
We measure a change in temperature in an object that absorbs heat.
Matter consists of ____________ , which are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler forms by ordinary chemical reactions.
elements or atoms
There are more rabbits than foxes in an ecosystem because ______. Multiple choice question. foxes cannot reproduce as frequently as rabbits energy accumulates at higher trophic levels rabbits overconsume the available food sources, leaving little energy for foxes energy is degraded and dissipated within a trophic level and as it is transferred to successively higher trophic levels in the pyramid
energy is degraded and dissipated within a trophic level and as it is transferred to successively higher trophic levels in the pyramid
The majority of water that undergoes ________ comes from the oceans. After that, it condenses into clouds and precipitation follows.
evaporation
The greatest hydrologic cycle exchange is with ______ and ______. Multiple choice question. evaporation from soil, streams, rivers, and lakes; precipitation over land transpiration from vegetation; runoff evaporation from the oceans; precipitation back to the oceans
evaporation from the oceans; precipitation back to the oceans
Nitrogen ______ involves capturing atmospheric forms and converting them into forms usable by plants. Multiple choice question. splitting fixing compounding
fixing
The energy that moves through a food web or chain is use for movement and the generation of _________, which dissipates to the surrounding environment.
heat
An organism's trophic level relates to ______ in an ecosystem. Multiple choice question. its feeding status the number of predators it has the quantity of food it eats
its feeding status
Our atmosphere plays a ______ part in the nitrogen cycle, as nitrogen gas (N2) makes up about ______ percent of our atmosphere. Multiple choice question. key; 78 small; 12 very minimal; 0.001
key; 78
Select all that apply Phosphorus is an important matter of concern because ______. Multiple select question. most phosphorus in ecosystems comes from certain rocks and mineral sources that are in limited supply phosphorus is a key nutrient phosphorus is abundant but useless to organisms phosphorus can lead to environmental pollution atmospheric phosphorus is hard for plants to capture
most phosphorus in ecosystems comes from certain rocks and mineral sources that are in limited supply phosphorus is a key nutrient phosphorus can lead to environmental pollution
Being "fixed" by bacteria, ________ is important to living things because it is an essential component of proteins, enzymes, DNA, and many other organic molecules.
nitrogen
As a general rule of thumb, each trophic level has about ______ as much energy as the trophic level below it in the pyramid. Multiple choice question. two times 2/1,000th one-tenth 1/100th
one-tenth
In biology, the term species generally refers to all organisms ______. Multiple choice question. similar enough to produce fertile offspring in nature of a kind that live in an area that have similar appearances and behaviors
similar enough to produce fertile offspring in nature
Carbon sinks are best described as ______. Multiple choice question. sources of carbon, such as from cellular respiration and combustion geological layers of the earth that crumble and fall into the ocean depths storage/deposit locations for carbon
storage/deposit locations for carbon
Why is it important that nitrogen be "fixed"? Multiple choice question. It involves breaking the molecules and compounds down so that they can fit through cell walls. It involves converting it from a gaseous state into forms that are useful to plants. After fixation it can never return to a gaseous form, so it is no longer a contributor to global climate change.
It involves converting it from a gaseous state into forms that are useful to plants.
Select all that apply Which of these examples correctly describe energy quality as it relates to environmental science? Multiple select question. The kinetic energy of wind is low-quality and hard to store efficiently. Solar and wind energy are diffuse and hard to use. Chemical bonds stored in oil are difficult to convert to kinetic energy. Dams store water in the form of kinetic energy that can be converted to potential energy when released.
The kinetic energy of wind is low-quality and hard to store efficiently. Solar and wind energy are diffuse and hard to use.
Select all that apply The second law of thermodynamics states that ______. Multiple select question. there is no way to capture lost low-quality energy kinetic energy is degraded to chemical energy as energy is transformed, less energy is available for work entropy tends to increase
as energy is transformed, less energy is available for work entropy tends to increase
Isotopes are forms of an element that differ in their ______. Multiple choice question. electric charge number of electrons atomic mass
atomic mass
The principle of conservation of matter states that matter ______. Multiple select question. is readily converted to energy can be converted to different forms can be recycled cannot be destroyed or created under normal circumstances cannot be transformed
can be converted to different forms can be recycled cannot be destroyed or created under normal circumstances
In the process of photosynthesis, plants are able to take ______ out of the air and fix it into sugar molecules. Multiple choice question. nitrogen phosphorus helium carbon
carbon
Isotopes of oxygen, which differ in mass, are used to evaluate ______ in environmental science research. Multiple choice question. climate history the age of organic remains the radioactivity of nuclear energy
climate history
The visible light that we see and that plants use for photosynthesis is just a small part of the __________ spectrum.
electromagnetic
In a covalent bond, atoms share _________. In an ionic bond, ions are held together by the attraction of __________ electrical charges.
electron or electrons opposite, opposing, or different
The gene editing system CRISPR uses _________ to cut DNA sequences.
enzymes
The ______ law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. Multiple choice question. first second third
first
In chemistry, elements ______. Multiple choice question. have distinct chemical characteristics are the primary form of energy readily change from one form to another are rarely found in ionic form
have distinct chemical characteristics
Oil and gas are ______ energy sources whereas solar and wind are ______, meaning they are less concentrated and harder to use. Multiple choice question. low-quality; high-quality high-quality; low-quality
high-quality; low-quality
Bases are ______ so they can cause significant damage to living organisms. Multiple choice question. neutralizing poisonous highly reactive buffers
highly reactive
The numbers of the pH scale, such as 3 for soda or 13 for bleach, represent the negative logarithm of their ______ ion concentration. Multiple choice question. base oxygen hydrogen acid
hydrogen
Undersea explorations in the 1970s revealed chemosynthetic communities with organisms capable of using the chemical bonds between the inorganic elements of ______ to provide energy for synthesis of organic molecules. Multiple choice question. water (H2O) hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or hydrogen gas (H2) glucose (C6H12O6)
hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or hydrogen gas (H2)
Entropy tends to ______ over time in natural systems. Multiple choice question. stay the same decrease increase
increase
The electrical attraction between two ions with opposite charges forms a(n) ______ bond, whereas a(n) ______ bond involves a shared electron between two atoms. Multiple choice question. covalent; ionic nuclear; covalent ionic; covalent
ionic; covalent
Positively or negatively charged atoms are ______. Multiple choice question. compounds ions particles molecules
ions
Atoms often gain and lose electrons, giving them a negative or positive electrical charge. These charged atoms are ________.
ions or ionic
There is a tremendous amount of heat stored in the ocean but it is dispersed and difficult to collect, so we call it __________ -quality.
low
Heat stored in the ocean is of ______. Multiple choice question. comparable energy quality to the chemical energy stored in oil, coal, or natural gas low-quality because it is hard to capture and use high-quality because there is such an immense quantity of it
low-quality because it is hard to capture and use
The complex community of bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and other organisms that live in and on your body is a(n) __________.
microbiome
Carbon-based, or ______ compounds are the foundation of organisms. Multiple choice question. photosynthetic organic atomic
organic
A(n) ___________ atom gives up one or more electrons, and a(n)_________ atom gains electrons.
oxidized reduced
An atom that has given up one or more electrons is said to be ______, and when an atom gains electrons it is said to be ______. Multiple choice question. oxidized; reduced ionically bonded; covalently bonded broken; healed reduced; oxidized
oxidized; reduced
The four elements that make up more than 96 percent of the mass of most living organisms are ________, _________, _________, and ___________.
oxygen or O carbon or C nitrogen or N hydrogen or H
The nucleus of an atom contains _________ and _______ . A "cloud" of electrons surrounds the nucleus.
protons neutrons
Acids can cause environmental problems because the hydrogen ions ______. Multiple choice question. do not occur in natural systems produce concentrations of sodium ions react readily with living tissues are always poisonous
react readily with living tissues
An atom is the smallest particle ______. Multiple choice question. that exhibits characteristics of an element into which an element can be divided that exists
that exhibits characteristics of an element
_______ is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.
Ecology
An organism that eats other organisms is a(n) _________.
consumer
The hare in this relationship is the ______. Multiple choice question. consumer producer
consumer
Select all that apply Which of the following are among the unique characteristics of water? Multiple select question. It freezes at very high temperatures. It can exist as a liquid, gas, or solid. It has a high heat of vaporization. It expands when it freezes. It has a high specific heat.
It has a high heat of vaporization. It expands when it freezes. It has a high specific heat.
Energy is the ability to do work. Which of the following is also true about energy? Multiple choice question. It takes many forms. It can be created and destroyed. There is only one type.
It takes many forms.
Match each type of energy to its correct definition. Kinetic Potential Chemical Heat Energy in moving objects Stored energy, as in a rock poised on top of a hill Energy stored in molecular bonds Energy transferred between objects of different temperature
Kinetic - Energy in moving objects Potential - Stored energy, as in a rock poised on top of a hill Chemical - Energy stored in molecular bonds Heat - Energy transferred between objects of different temperature
Match each type of energy to its correct example. Kinetic Potential Chemical A boulder resting at the top of a hill Bonds in a sugar molecule Movement of an organism
Kinetic - Movement of an organism Potential - A boulder resting at the top of a hill Chemical - Bonds in a sugar molecule
Select all that apply Which of the following statements about energy are true? Multiple select question. Low-quality energy is not generally as easy to use as high-quality energy. A mass can have a high heat content but a low temperature. Calories are a measure of kinetic energy. Temperature always changes as heat is added to a mass.
Low-quality energy is not generally as easy to use as high-quality energy. A mass can have a high heat content but a low temperature.
________ involves all the energy and matter exchanges that occur within a living cell or organism. Multiple choice question. Decomposition Metabolism Photosynthesis
Metabolism
Green plants, algae, and some bacteria capture solar radiation and convert it to organic molecules in a process called _________.
Photosynthesis
Ordering Question Click and drag on elements in order Matter changes phase as it absorbs more energy. Rank the following phases from low energy intensity at the bottom to high energy intensity at the top. Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
Plasma Gas Liquid Solid
Select all that apply Which of these statements correctly describes the process of cellular respiration? Multiple select question. Carbon dioxide and water are broken down to produce sugars and oxygen. Cellular respiration can only occur when the sun is shining. Sugars are broken down and combined with oxygen to release energy, water, and carbon dioxide. The chemical reaction of cellular respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis.
Sugars are broken down and combined with oxygen to release energy, water, and carbon dioxide. The chemical reaction of cellular respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis.
Click and drag on elements in order Rank the following carbon cycle exchanges by placing the process that moves the most carbon at the top and the one that moves the least at the bottom. photosynthesis by land plants photosynthesis by marine plankton burning of fossil fuels land clearing, burning
1) photosynthesis by land plants 2) photosynthesis by marine plankton 3) burning of fossil fuels 4) land clearing, burning
Select all that apply In the hydrologic cycle, which of these processes are responsible for redistributing water around earth and among ecosystems? Multiple select question. Evaporation Transpiration Atmospheric circulation Runoff Humidification Perspiration Percolation to groundwater
Evaporation Transpiration Atmospheric circulation Runoff Percolation to groundwater
Match the hydrologic cycle component with the correct estimated amount of water moved annually within that component. Evaporation from the ocean Precipitation over the ocean Precipitation over the land Evaporation from soil, streams, rivers, and lakes
Evaporation from the ocean - Choice, 425,000 km3 Precipitation over the ocean - 385,000 km3 Precipitation over the land - Choice, 111,000 km3 Evaporation from soil, streams, rivers, and lakes - 30,000 km3
Match the organism type to the correct kind of food it consumes. Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Scavenger Detritivore Decomposer Plants only Flesh only Both plants and animals Dead carcasses Litter, debris, and dung Organic material remnants
Herbivore - Plants only Carnivore - Flesh only Omnivore - Both plants and animals Scavenger - Dead carcasses Detritivore - Litter, debris, and dung Decomposer - Organic material remnants
______ eat plants only. ______ eat flesh only. ______ eat plants and animal matter. ______ eat dead carcasses. ______ eat litter, debris, and dung. ______ eat remnant organic material. Multiple choice question. Detritivores; Scavengers; Herbivores; Omnivores; Decomposers; Carnivores Decomposers; Detritivores; Scavengers; Carnivores; Omnivores; Herbivores Herbivores; Carnivores; Omnivores; Scavengers; Detritivores; Decomposers
Herbivores; Carnivores; Omnivores; Scavengers; Detritivores; Decomposers
Which of the following is not a human source of increased nitrogen in circulation? Multiple choice question. Synthetic ammonia fertilizers Increased lightening strikes Burning of fossil fuels in car engines
Increased lightening strikes
Select all that apply When oxygen is available, bacteria may combine ammonia (NH3) with oxygen to form ______. Multiple select question. N2 NO NO2- NO3- NH4+ N2O
NO NO2- NO3- N2O
Select all that apply In a trophic pyramid, less energy is available at the top (top predators) as compared to the bottom (primary producers). Where does the energy go as it is used in the ecosystem? (Select all the statements that are correct.) Multiple select question. Organisms at the top of the pyramid store most of the energy as fat, and this means that it is unavailable for use. Organisms in each trophic level live and grow, which requires energy, so less energy is available to transfer up to the next level in the pyramid. Producers' high-quality chemical energy is transformed to lower-quality energy forms (heat) that dissipates to the environment as organisms move. All the energy at one level in the pyramid is lost as heat and becomes unavailable to the next level up in the trophic pyramid.
Organisms in each trophic level live and grow, which requires energy, so less energy is available to transfer up to the next level in the pyramid. Producers' high-quality chemical energy is transformed to lower-quality energy forms (heat) that dissipates to the environment as organisms move.
Which of the following is true about the phosphorus cycle? Multiple choice question. Phosphorus plays no role in cycling through living organisms in the biosphere. Phosphorus cycles rapidly through the atmosphere and oceans. Phosphorus has no gaseous phase, so it "cycles" extremely slowly.
Phosphorus has no gaseous phase, so it "cycles" extremely slowly.
Select all that apply Which of the following are major processes in the carbon cycle? Multiple select question. Precipitation Photosynthesis Respiration Evaporation
Photosynthesis Respiration
Which of the following are major processes in the carbon cycle? Multiple select question. Evaporation Respiration Precipitation Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Respiration
From the list below, choose all that are producers. Multiple select question. Plants Lobsters Algae Cats
Plants Algae
______ is the amount of biomass (biological material) produced in a given area during a given period of time. Multiple choice question. Productivity Chemosynthesis Photosynthesis Respiration
Productivity
Which two carbon cycle components have essentially the same amount of carbon exchange in gigatons (Gt) per year? Multiple choice question. Respiration (from soil and plants) and photosynthesis by land plants Marine plankton respiration and the burning of fossil fuels Land clearing/burning and marine plankton photosynthesis
Respiration (from soil and plants) and photosynthesis by land plants
Select all that apply Since 1945, human inputs have led to more than double the amount of nitrogen in circulation. Select all the sources of this additional nitrogen. Multiple select question. Spread of nitrogen-fixing soybeans Synthetic ammonia fertilizers Burning of forests for agricultural expansion Burning of fossil fuels in car engines and industrial furnaces Increasing numbers of ruminant animals
Spread of nitrogen-fixing soybeans Synthetic ammonia fertilizers Burning of fossil fuels in car engines and industrial furnaces
Match the form of carbon to the correct storage compartment in the ecosystem. Sugar molecules Calcium carbonate Coal and oil Carbon dioxide Plants Shells and skeletons of marine organisms Earth's sediments and rock layers Atmosphere
Sugar molecules - Plants Calcium carbonate - Shells and skeletons of marine organisms Coal and oil - Earth's sediments and rock layers Carbon dioxide - Atmosphere
Nitrogen is important to living things because it is ______. Multiple choice question. an essential component of proteins, enzymes, DNA, and other organic compounds involved in absorbing large quantities of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that would otherwise reach the earth's surface causing cell damage Reason: Ozone is a molecule in the atmosphere that serves a primary role in absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the sun. the only atmospheric molecule that bacteria can break down to form organic molecules, and without it all bacteria would die
an essential component of proteins, enzymes, DNA, and other organic compounds
We have dramatically altered the pace of earth's ________ cycle by freeing the _______ locked in coal and oil that is naturally stored for long periods of time and cycled very slowly. (The same word goes in both blanks.)
carbon
A food _________ is a linked feeding series, and a food ________ is an interconnected arrangement of several predator and prey relations generally inhabiting the same ecosystem.
chain web
What is CRISPR? Multiple choice question. A dangerous strain of bacteria A gene editing system A human-made isotope of carbon
A gene editing system
Match the term to the correct description. Acids Bases Substances that readily give up hydrogen ions in water Substances that readily bond with hydrogen ions in water
Acids - Substances that readily give up hydrogen ions in water Bases - Substances that readily bond with hydrogen ions in water
Select all that apply Which of the following are the four major categories of organic compounds in living things? Multiple select question. Nutrients Carbohydrates Lipids Vitamins Nucleic acids Proteins Enzymes
Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins
Select all that apply Which of these accurately describe the degradation of energy as it is used? Multiple select question. Heat energy in fuel is converted to chemical bonds when it is burned. Chemical energy in food is converted to kinetic energy in an animal. Chemical energy in food is converted to heat energy. Heat energy in an animal is converted to the kinetic energy of running.
Chemical energy in food is converted to kinetic energy in an animal. Chemical energy in food is converted to heat energy.
______ is the process in which bacteria use chemical bonds between inorganic elements to provide energy for synthesis of organic molecules. Multiple choice question. Chemosynthesis Photosynthesis Extremosynthesis
Chemosynthesis
What is the primary molecule in photosynthesis that absorbs light energy and creates chemicals that plants use in cellular metabolism? Multiple choice question. Glucose NADPH Chlorophyll ATP
Chlorophyll
Which statement best describes the way the quality of energy normally changes as it moves through a system? Multiple choice question. Usefulness of energy tends to increase. Energy degrades or dissipates. Energy quality tends to increase or intensify.
Energy degrades or dissipates.
Select all that apply Which of the following are roles specific to enzymes? Multiple select question. Enzymes are molecular catalysts, regulating chemical reactions. Enzymes store genetic information. Enzymes dispose of cell wastes.
Enzymes are molecular catalysts, regulating chemical reactions. Enzymes dispose of cell wastes.
______ is the term we use to describe an organism that thrives in a variety of severe or harsh conditions. Multiple choice question. Extremophile Mutant Thermophile Fungus
Extremophile
Match the following characteristics of water to the correct description of why that characteristic is essential to life on earth. Molecules are polar. Water remains liquid at a wide range of temperatures. Molecules are cohesive. Helps organisms to function in cool and warm conditions Dissolves substances easily Aids capillary action and surface tension
Molecules are polar - Dissolves substances easily Water remains liquid at a wide range of temperatures - Helps organisms to function in cool and warm conditions Molecules are cohesive. - Aids capillary action and surface tension
Table salt (NaCl) dissolves in water to form Na+ and Cl-. Identify which ion is an anion and which is a cation. Na+ Cl- Anion Cation
Na+ - Cation Cl- - Anion
Differing numbers of which particle can make different isotopes of an element? Multiple choice question. Electrons Protons Neutrons
Neutrons
Large volumes of methane are created by microbial communities on the ocean floor. What is the primary reason this methane doesn't escape to the atmosphere? Multiple choice question. The methane is absorbed into the organic muds on the ocean floor. Other microbial communities consume it. The high pressures in the deep ocean keep the gas in the water.
Other microbial communities consume it.
Select all that apply One unusual characteristic of water is its high specific heat, which means that water ______. Multiple select question. absorbs a great amount of heat before its temperature changes retains surface tension better than other liquids changes temperature slowly boils at a higher temperature than other liquids has the ability to play an important role in moderating global temperatures
absorbs a great amount of heat before its temperature changes changes temperature slowly has the ability to play an important role in moderating global temperatures
Substances that readily give up H+ ions in water are ____________ , and substances that readily bond with H+ ions are __________ . (Use only one word per blank.)
acids, acid, or acidic bases, base, or basic
The source of carbon utilized in photosynthesis by green plants is the ______. Multiple choice question. degraded remains of other plants sugar molecules air
air
Select all that apply Photosynthesis is an energy conversion process conducted by ______. Multiple select question. algae some bacteria green plants animals fungi
algae some bacteria green plants
Metabolism involves ______. Multiple choice question. the selective entry of certain molecules through the cell wall cell death and decomposition all the energy and matter exchanges that occur within a living cell or organism
all the energy and matter exchanges that occur within a living cell or organism
Ecology is the scientific study of ______. Multiple choice question. energy transfers and conversions all living things the relationships between organisms and their environment
the relationships between organisms and their environment
Scientists are interested in extremeophiles for many reasons, one of which is ______. Multiple choice question. they are extremely complex organisms they only live in hot springs they live in conditions that likely represent early earth
they live in conditions that likely represent early earth
Matching Question Water often changes among three phases of matter. Match the form of water with the general name of that phase. Water Water vapor Ice
Water ----- Liquid Water vapor ------ Gas Ice ----- Solid
Cellular ________ , which breaks down simple sugar molecules and produces CO2, is essentially the reverse of photosynthesis.
respiration
A human body is composed of trillions of ________ , of which there are about 200 different types with varying functions that help to carry out life processes.
cells
Ammonia is just one of the many forms of __________ in the __________ cycle. (The same word goes in both blanks.)
nitrogen nitrogen
The four major categories of organic compounds in living things are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and ______. Multiple choice question. fats nutrients vitamins nucleic acids
nucleic acids
In general, food ______ are more complex than food ______. Multiple choice question. webs; chains pyramids; hierarchies hierarchies; pyramids chains; webs
webs; chains
Select all that apply Select the two common measurements of energy. Multiple select question. Calorie Watt Joule Temperature
Calorie Joule
Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of important carbon sinks? Multiple select question. Insects Expansive boreal forests Oceans Atmosphere
Expansive boreal forests Oceans
Select all that apply Carbon is stored for very long periods of time in the ______. (Select the two answers with the longest storage times.) Multiple select question. atmosphere, specifically the troposphere bodies of living plants form of coal and oil below the earth's surface shells and skeletons of marine organisms at the bottom of the ocean
form of coal and oil below the earth's surface shells and skeletons of marine organisms at the bottom of the ocean
The primary difference of the phosphorus cycle when compared to both the nitrogen and carbon cycles is that it ______. Multiple choice question. is not involved in any environmental pollution problems has no gaseous or atmospheric phase plays no role in cycling through living organisms in the biosphere
has no gaseous or atmospheric phase
Chains and rings of carbon atoms form the skeletons of ______. Multiple choice question. radioactive compounds organic compounds water molecules
organic compounds
In general, an ecosystem includes ______. Multiple choice question. the nonliving factors that support life organisms and nonliving factors in their environment all organisms in an area
organisms and nonliving factors in their environment
A(n) ______ is all the members of a species living in a given area at the same time, and a(n) ______ is all the populations living and interacting in a particular area. Multiple choice question. organization; ecosystem population; biological community food chain; food web
population; biological community
What greenhouse gas is both created an consumed in vast quantities by various microbial communities on the ocean floor? Multiple choice question. Ozone Methane Carbon dioxide
Methane
Which of the following statements is true regarding molecules and compounds? Multiple choice question. Molecules always consist of less than 24 atoms, and compounds always consist of 24 or more atoms. Molecules consist of just one element, and compounds are composed of different kinds of elements. Molecules and compounds are both made of atoms.
Molecules and compounds are both made of atoms.
Which of these statements reflect real-world implications of the principle of conservation of matter? Multiple select question. Nutrients washing offshore can be absorbed indefinitely by an estuary, such as the Chesapeake Bay. Nutrients, water, and other matter can cycle endlessly through living organisms and earth systems. Nutrients washing offshore in Chesapeake Bay do not disappear; they will remain in the estuary system or the oceans until they are cycled out. Nutrients washing offshore can readily be converted to other phases. When you throw away garbage, it does not really disappear.
Nutrients, water, and other matter can cycle endlessly through living organisms and earth systems. Nutrients washing offshore in Chesapeake Bay do not disappear; they will remain in the estuary system or the oceans until they are cycled out. When you throw away garbage, it does not really disappear.
Large volumes of methane are created by microbial communities on the ocean floor. What is the primary reason this methane doesn't escape to the atmosphere? Multiple choice question. The methane is absorbed into the organic muds on the ocean floor. The high pressures in the deep ocean keep the gas in the water. Other microbial communities consume it.
Other microbial communities consume it.
Select all that apply Which of these elements make up most of the mass of living organisms? Multiple select question. Oxygen Sodium Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Iron
Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen
A population is ______, and a biological community is ______. Multiple choice question. made up of many species; made up of only one species all the members of a species living in a given area at the same time; all the populations living and interacting in a particular area all the living components of an ecosystem; all the nonliving components of an ecosystem (e.g., soil, water, and air)
all the members of a species living in a given area at the same time; all the populations living and interacting in a particular area
Productivity in an ecosystem relates to the ______. Multiple choice question. amount of biomass produced in a given area during a given time period quantity of nutrients found in the soil number of offspring an individual species is capable of having per year rate of photosynthesis in a given area
amount of biomass produced in a given area during a given time period
The process of photosynthesis can be summarized as a series of reactions during which a plant (or other photosynthetic organism) Multiple choice question. captures carbon dioxide and oxygen to produce water and chlorophyll. captures water and carbon dioxide and produces sugars and oxygen. captures solar energy and produces carbon dioxide.
captures water and carbon dioxide and produces sugars and oxygen.
Organic compounds are primarily made of chains and rings of ______ atoms. Multiple choice question. nitrogen oxygen carbon
carbon
Select all that apply Photosynthesis captures solar energy and stores it in ______. Multiple select question. the cells of herbivorous animals chemical bonds in sugars and carbohydrates bonds formed from carbon dioxide and water chlorophyll
chemical bonds in sugars and carbohydrates bonds formed from carbon dioxide and water
Atoms join to form ______, and a pair or group of atoms that can exist as a single unit is called a ______. Multiple choice question. solids; gas electrons; nucleus compounds; molecule
compounds; molecule
Entropy can best be described as ______. Multiple choice question. energy generation disorder, or loss of energy or organization the absence of energy
disorder, or loss of energy or organization
We think of ecosystems as systems because ______. Multiple choice question. energy and matter flow through, and are stored in, the component parts all parts are readily measured or weighed all elements exist entirely within the ecosystem's boundaries material neither leaves nor enters
energy and matter flow through, and are stored in, the component parts
The first law of thermodynamics states that ______. Multiple choice question. energy cannot be transformed energy cannot be created or destroyed under normal conditions energy readily transforms to mass
energy cannot be created or destroyed under normal conditions
The original Latin meaning of the term species is ______. Multiple choice question. group population kind animal
kind
