ENVS 1126 Exam 2
Which one of the following sources of calories in the human diet requires the greatest amount of land per calorie to produce? Dairy Poultry Pork Beef
Beef
The principal concern with the use of neonicotinoid insecticides is their adverse effects on Fish Bees Amphibians Birds
Bees
Golden rice is a cultivar of rice that was genetically modified to address problems associated with diets that are deficient in vitamin a. Golden rice is enriched with which one of the following? Beta carotene Zeaxanthin Astaxanthin Lutein
Beta carotene
The country with the greatest number of nuclear power plants under construction is Russia France USA China
China
Which one of the following countries has the lowest per capita energy consumption? China US Germany Canada
China
Which of the following is the major cause of mortality in the least developed countries in the world? Cardiovascular disease Cancer Injuries Communicable diseases
Communicable diseases
Which one of the following energy policies would not directly impact use of natural gas and oil? Corporate tax rebates for installation of combined heat and power plants Carbon tax Corporate tax rebates for installation of integrated gasification combined cycle power plants Cap and trade on CO2 emissions
Corporate tax rebates for installation of integrated gasification combined cycle power plants
Which one of the following is not a technique used in integrated pest management? Planting of refuge crops Cosmetic spraying Crop rotation Destruction of crop residues
Cosmetic spraying
Which one of the following has been shown to most adversely affect the reproduction of birds? DDP DDD DDT DDE
DDE
Roughly 99% of crop irrigation globally is done by Flood irrigation and central pivot methods Drip irrigation and surge flow Surge flow and flood irrigation Center pivot methods and drip irrigation
Flood irrigation and central pivot methods
In which one of the following states is groundwater not being withdrawn faster than it is being naturally replenished? Ohio California Nebraska Florida
Florida
Hardening of urban streams in the name of flood control is an example of which of the letters of the acronym HIPPO? H P I O
H
Which one of the following millennium development goals has been achieved? Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs, and reverse the loss of environmental resources Between 1990 and 2015, reduce by half the proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 per day Have halted, by 2015, and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health
Have halted, by 2015, and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
Most national wealth is Financial capital Natural capital Produced capital Intangible capital
Intangible capital
Which one of the following sources of energy is not used by electric power plants that generate electricity by boiling water? Natural gas Coal Nuclear energy Oil
Natural gas
In regions where various types of vegetation coexist and compete, periodic fires do not tip the balance in favor of Oak trees Redwood trees Pine trees Grasses
Oak trees
What is the principal reason that western rangelands in the United States produce less than half the livestock forage that they did in the early 19th century? Over-drafting of aquifers Failure to rotate crops Over cultivation Overgrazing
Overgrazing
Global warming during the 21st century is expected to Slow the hydrologic cycle and the thermohaline circulation of the ocean Speed up the hydrologic cycle and slow the thermohaline circulation of the ocean Slow the hydrologic cycle and spread the thermohaline circulation of the ocean Speed up the hydrologic cycle and the thermohaline circulation of the ocean
Speed up the hydrologic cycle and slow the thermohaline circulation of the ocean
Which of the following terms is used to characterize the arrangement of soil particles in clumps and aggregates? Composition Texture Anisotropy Structure
Structure
Which of the following statements is not true about the Grameen bank? The loans have been found to have the greatest social benefits when focused on men The payback rate of the loans has exceeded 97% It loans small amounts of money to poor people Recipients of the loans form credit associations
The loans have been found to have the greatest social benefits when focused on men
The two countries that account for the greatest amount of ethanol production as a fuel are USA and Cuba China and Brazil USA and Brazil Cuba and China
USA and Brazil
Approximately what percentage of the worlds crop lands are used to feed domestic animals? 50% 75% 33% 20%
33%
In hypothetical country a, everyone dies when they reach the age of 60. In hypothetical country b, which has a better health care system, everyone dies when they reach the age of 80. If the total population is both countries is stable, what percentage of the total population would you expect to be in the age group 21-40 years inclusive? 25% in country a and 33% in country b 33% in country a and 25% in country b 20% in country a and 15% in country b 15% in country a and 20% in country b
33% in country a and 25% in country b
A population is growing exponentially with a doubling time of 10 years. If the size of the population now is 50, what will be the size of the population 30 years from now? 400 200 300 500
400
Geothermal power plants provide electricity for _____________ people in the US 50,000 5,000 500,000 5 mil
5 mil
The amount of biomass on successive trophic levels in a good chain forms a pyramid in which the biomass on trophic level N+1 is only 20% of the biomass on trophic level N. If pesticide P is transferred from one trophic level to the next with 100% efficiency, what will be the concentration of P on trophic level 5 if the concentration of P on trophic level 2 is 4 parts per million (ppm)? 20 ppm 500 ppm 100 ppm 2500 ppm
500 ppm
Which one of the following is the definition of a biome? A cluster of interacting ecosystems like forests, open meadows, and rivers A large area of earths surface that shares climate and has similar vegetation The individuals of a certain species that live within a given area An interactive complex of communities and the abiotic environment affecting them within a particular area
A large area of earths surface that shares climate and has similar vegetation
An artesian aquifer can be contaminated by An unlined lagoon used for disposal of wastewater A leaky underground sewer line A leak in a pipe used for deep well injection of liquid wastes Overflow from a cesspool that is not pumped out on a regular basis
A leak in a pipe used for deep well injection of liquid wastes
On which of the following continents is more water used for industrial purposes than for agriculture? South America Africa Asia Europe
Europe
Most electric power plants built in the US since 2000 use which one of the following sources of energy? Natural gas Nuclear energy Oil Coal
Natural gas
Which of the following are two of the negative aspects of no-till agriculture? May increase the effects of pests that remain in the crop residues and requires use of herbicides Is restricted to perennial crops and results in lower crop yields Requires use of herbicides and is restricted to perennial crops Results in lower crop yields and may increase the effects of pests that remain in crop residues
May increase the effects of pests that remain in crop residues and requires use of herbicides
The three principal greenhouse gases emitted as a result of agricultural activities are Ozone, methane, carbon dioxide Methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, ozone Nitrous oxide, ozone, methane
Methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide
Which one of the following is the best soil for agriculture? Aridisol Mollisol Alfisol Oxisol
Mollisol
Electricity produced by which of the following is not an example of green power? Geothermal Solar Natural gas Wind
Natural gas
Terrestrial biomes are groups of ecosystems characterized by similar types of Carnivores and herbivores Herbivores and plants Plants and climate Climate and carnivores
Plants and climate
The fertility rate in Burkino Faso has exceeded the replacement rate for many years and is currently about 5.1. If the fertility rate were to suddenly drop to the replacement rate, why would the population of Burkino Faso continue to increase? Recent dramatic improvement in health care Improved nutrition from genetically modified crops Population momentum Immigration from neighboring countries
Population momentum
Which of the following is the greatest source of exposure to radiation for people in the United States? Continued fallout from nuclear testing Radon gas in average house Natural radioactivity in the body Cosmic radiation
Radon gas in the average house
Which one of the following is not an example of blue water? Rainwater taken up by plants Lake Huron Groundwater The Mississippi River
Rainwater taken up by plants
Which of the following statements is not one of the vital concepts that move societies toward a sustainable future? Sustainability Sound science Stewardship Security
Security
In a nuclear power plant fueled with uranium-235, what is the purpose of the moderator? Shut down the reactor if there is a loss of cooling water Maintain power output within a specified range Slow neutrons Prevent a runaway chain reaction
Slow neutrons
Biodiesel is a fuel made from a mixture of normal diesel fuel and oil from Corn Soybeans Canola Oil palms
Soybeans
Which one of the following statements describes what happens when countries pass through the fertility transition? The dependency ratio decreases and remains low The dependency ratio decreases and then increases The dependency ratio increases and then decreases The dependency ratio increases and remains high
The dependency ratio decreases and then increases
Which one of the following statements is true? The demographic transition has preceded the fertility transition The demographic transition has preceded the epidemiologic transition The fertility transition has preceded the epidemiologic transition The epidemiologic transition has preceded the fertility transition
The epidemiologic transition has preceded the fertility transition
The 1854 cholera outbreak near Broad street in London came to an end when Bottled water became available Treatment of the public water supply was initiated It became mandatory to boil water before drinking it The handle was removed from the Broad street pump
The handle was removed from the Broad street pump
Which one of the following reasons does not contribute to the fact that the cost of producing electricity at nuclear power plants is greater than the cost of producing electricity with fossil fuels? The lifetimes of nuclear power plants have turned out to be longer than expected There is no carbon tax Decommissioning a nuclear power plant is costly Many of the costs of fossil fuels are externalized
The lifetime of nuclear power plants have turned out to be longer than expected
The population profile of a hypothetical country is shown below. The vertical axis is age, and the lower and upper dashed lines correspond to ages of 15 and 65, respectively. The horizontal axis indicates the number of males (blue) and females (pink) in the population. This population profile indicates which one of the following The population is decreasing The population is stable The population is increasing Women live longer than men in this country
The population is decreasing
Which of the following reasons accounts for the fact that timber sales from national forests in the United States declined by about 80% during the 1990s? The biomass of the trees had seriously declined during previous decades because the trees had been harvested at a rate that was not sustainable The strategy of managing the forests changed: trees are now harvested at much longer time intervals Outbreaks of gypsy moths and tussock moths caused widespread defoliation of trees before an effective biological control was identified The forest service made no effort to extinguish fires started by lightning in national forests on the assumption that fires, although temporarily destructive, in the long run exerted a positive influence on the forests
The strategy of managing the forests changed: trees are now harvested at much longer time intervals
Carbon dioxide emissions by which one of the following countries have decreased since 2005? US China India Russia
US
Which of the following countries has the shortest life expectancy? UK US Japan Sweden
US
Which one of the following countries has the largest area of arable land? Brazil Russia China US
US