EPI Chapter 1-4

d. The rate of death from lung cancer in carpenters in 1968- 1979 was greater than would have been expected for a group of men of similar ages in all occupations

10. The following are standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for lung cancer in England: *Look at phone picture Based on these SMRs alone, it is possible to conclude that: a. The number of deaths from lung cancer in carpenters in 1949- 1960 was greater than the number of deaths from lung cancer in bricklayers during the same period b. The proportionate mortality from lung cancer in bricklayers in 1949- 1960 was greater than the proportionate mortality from lung cancer in the same occupational group in 1968- 1979 c. The age-adjusted rate of death from lung cancer in bricklayers was greater in 1949- 1960 than it was in 1968- 1979 d. The rate of death from lung cancer in carpenters in 1968- 1979 was greater than would have been expected for a group of men of similar ages in all occupations e. The proportionate mortality rate from lung cancer in carpenters in 1968- 1979 was 1.35 times greater than would have been expected for a group of men of similar ages in all occupations

e. Eliminate the effects of differences in the age distributions of populations in comparing death rates

3. Age-adjusted death rates are used to: a. Correct death rates for errors in the statement of age b. Determine the actual number of deaths that occurred in specific age groups in a population c. Correct death rates for missing age information d. Compare deaths in persons of the same age group e. Eliminate the effects of differences in the age distributions of populations in comparing death rates

b. Incorrect, because of failure to distinguish between prevalence and mortality

4. The mortality rate from disease X in city A is 75/ 100,000 in persons 65 to 69 years old. The mortality rate from the same disease in city B is 150/ 100,000 in persons 65 to 69 years old. The inference that disease X is two times more prevalent in persons 65 to 69 years old in city B than it is in persons 65 to 69 years old in city A is: a. Correct b. Incorrect, because of failure to distinguish between prevalence and mortality c. Incorrect, because of failure to adjust for differences in age distributions d. Incorrect, because of failure to distinguish between period and point prevalence

b. The case-fatality from this disease is greater in women

5. The incidence rate of a disease is five times greater in women than in men, but the prevalence rates show no sex difference. The best explanation is that: a. The crude all-cause mortality rate is greater in women b. The case-fatality from this disease is greater in women c. The case-fatality from this disease is lower in women d. The duration of this disease is shorter in men e. Risk factors for the disease are more common in women

a. Incidence rates and mortality rates will be similar

6. For a disease such as pancreatic cancer, which is highly fatal and of short duration: a. Incidence rates and mortality rates will be similar b. Mortality rates will be much higher than incidence rates c. Incidence rates will be much higher than mortality rates d. Incidence rates will be unrelated to mortality rates e. None of the above

2.5 or 250

7. In 1990, there were 4,500 deaths due to lung diseases in miners aged 20 to 64 years. The expected number of deaths in this occupational group, based on age-specific death rates from lung diseases in all males aged 20 to 64 years, was 1,800 during 1990. What was the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lung diseases in miners?

c. Disability-adjusted life-years

9. A program manager from an international health funding agency needs to identify regions that would benefit from an intervention aimed at reducing premature disability. The program manager asks a health care consultant to develop a proposal using an index that would help her make this decision. Which of the following would best serve this purpose? a. Case-fatality b. Crude mortality rate c. Disability-adjusted life-years d. Standardized mortality ratio

d. The conclusion reached may be incorrect because proportionate mortality was used when cause-specific mortality rates were needed

Annual Cancer Deaths in White Male Workers in Two Industries *look at phone picture Based on the preceding information, it was concluded that workers in industry B are at higher risk of death from respiratory system cancer than workers in industry A. (Assume that the age distributions of the workers in the two industries are nearly identical.) 8. Which of the following statements is true? a. The conclusion reached is correct b. The conclusion reached may be incorrect because proportionate mortality rates were used when age-specific mortality rates were needed c. The conclusion reached may be incorrect because there was no comparison group d. The conclusion reached may be incorrect because proportionate mortality was used when cause-specific mortality rates were needed e. None of the above

5/1000

In an Asian country with a population of 6 million people, 60,000 deaths occurred during the year ending December 31, 2010. These included 30,000 deaths from cholera in 100,000 people who were sick with cholera. 1. What was the cause-specific mortality rate from cholera in 2010?

30%

In an Asian country with a population of 6 million people, 60,000 deaths occurred during the year ending December 31, 2010. These included 30,000 deaths from cholera in 100,000 people who were sick with cholera. 2. What was the case-fatality from cholera in 2010?

11. 9.6/ 1,000 12. e. None of the above

Questions 11 and 12 are based on the information given below: Numbers of People and Deaths from Disease Z by Age Group in Communities X and Y *Look at phone pic Calculate the age-adjusted death rate for disease Z in communities X and Y by the direct method, using the total of both communities as the standard population. 11. The age-adjusted death rate from disease Z for community X is: 12. The proportionate mortality from disease Z for community Y is: ______ a. 9.6/ 1,000 b. 13.5/ 1,000 c. 20.0/ 1,000 d. 10.8/ 1,000 e. None of the above