ES 530 Exam 1

Research misconduct includes all the following except a)fabrication b)falsification c)honest errors d)plagiarism

honest errors

Another term that describes the unscientific method of tenacity is a)intuition b)superstition c)rationalization d)objectivity

superstition

A study comparing positive affect (good feelings) at three levels of intensity during cycling would need to consider which of the following when selecting participants? a)their fitness was sufficient to complete the highest intensity b)they were generally happy folks c)they had not completed a triathlon d)their status as a student or employee

their fitness was sufficient to complete the highest intensity

At the end of a well-written introduction, the reader should be able to predict the a)organization of the literature review b)purpose of the study c)statistical analysis d)measurement tools to be used

purpose of study

Which of the following is not a challenge to normal science? a)the myth of objectivity b)bias from editors and reviewers c)scientific method of problem solving d)new or alternate paradigms

scientific method of problem solving

____ is the key to controlling the outcomes from experimental and quasi-experimental research. a)Analysis b)Design c)Procedure d)Instruments

Design

Which of the following statements about dual publication is not true? Hint: read the definition of dual publication before answering (dual publication is a general term that refers to using data or text from one project in another). a)Dual publication is permissible if one journal reprints the article from another journal. b)Dual publication is permissible if two papers use the same database but deal with different perspectives (i.e., different research questions). c)Dual publication is permissible if the two journals are in different languages (e.g., published in different countries). d)Dual publication is permissible if two papers from the same database are published as a series.

Dual publication is permissible if the two journals are in different languages (e.g., published in different countries).

Which option below best describes inductive reasoning? a) Inductive reasoning starts with observations, which lead to hypotheses to form general explanations and eventually lead to the development of a theory b)Inductive reasoning starts with the hypothesis, which leads researchers to form theories and eventually lead to knowledge c)None of the answers are correct d)Inductive reasoning starts with the theory, which leads researchers to postulate to form hypotheses and eventually lead to comparisons with reality

Inductive reasoning starts with observations, which lead to hypotheses to form general explanations and eventually lead to the development of a theory

This question pertains to the following study: "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The researcher is proceeding on the belief that self-concept can be changed in a summer (three months). This is an example of a)a limitation b)an operational definition c)a basic assumption d)a research hypothesis

basic assumption

In the example in chapter 1 of the experiment that compared aerobic dance with jogging, what was the dependent variable? a)age of the participants b)number of exercise sessions per week c)bioelectrical impedance measured fat d)gender

bioelectrical impedance measured fat

When we say that research is empirical, we mean that the researcher a)collects data on which to base decisions b)solves the problems through rationalization c)controls all extraneous variables d)finds positive support for the research hypothesis

collects data on which to base decisions

Why is using literature from a journal with a high impact factor important? a) it is not important b)confidence in quality is greater c)relevance is higher d)there is less jargon

confidence in quality is greater

What is the independent variable? a)factor that could possibly influence the results and that is kept out of the study b)is the experimental, or treatment, variable; it is the cause c)is a kind of independent variable except that it cannot be manipulated d)is what is measured to assess the effects of the independent variable; it is the effect

is the experimental, or treatment, variable; it is the cause

A thesis was submitted with the title "A study comparing the achievement of sixth-grade students in Moscow, Idaho, instructed in health education through closed-circuit television and regular classroom procedure for a period of 16 weeks." This title a)fails to identify the broad area of research b)is likely to be indexed improperly c)is too long d)does not tell what the study has done

is too long

What is the dependent variable? a)factor that could possibly influence the results and that is kept out of the study b)is what is measured to assess the effects of the independent variable; it is the effect c)is the experimental, or treatment, variable; it is the cause d)is a kind of independent variable except that it cannot be manipulated

is what is measured to assess the effects of the independent variable; it is the effect

The purpose of the ____ section is to describe the participants, instruments, procedures, design, and analysis. a)abstract b)introduction c)methods d)statement of purpose

methods

Compared to applied research, basic research a)is of more immediate value to the practitioner b)is done in the "real world," such as the classroom c)usually offers more control, such as that done in a laboratory d)addresses questions that cannot be easily answer

usually offers more control, such as that done in a laboratory

Specific inclusion and exclusion requirements should be stated in the description of the participants. Studies often report the number of participants excluded and why they were excluded. Including this information a)makes the study replicable b)demonstrates lack of bias in your exclusion of participants c)ensures that the participants know why they were selected d)a and b

a and b

A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of yoga for 15 minutes during an exercise class to enhance balance in the elderly compared with classes that do not include yoga. The researcher expects the yoga-enhanced classes to show higher gains in balance. This expectation is a) the dependent variable b)the independent variable c)a paradigm d)a hypothesis

a hypothesis

Defining volleyball skill as a score on the AAHPERD Volleyball Test is a)an operational definition b)an experimental definition c)a constituted definition d)a dictionary definition

an operational definition

The introduction of a research article has ____ information. a)abstract b)background and justification c)purpose d)both b and c

both b and c

The significance of the study is difficult to write. Kroll (1971) suggested three factors to be considered. Which of the following is not a suggestion by Kroll to improve the significance section? a)contradictory findings of previous research b)gaps in knowledge c)demonstration of independence from the introduction d)contributions the study might make to practice

demonstration of independence from the introduction

In which part of a thesis are the findings compared to the hypotheses and previous research? a)introduction b)methods c)results d)discussion

discussion

You have found a short book that is perfect to explain training to the five students in your off-campus, on-line class for the city recreation department. If you copy this book and give it to your paying students for free, which of the four rules of fair use is the least of your problems (or violations)? a)purpose b)nature c)amount d)effect

effect

As a student you must be concerned about ethical issues. While you are not directly affected by the same forces as faculty, especially untenured faculty, you may have to make ethical decisions. For students, which of the following is primarily under their control and a likely pitfall? a)misleading authorship b)unacceptable publication practices c)fabrication and falsification of data d)malfunctioning equipment

fabrication and falsification of data

Chris is collecting data and realizes that the BOD POD is malfunctioning. The data is recorded and life goes on for Chris. Chris should have stopped, figured out what was wrong with the BOD POD, and once the malfunction was resolved, collected the data on this participant. By not stopping, Chris committed which type of misconduct? a)plagiarism b)nonpublication of data c)fabrication and falsification d)faulty data gathering

faulty data gathering

Which of these purposes is the first purpose to be accomplished by the literature review? a)developing the method b)developing the hypothesis c)developing the questions d)identifying the problem

identifying the problem

A research hypothesis a)is directly testable b)is nearly always the same as the null hypothesis c)depends on the statistical hypothesis d)predicts the technique used to analyze the data

is directly testable

Which of the following is the most important when critiquing a research paper? a)the abstract is the appropriate length b)the results are discussed in the discussion c)it makes a significant contribution to knowledge d)the results are aligned with the purpose

it makes a significant contribution to knowledge

Special language that is regularly used in a particular field but which may not be meaningful to people outside the field is called a)communication b)jargon c)concealment d)confutation

jargon

Which of the following is a primary source of information for a literature review? a)review paper b)journal article c)Web of Science d)textbook

journal article

What should be done to avoid plagiarism? a)learn to effectively paraphrase and then cite d)use only small sections of someone else's text c)use only direct quotes d)use citations, which give permission to use words or phrasing without quotation marks

learn to effectively paraphrase and then cite

A kind of independent variable that cannot be manipulated, such as age, race, or sex, is called a ___ variable. a)moderator or categorical b)control c)extraneous d)dependent

moderator or categorical

A journal's impact factor is influenced by a) length of the journal's articles b)age of the journal c)number of people reading the journal d)number of citations to the journal's articles

number of citations to the journal's articles

Good writing takes effort and typically more than one draft. Writing a good literature review is a challenge, but it is facilitated by one of the following: a)providing a historical account b)writing abstracts of studies c)organizing the outline around concepts d)using as many big words as possible

organizing the outline around concepts

People who are used as subjects in a study are called ____ in APA style. a)participants b)subjects c)people d)humans

participants

The term that denotes using ideas, writings, or drawings of others as your own is a)proselytizing b)misrepresentation c)confutation d)plagiarism

plagiarism

In which part of the methods section should you expect to find information about when the participants were tested? a)participants b)procedures c) instruments d)design and analysis

procedures

You plan to use the TGMD-2 (Test of Gross Motor Development published by Therapro). You have the test manual and three copies. Based on fair use and copyright, what should you do? a)photocopy as many copies as you need b)purchase enough copies from the publisher to have one for each participant c)make a hand-written copy for each participant d)pretend you did not know it is copyrighted material

purchase enough copies from the publisher to have one for each participant

Nonpublication of data means individual data points are eliminated. At the very least, a researcher should do which of the following to deal with problematic data? a)cook the data b)call bad data an outlier c)report data that was excluded and why d)trim the data

report data that was excluded and why

In the instruments part of the methods section, the author should include a description of the a)characteristics of the participants who were measured b)statistics that were applied to the measurements c)experimental treatments under which the measurements were taken d)test characteristics of validity and reliability

test characteristics of validity and reliability

A good beginning point in a literature search for the student with a very limited knowledge about a topic is a)Psychological Abstracts b)textbooks and literature reviews c)Dissertation Abstracts International d)current issues of several research journals in the area

textbooks and literature reviews

Cohen provided two principles to guide research: less is more and simple is better. Which of these is an example of those principles? a)number of participants in the study b)complex studies of physical activity c)the number of independent and dependent variables d)using technical terms and jargon

the number of independent and dependent variables

According to the American Psychological Association, when a graduate student submits her thesis or dissertation for publication jointly with the major professor, the first author should be a)the student b)the major professor c)the one who developed the idea for the study d)whoever submits the study for publication

the student