Ethics Ch 4, 8, 10
duration
one of the seven "marks" in Jeremy Bentham hedonic calculus, referring to the length of time that that a pleasurable experience continues.
Epicureanism
the ethical view of Epicurus and his disciples that mental happiness or the absence of pain is the goal in living, far surpassing physical pleasure in value.
consequentialism
the ethical view that the result or outcome of actions is most important in judging their value
Universalistic Hedonism
the hedonistic view that pleasure or happiness should be sought not just for oneself but for humankind. The individual agent is to count for one and only one in the moral equation
aristotelianism
the philosophic position advocated by Aristotle. In ethics, Aristotle emphasized using our function of reason to choose moderate actions that are then virtuous
Kanianism
the philosophic position advocated by Immanuel Kant, in ethics Kant stressed our obligation to act in accordance with universal principles
Aurea mediocritas (golden mean)
the so called golden mean of Aristotle ethics. whereby virtue consists in acting and feeling neither too much nor too little but just the right amount in all circumstances.
Hedonistic calculus
the system devised by Jeremy Bentham to measure scientifically the number of hedons to be derived from any given action
Act Deontologism
the theory that we should choose those actions that are right in themselves
Act utilitarianism
the theory that we should choose those actions that will produce the greatest good or happiness for the greatest number of people
Rule Utilitarianism
the theory that we should choose those rules that would promote the greatest good for the majority
ethical hedonism
the ethical theory that happiness or pleasure, for the individual or society, is the aim of life.
Principle of Utility
In utilitarianism, the moral principle that we should seek the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people.
Calculus of pleasures
Hedonistic calculus
extent
One of Jeremy Bentham's seven marks in his hedonistic calculus referring to the number of people to whom an act extends
Good
That which is postulated as the ideal goal, end, aim, or purpose to human existence.
Utilitarian Theory of Justice
The doctrine that justice consists in giving people what they need, not what they deserve Punishment therefore should be forward-looking,, designed to improve the individual, deter potential wrongdoers, and protect society
Retributive Theory of Justice
The doctrine that justice should be meted out according to people's deserts, not their needs, that a system of proportionality should operate whereby rewards or punishment are commensurate with the individuals praiseworthiness or blameworthiness.
Hedonism
The ethical theory that pleasure or happiness alone is the only intrinsic good, and unpleasant consciousness the only intrinsic evil. Pleasure is therefore the goal in life, and pain should be avoided.
Utilitarianism
The form of universalistic hedonism that seeks the greatest happiness for the greatest number
Rule Deontologist
The theory that we should choose those moral principles that are right in themselves
Psychological Hedonism
The view that everyone pursues his or her own pleasure in life; sometimes referred to as the pleasure principle.
Hedon
a pleasure unit in Jeremy Benthams hedonistic calculus
individualistic hedonism
a variety of ethical hedonism which recommends that each individual should pursue his or her own pleasure
Cyrenaic
an ethical view, originating in Cyrene in ancient Greece, that pleasure alone should be sought.
arete
excellence or virtue. in Aristotle's system, the arete of our function of rationality would be to reason well, choosing appropriate means and ends
categorical imperative
immanuel Kant;s formulation of the unconditional moral rule, usually expressed as only acting on those principles that we could endorse as universal law
Right
morally correct conduct, actions, or behavior
deontological theory
the ethical position that actions are inherently right or wrong
formalism (deontological theory)
the ethical position that actions are inherently right or wrong
eudaimonia
vital well-being or happiness, which for Aristotle consists in using the unique function of reason to choose the mean between extremes and to engage in contemplation
