Ethics/Moral Theory

According to hedonism,

happiness (understood as pleasure and avoiding pain) is the highest good

"Slavery essentially involves treating a person as property, and treating a person as property means using their happiness to promote your own. Thus, slavery is always wrong."

Always treat other persons as ends in themselves and never merely as a means to your own ends.

"In the Trolley Problem 2 case ('Fat Man'), pushing the large man on the track to stop the train is to will the evil effect (killing the large man) as a means to the intended end (saving the five persons). Thus, a person pushing the large man onto the track would be acting impermissibly." What moral principle does the above argument use to support its conclusion?

Double-Effect

Ethics is the study of how to make other people behave better.

FALSE

If Deontology is a true moral theory, then Virtue theory must be false.

TRUE

What second-order metaphysical question needs be answered in order to connect murder to the moral permissibility of elective abortion?

What is a person?

Jeremy Bentham, who was an important influence of J. S. Mill, thought that

a children's game like push-pin (or any other common activity) is as good as poetry (or any high culture activity), provided the quantity of pleasure is the same.

The normative universe is populated by

every sort of duty, right, obligation and permissibility, moral and otherwise

Utilitarianism is an agent-neutral moral theory, which means that

everyone has the same duties and aims, no matter what their personal interests or interpersonal relationships.

The case of Private Ross McGinnis is offered as support for the claim that

psychological egoism is false. genuine altruism is possible. people can act so that the benefits they receive are less than the value of their action for others. jumping on grenades is unhealthy.