Evolution 16.3 and 16.4

_____________ refers t any structural, function, or behavioral characteristics of an organism that helps it better survive in its environment

Adaptation

They differ in the form and function, but are constructed from __________________

Basic bones

Natural selection- explains how overtime , species become __________ to their environment as they reside to selection pressures

Better suited

____________ is the study of where organisms live now and where they are their ancestors lived in the past.

Biogeography

Another example similar ones and forelimbs f a wi b of a bat, wing of a bird, flipper of a whale, foreleg of a horse, and the arm of a human. There are similar bone structures, so the forelimbs of all these species are thought to have developed from a _______________

Common ancestor forelimb(common ancestory)

He also proposed that living species are descended, with modification, from __________________—an idea called ___________________________________________.

Common ancestors, descent with modifications

__________ night growth rates and a shortage of life's basic needs (water, food, space) would eventually force organisms to compete for resources

Competition

Example of natural selection is

Different types of finch beaks

_________ describes how well an organisms can survive and reproduce in its environment. Fitness results from ________

Fitness, adaptation

Darwin proposed that animals with similar structures evolved from a common ancestor with basic version of that structure

For example, the front limbs of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals contain the same basic bones

For evidence of descent with modifications over long period of time, Darwin pointed to the _________

Fossil record

fossil record

Fossils formed in different layers of rock with evidence of gradual change overtime

Which statement is an agreement with Darwin's theory of evolution?

More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.

Two processes that result in variations that commonplace influence the evolution sexually reproducing species are ___________ and ____________

Mutations and genetic recombination

Variation so within a species are most likely the result f

Mutations and reproduction

The diversity within the wild bird species in the accommodation diagram can best be explain ed by which process

Natural selection

Individual s with characteristics that are__________to their environment either die without reproducing or leave few offspring and are said to have low fitness

Not well-suited

In an environment that undergoes frequent change, species that reproduce sexually may have an advantage over species that reproduce asexually because the sexually reproducing specimens produce

Offspring with more variety

Geographic Distribution of Living Things

On different islands of the Galapagos islands, finches were different, but still has similarities to those on the mainlaind.

Which statement is most closely relates t the modern theory of evolution?

Organisms best adapted to a changed environment are more likely to reproduce and pass their genes to,offspring

_____________ a species has the potential to produce more offspring than can possibly survive. Example: a maple tree releases hundreds of seeds in a single season

Overproduction

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals who survive are most likely the ones best adapted to exist in their environment. Their survival s due to the

Possession of variables that maximize fitness

___________. Since the surviving "________" organisms will be the only members of a species left to reproach, their favorable traits will be passed on to the next generations

Reproduction, "fit"

fossils are usually found in _______________ rock-the oldest layer of rock is at the _________

Sedimentary rock, bottom

According to the three of natural selection p, why are some individuals more likely than others to survive and reproduction?

Some individuals are better adapted to exercise in their environments than others are.

A __________ occurs when the members of each species compete for food, water, living space, and other needs.

Struggle for existence

The diagram below shows the effect of spraying a pesticide on a population of insects over three generations. Which conceptually is represented in the diagram?

Survival of the fittest

This difference in rates of survival and reproduction is called _____________. In evolutionary terms, survival means reproducing and passing adaptations on to the next generation

Survival of the fittest

A weakness in Darwin's original theory of evolution was the

The genetic basis for variants was not explained

The teeth of carnivores are pointed and are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. The teeth of herbivores are flat and are good for grinding and chewing. Which statement best explains these observations?

The two types were f teeth most likely evolved as a result of natural selection

Which statement about the individuals within a population that survive to reproductive age is consistent with Darwin's theory of natural selection?

They are the ones best adapted to exist in their environments

Darwins theory of evolutionary is based on

Variation and natural selection

Variation

Variation within a species is important ti the survival of that species, especially when conditions are not favorable. Species A has the best chance of surviving because it has the most genes diversity. Genetic diversity provides for the chance that a trait might help an organism adapt and survive a change in its environment.

___________ Darwin was very familiar with the wide range of individual variable amount members of a species. He observed and noted this variation, although he could not explain its genetic basis. ** The main weakness of Darwin's was his _______ to explain the _________he observed

Variation, inability, and sources of variation

______________ are inherited from ancestors, but have lost much or all of their original function due to differences selection pressures acting on the descendants

Vestigial Structures

Indicates with adaptations that are _________ to their environment can survive and reproduce most successfully and are said to have high-fitness

Well-suited

The special characteristics that make an organism particularly well suited to its environment are known as

adaptations

A large factor in the struggle for existence is how well ___________ the organism is in the environment.

adapted

Similar patterns of embryological development provide further evidence that organisms have descended from a

common ancestor

All birds __________

descended with modification

Structures that are shared by related species and that have been inherited from a common ancestor are called

homologous body structures

The modern theory of evolution states that a basis for variation within a species is provided by

mutations

He proposed a theory based on the presence of variations among members of a species and their interaction with a process he called _________________________

natural selection

____________ depends on the ability of organisms to reproduce and leave descendants. Every organism alive today is descended from parents who survived and reproduced

natural selection

____________ is the process by which organisms with variations most suited to their local environment survive and leave more offspring

natural selection

___________ defines difference among individuals as a species

natural variation

Evidence that best supports the theory of biological evolution was obtained from the

study of fossil records

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have

variations best suited to the environment

The natural environments "________" the varieties that will survive and those that will perish

"Selects.