evolution final

Eusociality is considered to be the epitome of altruism and can best be observed in

social insects like ants and bees

When an actor behaves in away that is costly to its self and this behavior is also costly to the recipient this is an example of:

spite

One of the parts of evolution is microevolution. Microevolution occurs when:

organisms change through time- like chickens bred for silky feathers

We examined behavioral thermoregulation for C. elegans. When given a range of temperatures in the lab, it was noted that these small worms chose temperatures between 10 C and 26 C, with most preferring 20 C. Based on this information we would expect the lifetime reproductive success for this species to be highest at:

20c

We discussed the results from the experiment on arrowhead coloration on flowers. What would our conclusions be if we determined that coloring in most of the arrowheads resulted in no change in fitness?

Arrowheads are not an adaptation

Which of the following best describes Darwin's concept of Evolution?

Descent with modification

The Inclusive Fitness Model (Br - C > 0) examines how the relatedness of individuals (r) can affect the costs (C) and benefits (B) of a behavior and can be used to determine when altruistic behavior will increase. This model is also referred to as:

Hamilton's Rule

Do a shark and a whale show homology?

No they do not share a common ancestor

In a species of flower, petal color is controlled by 1 allele. If FF gives a red flower, ff gives a white flower and Ff gives a pink flower what can we conclude?

There is codominance for the F locus

What is Simpson's Paradox in relation to multilevel selection?

This explains why there can be different trends at the group level and the population level.

What is a vestigial structure?

a rudimentary version of a body part that has an important function in other closely related species

An adaptation is:

a trait that increases the fitness of an individual relative to individuals without the trait.

Natural selection results in:

an increase in the traits that enhance survival

Research examining if the color of feather lice is an adaptation was conducted using observational methods. Examining closely related pairs of body lice from dark-colored birds and light-colored birds is an example of the

comparative method

A low value for heritability for a given trait suggests that the variation in the trait is mostly due to:

environmental differences

Succession in macroevolution is used to explain why:

fossils and extant organisms in the same locale appear similar

A high value for heritability for a given trait suggests that the variation in the trait is mostly due to:

genetic differences

In order to determine if wing-waving in tephritid flies was an adaptation the researchers used multiple control groups including:

house flies with unmarked wings

We examined the relationship among a group of herbivorous beetle species and their host plants. It was noted that some species were able to shift host plants, but others did not. It was determined that this pattern was due to

lack of genetic variation within the beetle species making most shifts genetically impossible.

Male Mosquitofish with long gonopodia are preferred by female Mosquitofish, but male Mosquitofish with long gonopodia are also targeted by predators. This results is male Mosquitofish with:

medium-sized gonopodia because evolution has to compromise between these 2 factors

How does natural selection relate to evolution?

natural selection is the process that results in evolution

Kin selection is defined as

natural selection that leads to the spreading of alleles that increase indirect fitness

One of the parts of evolution is macroevolution. Macroevolution occurs when:

new life forms from old- like when dinosaurs diverged into birds

Pseudogenes can be an important tool in investing ancestry among groups. Pseudogenes are best described as:

nonfunctional copies of genes

We observed that Daphnia changed their behavior in environments with fish. This behavioral change is best described as an example of:

phenotypic plasticity

In a social interaction if the actor benefits from the interaction and the recipient is negatively affected this is called

selfishness

In the Snapdragon experiment pollinator preference was examined for a possible link to flower color. The researchers found that the white flowers had more pollinator visits than the yellow flowers and produced slightly more seeds. Based on these findings we can conclude:

that there will be more white flowers in this population in the next generation

As an example of the necessity to test all hypotheses, we discussed research that examined the relationship between oxpeckers and cattle. This research concluded:

that this is not an example of mutualism- the oxpeckers are vampires that eat ear wax.

The Geologic Time Scale is:

the chronological dating of the Earth's history

If 2 traits, like bird beak depth and width, are genetically linked, then:

the expected responses to selection can be altered

Ring speciation occurs when:

there is a series of neighboring populations that interbreed, but the "ends" of the ring can not

A high fixation index value suggests:

there is inbreeding in the population

If a population is experiencing genetic drift, what generally happens to the heterozygotes:

they decrease in number

Exaptation is

traits used in a novel way, like carnivorous plants

What is genetic drift?

when there is a change in allele frequency due to random chance

Evolution acts:

with no goal

Natural selection acts:

with no goal