Evolve - Complications of Cancer

The nurse is assigned to care for a patient with osteosarcoma of the right leg. The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) reports that the patient's vital signs are normal, but the patient says there is still pain in the leg and it is getting worse. What assessment question should the nurse ask the patient to determine treatment measures for this patient's pain? Multiple choice question

"What does the pain feel like?"

A patient with cancer has dysgeusia and tells the student nurse, "I don't want to eat. Everything tastes bitter." Which advice given by the student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

"You should increase spices and seasoning in your food."

Which instructions should the nurse give to a patient with a radiation skin care reaction? Multiple selection question

"Avoid swimming in saltwater." "Avoid wearing tight-fitting clothing over the treatment field." "Use an electric razor if you have to shave the treatment field."

A patient with breast cancer experiences a 3-kilogram weight loss over the course of a week. The nurse is evaluating the patient after teaching necessary interventions to reduce the risk of malnutrition. Which statement made by the patient indicates effective learning? Multiple selection question

"I can use packages of instant breakfast." "I can add cheese to sandwiches or snacks." "I can supplement puddings and cereals with Ensure."

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports of a patient diagnosed with cancer and finds that the patient has neutropenia. On examination, the nurse finds that the patient has a body temperature of 100.4° F (38° C). What is the priority nursing intervention in this situation?

Notifying the primary health care provider

Which interventions will the nursing management of a patient with leukopenia include? Multiple selection question

Teaching the patient to avoid large crowds Monitoring the patient's white blood cell count Teaching the patient to report any temperature elevation

What does the letter "A" represent in the acronym "CAUTION," which describes the seven warning signs of cancer?

A sore that does not heal

What is an oncogene?

A tumor-inducing gene

The nurse is caring for a patient who had surgery one day ago for removal of a suspected malignant breast mass. While awaiting the pathology report, the patient states, "I am afraid to die." Which of these is the most effective nursing intervention at this time?

Actively listen and allow her to talk about her fears

A patient with metastatic bone cancer has a low albumin level. Which complication would be difficult to diagnose in the patient?

Hypercalcemia

A patient is experiencing poorly controlled nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy administration. Which outcome may develop for which the nurse should be prepared to intervene?

Anticipatory nausea and vomiting

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with cancer that is experiencing pain. Which is the most important parameter the nurse should use to develop an effective pain management plan for this patient? Multiple choice question

Assessing the type of pain

A patient with cancer is receiving massive doses of chemotherapeutic agents. The nurse reviews the patient's laboratory results to assess for which findings that suggest the development of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)?

Hyperuricemia Hyperphosphatemia

While assessing a patient with breast cancer, the nurse finds that the patient has a fluid shift from the vascular space to the interstitial space. Which symptoms does the nurse associate with the patient's condition?

Hypovolemia Decreased urine output Low central venous pressure

What does the term "malignant" describe when referring to the anatomic classification of a tumor?

Behavior

The nurse is caring for a patient who has terminal cancer. Which interventions by the nurse would facilitate effective coping?

Being available 24 hours for the patient and the patient's family Touching the patient's arm while talking about the patient's experience Being open and realistic about the treatment and survival with the patient

Which cells have the most rapid rate of proliferation? Multiple choice question

Bone marrow stem cells

A patient with a malignant neck tumor has developed distant heart sounds, shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and dysphagia. What does the nurse suspect is occurring with the patient?

Cardiac tamponade

Which methods of treatment are most appropriate for treating cancer?

Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Hormone therapy

What classification system is based on the anatomic extent of the malignant disease in stages?

Clinical staging

Which surgical interventions are often used for palliative care? Multiple selection question

Colostomy Laminectomy Insertion of a feeding tube

Which goal of a cancer treatment plan focuses on cancers that cannot be eradicated but are responsive to anticancer therapies?

Control

Which are treatment goals of cancer?

Cure Control Palliation

A patient with a large tumor in the chest is undergoing aggressive chemotherapy and is at risk of renal failure. The primary health care provider has prescribed allopurinol for the patient. Which change would the nurse expect in the patient after treatment? Multiple choice question

Decrease in uric acid levels

Which type of kidney damage is due to the adverse effects of chemotherapy? Multiple choice question

Delayed effect

The nurse is preparing a diet plan for a patient with cancer who has malnutrition. Which type of food would be most beneficial to the patient?

Deviled egg with vegetable salad

After assessing a geriatric patient with bone cancer, the nurse finds that the patient has hypercalcemia and is on hydration therapy. Which other medication would the nurse prepare to administer to prevent cardiac complications?

Diuretics

After reviewing the prescription order of a patient, the nurse tells the patient, "You will need to increase your intake of fiber and fluids because you are at a risk for constipation." Which medication does the nurse find in the patient's prescription? Multiple choice question

Fentanyl

Which is included in the diagnostic plan for a patient who is suspected of having cancer? Multiple choice question

Identification of risk factors

The nurse is assessing a patient with prostate cancer and spinal cord compression. Upon further assessment, the nurse anticipates that the patient has autonomic dysfunction. Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion?

Impaired bladder function

A patient with renal cancer has tumor lysis syndrome. The primary health care provider has prescribed hydration therapy to the patient. Which outcome would the nurse expect in the patient after treatment?

Increased urine output

Which of the following are characteristics of a malignant neoplasm? Multiple selection question

Infiltrative growth Moderate vascularity Abnormal cell characteristics

Which is the most common route for administration of chemotherapy? Multiple choice question

Intravenous

A patient with cancer is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and is now experiencing a seizure. Which treatment is most beneficial for the patient to correct the electrolyte imbalance that precipitated the seizure?

Intravenous 3% sodium chloride

The patient with cancer is scheduled to have epidural analgesia. What should the nurse educate the patient regarding the administration of this medication? Multiple choice question

It will minimize the use of opioid drugs.

The nurse is educating a patient about cancer prevention and early detection. Which instructions should the nurse include in the discussion?

Limit alcohol consumption. Get regular physical examinations. Obtain adequate rest (6-8 hours a night). Know the seven warning signs of cancer.

The nurse is caring for a patient with cancer and is monitoring the albumin and prealbumin levels frequently. What condition does the nurse suspect the patient is at risk for? Multiple choice question

Malnutrition

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports of a patient with cancer and anticipates that the patient is at an increased risk for infection. Which finding supports this conclusion? Multiple choice question

Neutropenia

What is the anatomic classification of a malignant bone tumor?

Osteosarcoma

A patient is diagnosed with constriction of the pericardium by a tumor. Which treatment plan would be beneficial to the patient?

Oxygen therapy Vasopressor therapy Indwelling pericardial catheter

The nurse is interacting with the caregivers of different patients who are diagnosed with cancer. Which patient does the nurse expect to take less time to cope with cancer?

Patient A

The nurse is reviewing the medical records of different patients. Which patient does the nurse expect to require a change in treatment?

Patient B

A patient is advised to have radiotherapy for ovarian cancer. Applying radiation to which body areas or regions may increase the patient's risk of developing myelosuppression? Multiple selection question

Pelvis Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae

The nurse reviews laboratory reports of a patient with kidney tumor and finds that the patient's serum calcium levels are 12 mg/dL. Which symptoms would the nurse find in the patient?

Polyuria Nocturia Anorexia Muscle weakness

Which stage in the development of cancer is characterized by the reversible proliferation of the altered cells?

Promotion

A patient with lung cancer has persistent back pain, tender vertebrae, autonomic dysfunction, and sensory paresthesia. What first line of treatment will the nurse prepare the patient for?

Radiation therapy in conjunction with corticosteroids

Which type of radiation therapy involves the oral administration of radioactive sources?

Radiopharmaceutical

A patient with cancer has third spacing and is on plasma protein replacement therapy. During the treatment, the nurse observes increased central venous pressure and shortness of breath. Which intervention would provide effective treatment?

Reducing rate of fluid administration

The nurse is caring for a cancer patient and finds that the patient has tumor lysis syndrome. Which other condition should the nurse monitor for?

Renal failure

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with superior vena cava syndrome. What clinical manifestations does the nurse assess for?

Seizures Periorbital edema Reports of headache Distention of veins of head, neck, chest

Which does a grade III histologic classification of a cell indicate?

Severe dysplasia

A nurse is caring for a patient with metastatic breast cancer. The nurse finds that the patient has developed facial and periorbital edema, and has distention of veins of the face, neck, and chest. What condition do these findings indicate to the nurse? Multiple choice question

Superior vena cava syndrome

The laboratory reports of a patient who is undergoing aggressive chemotherapy for cancer show increased DNA and RNA components in the blood. What does the nurse interpret from this finding?

The patient has tumor lysis syndrome.

Which description below best describes the pyramid effect of cancer cells?

The production of more than two cells during mitosis

Which is the only definitive means of diagnosing cancer?

Tissue biopsy

A nurse is caring for an older adult patient with multiple myeloma that develops hypercalcemia and is prescribed hydration and diuretics. What does the nurse explain to the patient is the reason for this therapy?

To prevent heart failure or edema

Melanomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and basal cell carcinomas are associated with which type of carcinogen?

Ultraviolet radiation

Which type of chemotherapy drug will cause severe local tissue breakdown and necrosis if inadvertently infiltrated into the skin? Multiple choice question

Vesicant

A patient has peripheral neuropathy since taking chemotherapy. What medication does the nurse anticipate educating the patient regarding?

gabapentin