Evolve

Which should the nurse teach to a preschool-age client to avoid the risk of altered growth and development?

Impulse control

During the course of treatment a toddler is to receive an intramuscular injection. What is the priority nursing intervention that should be included in the plan of care to comfort the child?

Involving the parents in comforting the toddler after the injection

The parent of a 2-year-old child with just-diagnosed cystic fibrosis expresses concern about the child's frailty and low weight. What is the most appropriate reply by the nurse?

"Digestive enzymes will be given to help your child digest food."

Which type of play should the nurse encourage when providing age-appropriate care to a preschool-age child who is hospitalized?

Associative

A nurse educates a parent about Erikson's theory of child development. At what age would the nurse advise the parent to begin instilling a sense of trust in his or her child?

Birth to 1 year

The nurse finds that a child has developed the qualities of independence, self-control, and self-governance. Which type of development does the nurse anticipate in the toddler?

Psychosocial development

What is the correct order of the different stages in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operations Formal operations

Which period of Piaget's theory describes the idea of object permanence?

Sensorimotor period

What of these stages should the nurse include when explaining Piaget's theory of child development to a parent? Select all that apply.

Sensorimotor stage Formal operations stage

After assessing a 4-day-old newborn, the nurse anticipates that the newborn has impaired vision. Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion?

The newborn has no corneal reflex after a light touch.

The nurse is giving unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) strategies to care for a 2-year-old child admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea. Which strategies should the nurse provide?

Weighing the child at the same time every day

Which growth and developmental assessments should the nurse include when conducting a health maintenance visit for a 15-month-old toddler? Select all that apply.

Weight Head circumference

A parent of a school-age child reports to the nurse that the child wets the bed at night. Upon interaction with the child, the nurse learns that the child is afraid of the dark. What does the nurse recommend to the parent? Select all that apply.

"Allow your child to keep a light on in the bedroom at night." "Encourage your child to use the toilet before going to bed."

The nurse is giving nutritional counseling to the parents of an 8-month-old infant. Which statement does the nurse include in the counseling?

"Avoid peanuts and eggs in your baby's diet."

The parents inform the nurse that their school-age child frequently plays in hazardous places. However, the parents find it difficult to restrain the child from engaging in such activities. Which instruction is a priority in this case?

"Ensure the child has eye, ear, or mouth protection."

The mother of a 2-year-old toddler tells the nurse that her child is frequently constipated. The nurse asks the mother how she handles the child's toileting. Which response indicates to the nurse that the mother requires further education?

"I schedule my child's toileting for before each meal."

Which thought in an individual corresponds to the society maintaining orientation stage?

"I should avoid parties where alcohol is served."

What thought is common in an individual during the social contract orientation stage?

"I should work to change a law to better society."

The nurse is teaching growth and development activities to the parents of a 3-month-old infant. Which statements does the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

"Your child should be able to coo, babble, and chuckle." "Your child should be able to pull at blankets or clothes." "Your child's head can come up to a 45- to 90-degree angle from the table."

Which teaching points regarding fine motor skills should the nurse include during the health maintenance visit for a 30-month-old toddler-age client? Select all that apply.

"Your child should be able to draw circles." "Your child should have good hand-eye coordination." "Your child should be able to build a tower using eight blocks."

What is the correct order of the different stages in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

1.Sensorimotor 2.Preoperational 3.Concrete operations 4.Formal operations

While performing the physical assessment of an infant, the nurse notices the infant has developed a color preference for red and yellow. What is most likely to be the age of the infant?

20 weeks

By which age do children develop binocularity?

3 to 4 months

The nurse is learning about the shift in total body fluid that occurs from infancy to adulthood. What percentage of body weight is the weight of extracellular fluid (ECF) in an infant at term?

44%

Which statement describes the latency stage of Freud's psychoanalytic model of personality development?

A 6-year-old female

Which terms are appropriate for the nurse to use when documenting shaken baby syndrome in the medical record for a toddler-age client? Select all that apply.

Abusive head trauma Neuroinflicted brain injury Inflicted traumatic head injury

Which treatment should the nurse prepare to administer when providing care to a toddler-age client who presents after an accidental overdose of aspirin?

Activated charcoal

The parents of a 2-year-old child who is being admitted to the hospital tell the nurse that their child is accustomed to sleeping with a favorite blanket. What should the nurse do, knowing that the blanket is worn and dirty?

Allow the parents to give it to the child.

What is true about the instrumental relativist orientation stage?

An individual recognizes that there is more than one correct point of view.

The nurse is preparing to assess a preschool-age child who states, "This is Bella, my bear. People tell me that they can't hear Bella talking, but that hurts her feelings and makes her cry." When documenting this interaction in the child's medical record, which term should the nurse use?

Animism

While playing with a toy car, a toddler accidentally hits the wall and falls down. The toddler then gets angry at the wall for making him fall. Which characteristic of preoperational thought does this behavior indicate?

Animism

A nurse is providing preoperative teaching to the parents of a toddler who is to undergo myringotomy. The nurse explains that the type of infection most common in children that are prone to otitis media is what?

Bacterial

Which auditory test is appropriate for infants?

Behavioral audiometry

How does an adolescent establish group identity during psychosocial development?

By building close peer relationships to achieve acceptance in the society

How do adolescents establish health identity during psychosocial development?

By evaluating their own health with feelings of well-being

Which finding indicates that a newborn has vernix caseosa?

Cheese-like substance on the skin

According to the Piaget's theory, which behavior does a nine-year-old child show?

Concrete thinking

According to Freud, which must occur before an individual is able to have a mature adult sexual relationship?

Conflict resolution

Which growth characteristics does the nurse anticipate for a 16-year-old female client? Select all that apply.

Decreasing rate of growth Reaching ninety-five percent of adult height Having well advanced secondary sexual characteristics

A 21-year-old male client sustains a spinal injury at the level of T5. Which developmental task will be most difficult for this client to achieve?

Developing meaningful relationships

What considerations should be included in caring for an infant who is failing to thrive (FTT)?Select all that apply

Dietary history Signs of malnutrition Familial stress factors Parent and infant interaction Sustained growth under 5th percentile

Which assessment data would cause the nurse to initiate treatment for a potential aspirin overdose for a toddler-age child who presents in the emergency department (ED)? Select all that apply.

Emesis Nausea Tinnitus

Which psychosocial change does a 2-year-old child exhibit?

Engages in temper tantrums

A nurse reviews the diet with the parents of a toddler with recently diagnosed celiac disease. What foods selected by the parents indicate that further teaching is needed?

Frankfurters and baked beans

Which action should the nurse recommend to the parents of a toddler-age client who has a difficult temperament when disciplining the child? Select all that apply.

Implementing a time-out with the child Using physical containment with the child

At which stage of development should the nurse anticipate that pediatric clients will begin to show differences in play activities that are related to gender?

Late school-age

Which form of discipline should the nurse recommend for the parents of a toddler-age client who has an easy temperament?

Making sustained eye contact

The mother of a 3-year-old child with rubeola states that she once heard that it was called by another name. The nurse tells the mother that rubeola commonly is known as what?

Measles

Which should the nurse include in the plan of care for a toddler-age client who follows a vegetarian or vegan diet?

Monitoring for hemoglobin and hematocrit

A child watches an older sibling playing with a ball, but makes no effort to participate in the play. What social character of play is the child exhibiting?

Onlooker play

Which period of Piaget's theory explains animism in a child?

Period II

Which fine motor skill should be seen in a 10-month-old infant?

Picking up finger foods

What action should the nurse take when using pulse oximetry to determine a toddler's oxygen saturation?

Placing the sensor probe on the finger

The nurse accompanies a 3-year-old child to the playroom. The toddler seems afraid to select a toy or activity. What age-appropriate play materials should the nurse offer? Select all that apply.

Plastic tea set Mold and clay Play telephone Simple electronic games

Which is a common attribute that the nurse assesses in an "easy" child?

Predictable habits

Which tasks related to dressing should the nurse expect the 2-year-old child to accomplish? Select all that apply.

Putting on socks Pulling shoes off Extending the arm to place clothing

According to Erikson, what should the nurse anticipate when assessing an adolescent?

Questioning sexual identity

Which stage of Piaget's theory of growth and development does an infant develops an action pattern to deal with the environment?

Sensorimotor

Which stage is a part of postconventional reasoning?

Social contract orientation

Which should the nurse encourage for the adolescent client diagnosed with a chronic illness to achieve independence from family?

Socializing with peers

A 14-month-old toddler is able to recognize the shapes of objects and fit smaller boxes into larger boxes. Which type of cognitive development does this action indicate?

Spatial relationship

What should the nurse suggest when parents ask what to do about their preschooler's stuttering?

Speak clearly and do not complete the child's sentences.

What developmental skills does a preschooler exhibit? Select all that apply.

Specific reasoning Increased curiosity Magical thinking

In which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development does the nurse anticipate a client who wants to maintain expectations with his or her immediate group?

Stage 3

Which stage describes the Oedipus complex, according to Freud's theory

Stage 3

A preschooler who is recently admitted to a school shows aggressive behavior towards his or her teacher. The child resists playing and interacting with other children. What is the temperament of the child according to Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas's longitudinal study?

The difficult child

The nurse is assessing a newborn and anticipates that the newborn has renal impairment. Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion?

The newborn first voids after 76 hours.

A nurse is caring for an 18-month-old toddler. What findings is the nurse likely to notice?

The toddler can hold urine for a period of 1 to 2 hours.

The parents of a 2½-year-old child whose older sibling recently died tell a nurse in the pediatric well-child clinic that their child has started to hit them and refuses to go to bed at night. What is the best explanation the nurse can give for this behavior?

This is an appropriate reaction to anxiety within the household.

The nurse is providing care to a 6-week-old infant who is hospitalized for poor growth. The infant is currently being breastfed and is diagnosed with failure to thrive (FTT). Which is the priority nursing assessment for this infant?

Uncoordinated suck and swallow

Which is the most appropriate toy for a nurse to offer a 2½-year-old child?

Wooden puzzle with large pieces

Which age should the nurse teach the parents of a school-age client to expect mandibular second molars to erupt?

11 to 13 years

Which statement should the nurse make when providing information to the parent of a toddler-age client who calls the pediatric clinic after dropping a mercury thermometer at home?

"Clean up the spill using paper towels and disposable gloves."

The parents tell the nurse that their preschooler often awakes from sleep screaming in the middle of the night. The preschooler is not easily comforted and screams if the parents try to restrain the child. What does the nurse instruct the parents?

"Intervene only if necessary to protect the child from injury."

A nurse is educating the parents of a preschooler about the importance of play in the development of their child. Which statements should the nurse include for adequate teaching? Select all that apply.

"Playing helps the child to socialize with others." "Pretend play allows children to learn to understand others." "Playing helps the child to release frustration.

A mother asks why her 2-year-old toddler's cleft palate was not repaired at the same time that the cleft lip was repaired. What is the best response by the nurse?

"The palate usually is repaired before a child starts to speak. Some surgeons prefer to wait up to 2 years."

A child has been diagnosed with hemophilia type A after experiencing excessive bleeding from a minor trauma. The mother states that the toddler being seen for the trauma is very active and is difficult, constantly saying no. What would be an appropriate response?

"Toddlers are curious, trying to make decisions and be independent."

A nursing instructor asks a nursing student about developmental changes in toddlers. Which statement by the student indicates the need for further teaching?

"Toddlers have anteroposterior curves of the spine."

A mother complains that her three year old still performs thumb sucking. What should the nurse suggest to the mother? Select all that apply.

"Try to engage child in more play activities." "Try to identify if the child is experiencing stress."

The nurse is providing care to a toddler-age client during a health maintenance visit whose parents are expecting the birth of another child. Which statements should the nurse include in the teaching session to prepare the toddler-age client for the arrival of a new sibling? Select all that apply.

"You should promise your child that normal bedtime routines will continue after the baby is born." "You should buy your child a doll so that she can take care of her baby while you take care of the new baby." "You should include your child in the normal day to day activities with the new baby, such as helping with diaper changes."

What instructions should the nurse give to the parents of a toddler? Select all that apply.

"You should serve finger foods to your child." "You should give graded independence to your child."

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a child who has a difficult temperament. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching session with these parents regarding their child's temperament? Select all that apply.

"Your child will benefit from a bedtime routine." "Your child is likely to adapt slowly to the new daycare setting." "Your child will display intense emotions, including those associated with happiness."

According to Piaget, which statement describes the concrete operation stage?

During this stage, children are able to perform mental operations

The nurse examines a child for the appearance of the neurologic reflex that is a protective response during a fall. The nurse is aware that this reflex appears during the first year of life, and persists indefinitely. What is the likely age of the infant?

7 months

The nurse is assessing the development of a male child and finds that the child is tall, with deficient secondary sex characteristics and hypogenitalism. Which chromosomal notation is associated with the child's condition?

48,XXXY

How many hours of sleep should the nurse recommend for the 11-year-old client?

9

At what age does a child start to crawl?

9 months

At which age should the nurse assess the school-age client for mastery of the concept of conservation of volume?

9 years

From which client does the nurse expect dramatic physical growth and marked development?

9-month-old infant

The nurse is performing physical assessments for children in a daycare center. Which children should require a head circumference in order to monitor growth patterns? Select all that apply.

A 6-month-old infant who is breastfed A 15-month-old toddler who has asthma A 3-year-old child whose birthday was the day prior

The nurse is preparing to assess several clients at a pediatric clinic. Which client would require a developmental screening versus developmental surveillance during a scheduled health maintenance visit?

A 9-month-old infant

According to Piaget's theory, which of these statements about the period of concrete operations is true?

A child is able to describe a process without actually doing it.

The nurse administers a second dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) to a 4-month-old child. When does the child receive the third dose of IPV?

At 6 months of age

A 2½-year-old toddler arrives at the well-baby clinic for a routine physical examination. The child opens all of the cabinets in the examination room and carefully moves the tongue depressors and other items to different places. What psychosocial developmental stage does the nurse determine that this child is in?

Autonomy

An 8-year-old child is being prepared for surgery the next day. How should the nurse present preoperative instructions to this child?

By focusing on simple anatomic diagrams

The parents of a preschooler are worried, because the child is often seen talking to imaginary friends. The parents admit that they often scold the child for such behavior. Of what does the nurse inform the parents?

By focusing on simple anatomic diagrams

Which activities are easier for the school-age client due to changes in proportions from the preschool stage of development? Select all that apply.

Climbing Riding a bike

The nurse is explaining to the mother of two teenage children why her daughter's height is comparatively less than her son's height. What is the reason for lower overall height in girls compared with boys?

Closure of epiphyses because of estrogen secretion

Which neurologic manifestation should the nurse anticipate for a toddler-age client exposed to high doses of lead?

Convulsions

Which poison prevention points, supported by current evidence, should the nurse include in a teaching session to parents of toddlers? Select all that apply.

Correct medication administration Safe storage of toxic substances Strategies for effective discipline Taking drugs out of child's view

Which statement describes the latency stage of Freud's psychoanalytic model of personality development?

During this stage, sexual urges are repressed and channeled into productive activities.

A nurse in the pediatric clinic receives a call from a mother who states that her 2½-year-old child, whom she discovered in a kitchen cabinet, is crying that the mouth hurts. The child is drooling, and the tongue and gums are white. The nurse gives the mother the number of the Poison Control Center, telling her to call immediately because the nurse suspects that the child has ingested what?

Dishwashing detergent

Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care for a toddler-age client whose lead level is 18 mcg/dL?

Drawing labs at 1 month and then every 3 to 4 months

Which component of the human personality, according to Freud, allows an individual to judge reality accurately?

Ego

A toddler in the pediatric intensive care unit is on a ventilator. One of the nurses asks what should be done when condensation collects in the ventilator tubing. How should the nurse manager respond?

Empty the fluid and reconnect the tubing to the ventilator.

Which stage of development does the nurse anticipate for an adolescent client when using Piaget's theory to assess cognitive development?

Formal operational

A toddler who swallowed drain cleaner is hospitalized for observation because of the risk for vomiting and aspiration. Over the next 24 hours the child does not exhibit any respiratory distress and does not vomit. At discharge the nurse emphasizes that the parents should monitor their child for the onset of what?

Gagging and vomiting

Which theory states that a child's growth pattern is related to gene activity?

Gesell's theory

Which is a characteristic of the glands that secrete a thick substance in response to emotional stimulation and become odoriferous because of bacterial action?

Grow in conjunction with axillary hair follicles

The student nurse is learning about the developmental characteristics of vision. Which major developmental characteristics does an infant start exhibiting around age 6 weeks? Select all that apply.

Having binocular vision, Having peripheral vision to 180 degree

The parents of a 14-month-old boy with bilateral cryptorchidism ask the nurse in the pediatric clinic why it is important for him to have surgery before he is 2 years old. Before responding, the nurse takes into consideration the fact that uncorrected cryptorchidism can result in what?

Infertility

According to the Erikson's theory, which stage in a young adult describes the development of the sense of caring for others?

Intimacy versus isolation

A nurse obtains a health history from the parents of a toddler who is admitted to the pediatric unit with the diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). What problems does the nurse expect the parents to report? Select all that apply.

Loss of appetite Paleness of the skin Purplish spots on the skin

The parents of a toddler with newly diagnosed cystic fibrosis ask a nurse what causes the problems related to this disorder. What should the nurse consider about the primary pathologic process before responding?

Mechanical obstruction of mucus-secreting glands

During which stage of development should the nurse anticipate sibling relationships that fluctuate between open bickering and supportive relationships?

Middle school-age

The primary healthcare provider instructs the nurse to apply an emollient to an infant. During assessment, the nurse finds that the neonate is a preterm infant and has a body weight of 900 g. Which is the appropriate nursing intervention in this situation?

Monitor for coagulase-negative staphylococcus infection.

A nurse must administer an intramuscular injection to a 15-month-old child. What is the reason that the nurse does not administer the injection into the gluteal muscle?

Muscle mass in this area is undeveloped.

During testing of the neurologic reflexes of an infant, which reflex should the nurse expect to appear at 3 months and persist until 24 to 36 months of age?

Neck righting

Which of these statements about the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life is true?

Newborns are susceptible to heat loss and cold stress.

The nurse is discussing the neurologic reflexes seen in an infant with the parents. Which reflex will the nurse state as being present indefinitely?

Parachute

What type of play does a nurse expect to see while observing a toddler in a playroom with other children?

Parallel

A parent is worried about the infant's excessive dependence on nonnutritive sucking. Which intervention will help decrease this dependence?

Prolonging the feeding time

What would be the nurse's first step in efficiently tackling a situation of moral dilemma?

Recognizing one's own moral development level

Which difficulties faced by an adolescent diagnosed with a chronic illness are attributed to normal development? Select all that apply.

Risk taking Rebelliousness Peer socialization Lack of cooperation Hostility toward authority

Which type of relationship is most important to the school-age child?

Same-sex peer relationships

Which stage of development classifies boys and girls as differing very little in terms of size?

School-age

Which formula is most preferable for a child who has lactose intolerance?

Soy-based formula

In which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development does the nurse anticipate a client to expand focus from relationships with others to societal concerns?

Stage 4

The parent of a 14-month-old toddler asks the nurse how to proceed with bowel training. What is the best response by the nurse?

Start by having the child sit on a potty chair.

A nurse examines a class of seven-year-old students during a school health program. According to Erikson's theory, which behavior would the students display?

Students show an eagerness to learn social skills.

The parents of a preschooler inform the nurse that their child often develops diarrhea and ask whether there might be anything wrong with the child's stomach. Upon assessment, the nurse also finds that the child has poor oral care and is at risk for dental caries. What is the most probable cause for the child's health issues?

The child consumes excessive amounts of fruit juice.

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the correct order of a child's activities?

The child develops action pattern for dealing with the environment. The child develops egocentrism and animism. The child is able to describe a process without actually doing it The child demonstrates feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness.

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what is the correct order of a child's behavior as they age?

The child develops autonomy by making choices. The child develops feelings of superego or conscience. The child concentrates on work and play. The child is concerned about appearance and body image

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which should the nurse include in the plan of care for a young adult client who is hospitalized?

The importance of having support from the client's significant other.

A 3-year-old child has been experiencing chronic diarrhea, abdominal distention, and muscle wasting, and a tentative diagnosis of celiac disease has been proposed. The nurse determines that the teaching of the parents will need to include what?

The necessity of reading food labels carefully

What does the nurse anticipate the primary healthcare provider to advise the parents of a child newly diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder?

You may need to use a donor egg for future children.

Which stage of the development should the nurse document for an infant when using Freud's theory of psychosexual development?

oral