evr ch 6

The most accurate terms describing the trend over the past 50 years for human use of natural resources are ________. increasing and unsustainable from unsustainable to sustainable decreasing and sustainable rapidly increasing, moving from unsustainable to sustainable steady state, no change

increasing and unsustainable

Ignoring migration, the age structure of a human population likely to decrease in size will have what shape? a rectangle tapering toward the top pyramid inverted pyramid Both a pyramid and a rectangle tapering toward the top result in a population that decreases in size. Both an inverted pyramid and a rectangle tapering toward the top result in a population that decreases in size.

inverted pyramid

Fertility rates are highest in which of the following? southern India northern India along the coasts of India Sri Lanka none of the above

northern India

Ignoring migration, the age structure of a human population likely to increase in size will have what shape? a rectangle tapering toward the top inverted pyramid Both a pyramid and a rectangle tapering toward the top result in a population that increases in size. Both an inverted pyramid and a rectangle tapering toward the top result in a population that increases in size. pyramid

pyramid

John Seager describes several benefits of smaller families, including ____________. longer waits at hospitals reduced carbon emissions busier schools increased traffic congestion

reduced carbon emissions

Part complete Why aren't more couples using birth control in Zambia? Birth control in Zambia __________. View Available Hint(s) leads to an increase in sexually-transmitted infections is forbidden by the government is too expensive requires travel that many families cannot afford.

requires travel that many families cannot afford.

What is the relationship between family income and family size? In general, as family income levels __________. View Available Hint(s) become increasingly unpredictable, families have fewer children rise, families have fewer children fall, families have fewer children None of the listed responses above is correct.

rise, families have fewer children

In the demographic transition model, the highest population growth rate in a country is likely to occur during ________. stage 1, the preindustrial stage stage 2, the transitional stage stage 3, the industrial stage stage 4, the postindustrial stage stage 5, the stability transition stage

stage 2, the transitional stage

Which of the following climates contains the LOWEST population density? tropical wet and dry tropical rainy subarctic marine west coast highland

subarctic

Despite dire predictions in the past, humans still inhabit Earth. A few economists would argue that this is because ________. world population growth has been slower than expected Malthus's measurements were inaccurate Malthus overestimated Earth's environmental sensitivity technological developments have alleviated some of the strain on Earth's resources space exploration has revealed new frontiers

technological developments have alleviated some of the strain on Earth's resources

The term demographic transition refers to ________. a requirement for a population to reach a specific size before it becomes stable the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurred because sanitation levels in areas improved the decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates, occurring as a country economically develops the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches the carrying capacity the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches it biocapacity

the decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates, occurring as a country economically develops

Declining population growth rates in poor countries can be partially attributed to ________. economic disasters illness in infants valuing the birth of a son reproducing beyond replacement fertility the education of women

the education of women

The number of children in a family in Zambia has largely been determined by __________. View Available Hint(s) the religious practices of the family the other children in the family the father the amount of available food

the father

Which of the following is most likely to be interested in acquiring the use of land in the Niger Delta? A large agribusiness A large tech company A fishing boat manufacturer A mineral mining company

A large agribusiness

Based on trends, who will continue to acquire land in the Niger Delta? United States Aid organizations Delta women The Nigerian government

The Nigerian government

If the UN has its way, which of the following will happen first in the Niger Delta? The damaged pipeline will be repaired. The rivers will be restocked with fish. New banana trees will be planted. The drinking water will be made safe to drink.

The drinking water will be made safe to drink.

If global fertility rates remain at 2008 levels, the United Nations predicts that world population will surpass ________ billion in 2050. 5 4 10 9 7

9

Aside from contraception, human society and government policy can ________ to control population growth's negative effects on the environment. discourage population movement into sensitive environmental areas discourage emigration from Africa discourage equal education, employment, and literacy for women encourage consumption encourage emigration from Africa

discourage population movement into sensitive environmental areas

The global human population recently surpassed 7 billion people, and its annual growth is approximately _____ at the present. 1% 4% 7% 10% 12%

1%

During which of the following periods did the world's population more than double? 1850-1900 1900-1950 1750-1800 1800-1850 1950-2000

1950-2000

A population that is not growing will have a TFR of ________. 1.2 zero 2.1 or lower 5 or higher less than 1.0

2.1 or lower

You are a demographer. After numerous calculations and diligent research, you agree with UN predictions regarding the human population. When do you think it will peak? 2025 2050 2075 2100

2050

The global ecological footprint for humans is estimated to be ________. less than what would be needed as an ecological reserve approximately half of what Earth can support roughly 5 times what Earth can support 50% greater than what Earth can support twice what Earth can support

50% greater than what Earth can support

There are approximately ________ people on Earth. 15 million 10 billion 6.7 billion 1.5 billion 7.4 billion

7.4 billion

Predict which of the following United Nations funding proposals both Sylva and Seager might support. A proposal by a European country to promote bigger families and reverse declining fertility rates A development plan to build schools for girls in a poverty-stricken country A third-world country plan to provide free contraceptives An overseas government plan to require one-child families

A development plan to build schools for girls in a poverty-stricken country

Which part of the IPAT model represents the influence of wealth and its environmental impact? View Available Hint(s) P for population T for technology I for environmental impact A for affluence

A for affluence

Which region has the highest percentage of its population under age 15? South America North America Asia Africa All of the listed responses are correct.

Africa

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of very high fertility rates? They contribute to overpopulation. They contribute to urban congestion. They increase stress on the local ecosystems. They increase pollution. All of the above are consequences.

All of the above are consequences.

Environmental factors set limits on the growth of populations. What is this limit referred to? View Available Hint(s) Total fertility rate Tipping point Carrying capacity Population density

Carrying capacity

The nations with the highest rate of contraceptive use (84%) are the United Kingdom and ________. South Africa China Australia New Zealand United States

China

Sylva emphasizes the dangers to economies and social welfare systems from declining fertility rates. In comparison to Sylva, what would Seager say about declining fertility? Declining fertility is a false concern because global population is increasing. Declining fertility will exacerbate extreme poverty. Declining fertility would provide many social benefits, such as less crowded schools and roads. Governments should mandate one-child families to cause additional fertility declines.

Declining fertility would provide many social benefits, such as less crowded schools and roads.

Why do we study demography? View Available Hint(s) Demography investigates the relationship between population ecology and population changes. Demography explores the relationship between population and war. Demography examines the interactions between living and nonliving members of an ecosystem Demography involves the nature of viruses.

Demography investigates the relationship between population ecology and population changes.

Which term describes the amount of cumulative land and water required to provide the raw materials a person or population consumes and to dispose of the waste that is produced? View Available Hint(s) Demographic transition TFR Carrying capacity Ecological footprint

Ecological footprint

Which of the following people is most likely to be attributed to the following: "Overconsumption will be the ruin of humanity rather than overpopulation." Julian Simon Fred Pearce Paul Ehrlich Harry Harrison

Fred Pearce

Douglas Sylva gives four reasons why government population control is bad policy. Which of the following statements represents one of his reasons? Severe development problems are linked to population growth. The world is experiencing increasing fertility. Money is better spent on population control than on other priorities. Government influence over family size is prone to abuse.

Government influence over family size is prone to abuse.

Although Sylva and Seager seem to agree that couples should be able to make their own family planning decisions, they would disagree about which of the following statements? Earth's population has undergone a rapid increase in the past century. Governments should provide resources and education for family planning. Many countries face severe poverty and development problems. Societies that value freedom and privacy keep government out of reproductive planning decisions.

Governments should provide resources and education for family planning.

Which of the following was necessary for the human population to be able to produce increasing amounts of food? Orange Revolution Red Revolution Yellow Revolution Green Revolution

Green Revolution

There is no data on fertility for some areas of this region. For which of the following IS data available? Lakshadweep Gujarat province Nicobar Islands Delhi There is data for all of the above.

Gujarat province

Which was Thomas Malthus's argument? View Available Hint(s) He argued that if there was no control over population growth, then population numbers would increase indefinitely and this would not cause problems. He argued that if there was no control over population growth, then we would simply create technology to correct the problem. He argued that if there was no control over population growth, then our civilization would be consumed by famine and war by the end of the 20th century. He argued that if there was no control over population growth, then the population would come under check because of war, disease, and starvation.

He argued that if there was no control over population growth, then the population would come under check because of war, disease, and starvation.

Which of the following statements about Earth's carrying capacity for humans is true? View Available Hint(s) Earth can support an infinite number of humans. Earth's carrying capacity for humans is approximately 350 million people. Humans do not have a carrying capacity because we are at the top of the food chain. Human beings are not unlike other animals concerning carrying capacity, but we utilize technology to artificially raise the carrying capacity increasingly higher.

Human beings are not unlike other animals concerning carrying capacity, but we utilize technology to artificially raise the carrying capacity increasingly higher.

What is the sex ratio in China because of the one-child policy? View Available Hint(s) It is skewed toward the upper class. It is skewed toward more males, causing a slowing in population growth. It skewed toward more females resulting in more reproduction per person in the population. It is evenly distributed between males and females.

It is skewed toward more males, causing a slowing in population growth.

A graph of world population growth over the past 500 years most closely resembled the letter ________. U M S J K

J

What correlation exists between population density and fertility rates in India? Fertility rates are highest in regions of high population density. No correlation exists between the two. Fertility rates are lowest in regions of high population density. Fertility rates are highest in regions of low population density. None of the above.

No correlation exists between the two.

Why does Africa have the highest total fertility rate but a lower population density than parts of southern and eastern Asia? Africa has greater biodiversity. Africa has more people than southern and eastern Asia. People in southern and eastern Asia are spread out over a greater area. People in Africa are spread out over a greater area. None of the listed responses are correct.

People in Africa are spread out over a greater area.

Part complete Why did China institute the one-child policy in 1970? Unemployment levels were too high. Disease levels were increasing. To stimulate the economy. Resources were becoming strained, and pollution was increasing.

Resources were becoming strained, and pollution was increasing.

What is the primary reason that China changed its one-child policy to a two-child policy? Increasing disease rates Decreasing troops for the military Shrinking workforce Failing economy

Shrinking workforce

Which of the following countries has the highest fertility rate? Somalia Japan India China

Somalia

What could be a roadblock to the success of the new two-child policy? The decreased job opportunities could deter some couples. The poor education opportunities could deter some couples. The increased cost of living could deter some couples. The increased pollution could deter some couples.

The increased cost of living could deter some couples.

In 1900, there were approximately 1.75 billion humans on Earth; in 1950, there were approximately 2.3 billion; in the year 2025, approximately 8 billion people will inhabit the biosphere. In the period between 1900 and 2025, what has happened to the human population? View Available Hint(s) The intervals (in years) of population doubling are fixed. It has stabilized. The intervals between population doublings are decreasing. Zero-population growth policies are at work.

The intervals between population doublings are decreasing.

Which of the following can be inferred from the age structure shown? The population in Nigeria is growing more rapidly than Canada. There was a "baby boom" in Nigeria 30 years ago. The population in Nigeria has many more males than females. The population in Nigeria is aging rapidly. The population in Canada is growing more rapidly than Nigeria.

The population in Nigeria is growing more rapidly than Canada.

Which of these statements about the growth of the human population is true? View Available Hint(s) The human population has been growing at a steady and constant rate since 1800. Population growth is evenly divided with 50% of the increase coming from the developed countries and 50% from the developing countries. The rate at which the population has been growing has slowed in the past 50 years, but the human population is still getting larger. The human population peaked in the 1960s and has been declining since.

The rate at which the population has been growing has slowed in the past 50 years, but the human population is still getting larger.

What does a high percentage of population under age 15 tell us about a region's potential for population growth? The region's population will likely fluctuate. The region's population will likely remain stable. The region's population will likely decrease. The region's population will likely increase. None of the listed responses are correct.

The region's population will likely increase.

The period in a woman's life between sexual maturity and menopause is known as what? View Available Hint(s) The reproductive window The family planning window The demographic transition The immigration transition

The reproductive window

How do women cause a reduction in the total fertility rate? View Available Hint(s) High rates of female literacy result in high population growth rates. Promiscuity through available contraception Through empowerment, personal choice, and education Lower levels of education for women leads to lower growth rates.

Through empowerment, personal choice, and education

Ignoring migration, the age structure diagram of a human population likely to maintain a relatively stable size will have what shape? inverted pyramid pyramid Both an inverted pyramid and a rectangle tapering toward the top result in a population that remains stable in size. Both a pyramid and a rectangle tapering toward the top result in a population that remains stable in size. a rectangle tapering toward the top

a rectangle tapering toward the top

What causes a decline in fertility rates? View Available Hint(s) a decrease in family planning and birth control an increase in family planning and birth control an increase in infant mortality and death rate per capita income decrease

an increase in family planning and birth control

Zero population growth occurs in a population when ________. the ecological footprints are larger than the carrying capacity people have as many children as they can in the first 5 years of marriage birth rate equals death rate and there is no migration the carrying capacity is larger than the ecological footprint total fertility rate exceeds the average replacement rate

birth rate equals death rate and there is no migration

In a country where there are increasingly more households, ________. consumption should increase birth rates should increase consumption should decrease population growth rates should increase birth rates should remain constant

consumption should increase

To limit the growth of the Zambian population, humanitarian aid agencies and organizations such as UNICEF are focusing on __________. View Available Hint(s) educating and empowering women increasing the availability of abortions giving people money to purchase birth control forced sterilization of women who already have three children

educating and empowering women

The highest fertility rates occur mostly in which climate? subtropical steppe tropical savanna complex mountain humid subtropical tropical monsoon

humid subtropical

Which climate contains the highest population density? humid continental, cool summer humid subtropical semiarid tropical rainy humid continental, warm summer

humid subtropical

The view held by both Malthus and Paul Ehrlich suggests that depletion of resource supplies due to greater numbers of people ________. is not a problem because disease will limit population size is a problem because most resources are limited and can be depleted will result in exponential population growth is not a problem because new resources can always be found to replace depleted ones will lead to natural selection of the most fit individuals

is a problem because most resources are limited and can be depleted

According to the figure, Nigeria has a ________ population size than Canada, with a ________ median age and a ________ proportion of the population at postreproductive age. smaller; higher; larger larger; higher; larger larger; lower; smaller smaller; lower; smaller larger; lower; larger

larger; lower; smaller

The age structure diagram of Canada suggests that its total fertility rate (TFR) is ________. less than zero over 5.0 steadily rising less than the replacement rate zero

less than the replacement rate

When birth rates decline, what happens to a given population? View Available Hint(s) The number of producers in the ecosystem decreases. The population shifts towards females. The average age of the population grows younger. The average age of the population grows older.

The average age of the population grows older.

Malthus was responsible for ________. authoring the book The Population Bomb, which described the disastrous effects of human population growth defining the concept of ecosystem services recognizing the demographic transition effect in developing nations the idea that population growth would lead to greater industry and prosperity the idea that without social restrictions, increasing human population would lead to famine and war

the idea that without social restrictions, increasing human population would lead to famine and war

When do smaller numbers of people have larger ecological footprints? View Available Hint(s) when they are from affluent, wealthier nations when there is war when populations immigrate and emigrate when they are from developing nations

when they are from affluent, wealthier nations