EVR exam 5 ch 18
What occurs as sprawl increases in, or adjacent to, a city?
the need for cars increases
Which of the following is a problem that occurs within cities because of the concentrated use of energy in buildings and vehicles and the large amount of dark surfaces that absorb solar energy?
the urban heat island effect
One of the speakers in the video made an analogy between a city and a very large tree. In this analogy, the root system of the tree was compared to __________. Which of the following best summarizes the future plans for cities? How do the speakers in the video hope to treat waste generated by cities of the future?
the ways, soil, air, and water make cities self-sufficient plan to rely more on recycling and upcycling
Which of the following is true regarding zoning laws?
they can encourage sprawl
L'Enfant's 1791 Plan of the U.S. capital represented the first ________.
through city planning program
What field of study applies the characteristics of the natural world to urban settings?
urban ecology
People who seek to improve resource sustainability of our cities urge us to ________.
use renewable energy sources and recycle materials
A military base a few miles from a medium-sized city is being decommissioned. The base is a large one, sited along a coastline, and includes some small hills, pristine woodlands and wetlands, streams, a river, and a small lake. There is a railroad spur that connects the base with the nearby city, as well as a four-lane highway. The base contains housing, schools, a hospital, shops, and recreational areas for a population of 10,000. The city's options for using, selling, or leasing the land are numerous, and many groups come forward with proposals. As an ecological resource manager, your preliminary environmental studies should include inquiry into whether ________.
wetlands include oyster beds
Which of the following would be characteristic of sprawl?
wildley spaced homes spread evenly across a vast tract of land.
According to the projected data, after what year will the majority of people in less developed regions be living in urban areas? Which of the following statements are supported by the graph? Select all that apply.
2018 below 3 billion, reach 5 billion, almost equal, rural pop. expected to drop
How many megawatt hours (MWh) per year of savings did the students identify for computers at the Penn State Mueller Laboratory Building? How many MWh per year of savings are possible for HVAC? Estimate the total energy use at the lab building and the total estimated savings. Approximately what percentage of the total electrical energy use do these savings represent? The student report estimated $45,500 in electricity savings. What was the approximate cost of electricity in cents per kilowatt hour (kWh) used to calculate this savings? You are a member of a student committee at your college that is evaluating building energy use and potential savings. If your committee finds that your college's potential savings would be similar to those shown for Penn State, action in which area or combination of areas would result in approximately 5% energy savings?
30 1500 MWh 62% 2.7 cents per kWh lighting
In the study of urban ecology in Baltimore and Phoenix, how do the two cities differ in their citizens' exposure to toxic chemicals?
IN PHOENIX, ethnic minorities.........
What is true about the importance of location for cities that were founded over 100 years ago versus the cities that are rapidly growing today?
Older cities were founded along waterways......
Curitiba, Brazil, has shown us that ________.
a walkable city center and expanded bus system can solve a large cities traffic concern.
Of the following, the benefits of green buildings include ________.
all of them
From where does the food that most city-dwellers consume originate?
farms surrounding the suburbs and from long distances from the city
Worldwide, the fastest growing cities today are mostly ________.
in developing nations such as delhi, india
How can urbanization threaten communities and landscapes? What is an urban growth boundary (UGB)? What is specifically restricted outside of urban growth boundaries (UGBs) as mentioned in the video concerning the UGS put into place in 2007?
increased traffic jams its a line on a map the 2007 UGB
Any consideration of the true costs of sprawl must include ________.
increased use of fossil fuel
The operating costs for transportation ________.
indicate that, when operating costs are included, rail is the most sensible means of transport.
Which of the following was most influential in shifting the population of developed countries from the farms to the cities?
industrialization
Pat and Terry are considering moving from near the center of a large city into the suburbs. Which of the following discussion points is valid?
it will be easier to have a vegetable garden if they move to the suburbs
Oregon's strong policy of enforcing UGB's (urban growth boundaries) to create livable cities has been exemplary for many years, but between 2004 and 2007, voters ________.
passed a bill giving property owners the right to ignore UGB's
It costs less to operate an automobile in a small city than in a large city because ________.
people generally drive fewer miles to work in a small city versus a large city
An urban growth boundary (UGB) is intended to ________.
provide guidelines for city development
Air travel, the Internet, cheap fossil fuels, and television all have allowed people to ________.
remain connected while living in less centralized locations
Which city on the graph has both low to medium density (between 10 and 30 persons per hectare) and low carbon emissions? Describe the relationship between carbon emissions and urban density as shown on the graph. Compare the population densities of the most and least dense cities on the graph. What is the population ratio of the most- to least-dense cities? Calculate the average population density of the cities on the graph. Does the city that has average population density also have average carbon emissions? You work for the city planning agency in Houston and successfully pass ordinances designed to double population density. Based on the graph, predict the approximate change in carbon emissions.
COPENHAGEN as urban density increases, per capita carbon emissions decrease 7:1 No, carbon emissions are actually lower than avg in the city with avg density 50% decline
How did the University of Florida help address the problem of global warming? How did the University of Florida help address the problem of global warming? The University of Florida's athletic program became carbon neutral because it _____. How does planting trees offset carbon generated by the University of Florida athletic program? Fans attending University of Florida athletic events are responsible for providing carbon offsets for _____.
athletic program reduced local energy consumption decreased production of carbon dioxide AND reduced the amount of carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere promoted programs that reduced fossil fuel the planted trees will sequester carbon dioxide fossil fuels used to get fans to the stadium
Which of the following types of transportation consumes the most energy (in BTU per passenger mile)?
automobiles
How does the existence of densely-packed cities help preserve wilderness and rural areas?
bcuz people pack densely together in cities, more rural land is left undeveloped
Which of the following consume the bulk of the electricity used in the United States?
buildings
What are green buildings?
buildings constructed out of sustainable material
How does an urban growth boundary attempt to limit sprawl?
by limiting future growth into already urbanized areas
The water reuse system on the campus of Georgia Southern University __________. The bioenergy garden at Georgia Southern University is used to show plants that can be used LEED standards in the construction of new buildings establishes criteria that __________. One common way to increase the sustainability of a food system is to buy and consume What environmental problem is being addressed by the use of bio swales, large vegetated ditches or depressions, on the campus of Georgia Southern University?
conserves water by using treated city wastewater as biofuels... conserve energy... foods grown locally the pollution of streams...
Which of the following is a method that governments use to improve urban transportation?
designate lanes as carpool only
What is the major factor driving the move to the suburbs from cities?
desire to live in less crowded, more peaceful conditions
A military base a few miles from a medium-sized city is being decommissioned. The base is a large one, sited along a coastline, and includes some small hills, pristine woodlands and wetlands, streams, a river, and a small lake. There is a railroad spur that connects the base with the nearby city, as well as a four-lane highway. The base contains housing, schools, a hospital, shops, and recreational areas for a population of 10,000. The city's options for using, selling, or leasing the land are numerous, and many groups come forward with proposals. Members of several local environmental groups propose that nearly all of the buildings be removed and the area turned into a regional hiking, fishing, and camping area, with very limited vehicle access. This will preserve the natural areas while providing recreation for the city dwellers. The most likely issue raised by opponents is whether ________.
revenue generated from users will pay for the changes
In developing nations, such as India and Nigeria, ________.
rural people are moving to the cities in large numbers
What is sprawl?
spread into more country areas away from urban center
A city undergoing gentrification is experiencing ________.
the loss of working-class people
If the island of Monhegan decides to pursue renewable energy as Samso did, which of the following will be used to generate electricity? Another Dutch island wishes to achieve green energy independence by 2025. What is their goal? You are an environmental engineer focused on the most difficult type of energy consumption to convert to renewable. What are you working on? The price of electricity generated from wind has followed the same pattern in the United States as in Denmark. Which of the following has happened? In order to best emulate Samso, a community would need which of the following?
wind and solar to generate more energy from renewables than It consumes overall. transportation prices have been dropping lands to grow biomass
What practice classifies areas for different types of land use?
zoning