ex phys final #3

in which stage(s) of aerobic glycolysis are ATP resynthesized? (Check all that apply). A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4

1,3,4

How many net ATP are resynthesized from a 20-carbon fatty acid? (type-in a number for your answer)

163

How many pyruvates are produced from glycolysis of one glucose? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

2

How many net ATP are resynthesized from glucose in aerobic glycolysis? A. 24 B. 32 C. 36 D. 38

36

During exercise, _____ is the preferred energy substrate of skeletal muscle. A. carbohydrates B. fats C. protein D. all of the above since skeletal muscle uses all energy substrates E. A and B

A

The ATP resynthesized in the Kreb Cycle are a result of _____. A. substrate-level phosphorylation B. oxidative phosphorylation

A

The acetyl group that enters the Krebs Cycle is a _____. A. 2-carbon molecule B. 3-carbon molecule C. 6-carbon molecule

A

The process of breaking down a triglyceride into 3 fatty acids and a glycerol is called _____. A. Lipolysis B. Lipogenesis C. Beta oxidation D. Glycerolysis E. Triglycerolysis

A

Which of the following statements is true? A. Aerobic glycolysis of glucose is more oxygen efficient that the metabolism of a fatty acid. B. The metabolism of a fatty acid is more oxygen efficient that the aerobic glycolysis of glucose. C. The aerobic glycolysis of glucose and the metabolism of a fatty acid are equally as oxygen efficient.

A

Lactate can be oxidized to pyruvate in which of the following (check all that apply)? A. The muscle cell in which it is produced. B. A neighboring skeletal muscle cell. C. A skeletal muscle cell elsewhere in the body. D. The myocardium.

A,B,C,D

The lactate threshold is a measure of _____. A. aerobic performance B. anaerobic performance

A. aerobic performance

From the beta oxidation of a 20-carbon fatty acid, how many acetylCoA molecules enter the Krebs Cycle? A. 9 B. 10 C. 18 D. 20

B

Which of the following is the most efficient user of oxygen? A. Anaerobic glycolysis of glucose B. Aerobic glycolysis of glucose C. The metabolism of a fatty acid

B

Which of the following represents the formation of glycogen from glucose? A. Glycolysis B. Glycogenesis C. Glycogenolysis D. Gluconeogenesis

B

Bob is planning on running a 10 K (6.2 mile) race next week. He has information measured in the lab about his VO2max and his LT. Considering the distance of the race and potential causes of fatigue, his best performance in the race would be at an intensity _____ A. above his LT B. equivalent to his LT C. below his LT D. equivalent to his VO2max

B (can keep up pace at LT without becoming fatigue for 60-90 min)

Most of the lactate produced during exercise _____. A. is reduced to pyruvate B. is oxidized to pyruvate C. undergoes gluconeogenesis in the liver D. is converted to G6P is the muscle cell then stored as glycogen

B. is oxidized to pyruvate 3 ways: 1. excreted through skin or urine 2. undergoes gluconeogenesis in the liver 3. majority = oxidized into pyruvate

The 'purpose' of the Krebs Cycle is to _____. A. produce lots of ATP B. release lots of H+ which can then be transported to the ETS. C. convert lactate produced in the cell to glucose D. store glucose as glycogen in skeletal muscle

B??

Skeletal muscle _____. A. produces large amounts of lactate B. consumes large amounts of lactate C. produces and consumes large amounts of lactate

C

Which of the following represents the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver? A. Glycolysis B. Glycogenesis C. Glycogenolysis D. Gluconeogenesis

C. Glycogenolysis

How does glucose enter the skeletal muscle cell? A. It diffuses across the sarcolemma due to concentration gradients. B. Insulin transports glucose across the sarcolemma. C. It is actively transported across the sarcolemma by GLUT 1. D. It is actively transported across the sarcolemma by GLUT 4 E. Its diffusion across the sarcolemma is facilitated by the binding of ACh to nicotinic receptors.

D

Lactate that is produced in skeletal muscle enters the blood stream and is delivered to the liver where it is converted to glucose. The glucose then re-enters the blood stream and is delivered back to skeletal muscle where is it used in aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis. Collectively, these events are referred to as the _____. A. Lactate - Glucose Cycle B. Krebs Cycle C. Lactate Shuttle D. Cori Cycle E. Gluconeogenesis Cycle

D

The performance VO2 _____. A. is the VO2 at whatever intensity a person is exercising B. is equivalent to VO2max C. represents the lowest intensity of aerobic exercise that should be maintained during an endurance event D. represents the highest sustainable intensity of aerobic exercise that can be maintained for prolonged durations without fatiguing due to the consequences of lactate accumulation

D

Which of the following athletes would most likely win a 10 K race? A. The athlete with the highest VO2max. B. The athlete with the highest LT (%VO2max). C. The athlete who carbohydrate loaded prior to the race. D. The athlete with the highest performance VO2 (mL/kg/min).

D

Which of the following occurs in the liver? A. Glycogenesis B. Glycogenolysis C. Gluconeogenesis D. All of the above E. B and C

D

At moderate intensities of aerobic exercise (60-85% of VO2max), fatigue is most likely related to _____. A. the accumulation of lactate B. an increase in inorganic phosphates C. depletion of muscle glycogen D. hypoglycemia and/or dehydration E. all of the above F. A and B G. C and D

G

_____ can be metabolized aerobically and anaerobically. A. Carbohydrates B. Fats C. Proteins D. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins E. Carbohydrates and fats

a. carbs

Which of the following is a true statement about lactate? A. Most of the lactate produced in a muscle cell at rest is oxidized in the same muscle cell. B. Lactate produced in a muscle cell can be transported out of the muscle cell and oxidized elsewhere. C. The amount of lactate oxidized in the heart during exercise significantly contributes to the energy needs of the heart. D. Type II fibers tend to be high producers of lactate and type I fibers tend to be high consumers of lactate. E. All of the above. F. B and C

all of the above

In which of the following activities is anaerobic glycolysis most likely to be the predominant energy system? A. Any intensity of exercise since anaerobic glycolysis is always contributing to the energy demands of the exercise. B. A world class endurance athlete running a 5 min/mile pace during a marathon. C. Doing repeated intervals at 90% of your VO2max. D. Doing a 1 RM on the bench press.

c

Most of the glycerol that comes from the lipolysis of a triglyceride _____. A. enters anaerobic glycolysis B. enters aerobic glycolysis C. undergoes gluconeogenesis in the liver D. stays in the fat cell and is used to make another triglyceride

c

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs _____. A. in the cytoplasm B. in the mitochondria, specifically in the Krebs Cycle C. in the mitochondria, specifically in the ETS D. in the cytoplasm and the mitochondria E. in all four stages of aerobic glycolysis F. B and C

c

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs _____. A. in the cytoplasm B. in the mitochondria C. in the cytoplasm and the mitochondria D. in all four stages of aerobic glycolysis E. C and D

c

The common molecule between the aerobic metabolism of glucose and the aerobic metabolism of a fatty acid? A. Glucose B. Pyruvate C. AcetylCoA D. Lactate E. There is no common molecule between the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats

c

The process of cleaving a 2-carbon unit from a fatty acid carbon chain is called _____. A. Lipolysis B. Lipogenesis C. Beta oxidation D. Substrate-level phosphorylation E. Oxidative phosphorylation

c

The rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis is _____. A. ATPase B. creatine kinase C. phosphofructokinase D. lactate dehydrogenase E. pyruvate dehydrogenase

c

Which of the following represents a fatty acid? A. C3H5O3 B. C6H12O6 C. C12H24O2

c

The liver can convert which of the following into glucose? (check all that apply) A. AcetylCoA B. Pyruvate C. Lactate D. Glycerol E. Fatty acids F. Amino acids

c, d, f

The metabolism of fats includes _____. (check all that apply) A. glycolysis B. the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetylCoA C. beta oxidation D. substrate level phosphorylation E. oxidative phosphorylation

c,d,e

Beta oxidation of a fatty acid occurs _____. A. in the fat cell (adipocyte) B. in the blood C. in the cytoplasm of the skeletal muscle cell D. in the mitochondria of the skeletal muscle cell

d

Skeletal muscle glycogenolysis helps maintain blood glucose levels.

false

Compared to resting, which of the following hormones decrease during exercise? A. Growth hormone B. Cortisol C. NE and EPI D. Insulin E. Glucagon F. All of the above G. None of the above

insulin