Exam 1- 202
Blood is
A connective tissue composed of formed elements (RBC, WBC, and platelets) and an extracellular matrix (plasma)
Which of the following hormones is/are secreted by the posterior pituitary?
ADH and OT
Hormones like glucagon and insulin that have opposite effects on the same target cells are said to be _____.
Antagonists
The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the ______.
Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
A patient has been experiencing severe, persistent allergy symptoms that are reduced when she takes antihistamine. Before the treatment, this patient was likely to have had increased activity of which leukocyte?
Basophils.
Which of the following cells secrete somatostatin?
Delta cells
Main function of blood
Maintain homeostasis
Platelets are derived from cells called:
Megakaryocytes.
Which of the following is NOT derived from amino acids?
Steroid hormones
People with ABO blood type AB ______.
are considered universal recipients, have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies circulating in their blood plasma, and have both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes.
Steroid hormones influence cellular activities by _____.
binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex
The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland is an example of ______.
endocrine signaling
Which region of the adrenal gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?
medulla
Hematocrit
the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood
Thyroxine is synthesized from the amino acid __________ and __________ ions.
tyrosine and iodine
Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
volume of erythrocytes present in a sample of centrifuged blood
Buffy coat
white blood cells and platelets
Which of the following statements about albumin is/are true? 1. It is produced by specialized leukocytes called plasma cells. 2. It is essential for blood clotting. 3. It is the most abundant plasma protein. 4. It is the most significant contributor to the osmotic pressure of blood.
3 & 4. It is the most abundant plasma protein & it is the most significant contributor to the osmotic pressure of blood.
This gonadal hormone stimulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics:
Estrogen
True or false: A patient has a brain tumor that necessitates removal of his pituitary gland. Its removal will affect production of ADH and oxytocin.
False
True or false: Calcitriol, released from the kidneys, aids in the digestion of food and buffering stomach acid.
False
True or false: Endocrine glands secrete hormones into ducts to reach target cells.
False
True or false: Oxytocin is an example of a steroid hormone.
False
True or false: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an acquired disease where cells become resistant to the effects of insulin.
False
True or false: Aging and damaged erythrocytes are removed from the circulation by monocytes in the liver and spleen.
False.
If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected?
Glucagon
Which of the following hormones released by the pancreas raises blood glucose levels?
Glucagon
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Increases calcium ion concentrations in the blood
Which of the following hormones from the liver functions similarly to growth hormone?
Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
Which is true about erythropoietin?
It facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of the erythrocyte lineage.
Along with the endocrine system, the ______ system coordinates the various homeostasis activities of the body.
Nervous
________ signaling is a form of chemical signaling where a cell targets a nearby cell such as in interferon signaling with viral infections.
Paracrine
Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of parathyroid hormone?
Parathyroid hormone increases the blood calcium ion concentration.
Extra cellular matrix
Plasma
Which of the following is NOT related to lipid hormones?
Plasma membrane receptor
The number of the steps of hemostasis should be matched to the order in which the events occur during the process of hemostasis from the first event (step 1) to the last (step 5).
Step 1: Vasoconstriction decreases blood flow through the vessel. Step 2: Platelets are activated and the platelet plug forms. Step 3: Prothrombin is converted to thrombin. Step 4: Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin. Step 5: Insoluble fibrin weaves the platelet plug together.
What are the primary hormones secreted by the gonads?
Testosterone and estrogen
The outer part of the adrenal gland is the _____ and the deep region called the _____ which secretes ______.
The outer part of the adrenal gland is the ADRENAL CORTEX and the deep region called the ADRENAL MEDULLA which secretes EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE.
Functions of blood
Transports gasses, waste products, hormones, enzymes, and nutrients. Maintains body temperature. Controls pH. Removes toxins from the body. generate blood pressure. Defense against pathogens. Restriction of blood loss (clotting).
True or false: the hormone released by the pineal gland, melatonin, is secreted primarily at night.
True
