EXAM 1
As part of the orientation for her internship, Rebecca was informed that ___________ are people who direct the activities of others in an organization. A. managers b. line workers c. directors d. subordinates
A. Managers
Which of the following statements is true concerning problem identification? A) Effectively identifying problems is not easy. B) Problems are generally obvious. C) A symptom and a problem are one and the same. D) Generally, what is a problem for one manager is a problem for all other managers.
A. Problems are generally obvious
17) Which of the following is an example of a corporate ritual? A) Riverside Mfg. hosts annual events to commemorate employee contributions and reward outstanding performance. B) Company executives use company-specific jargon or slogans intended to inspire other employees to perform better. C) In the reception lobby is an assortment of material artifacts such as trade magazines, industry awards, photos of the employees-of-the-month, and samples of products. D) Joe and Ed swap stories about the company's history and past heroes who have made significant contributions to the company.
A. Riverside Mfg. hosts annual events to commemorate employee contributions and reward outstanding performance.
Which of the following statements is true of employing disabled employees? A) A person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the same obligations and rights as far as job performance. B) Hiring people with disabilities leads to higher employment costs and lower profit margins. C) Workers with disabilities lack job skills and experience necessary to perform as well as their abled counterparts. D) Employees with disabilities are exempt from potential disciplinary action, and there are high costs associated with accommodating disabled employees.
A. a person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the same obligations and rights as far as job performance.
"All employees must be at their work stations and ready to work by the time the buzzer sounds." This is an example of ________. A) a rule B) a practice C) a procedure D) a policy
A. a rule
Which of the following is important in effectively implementing the chosen alternative in the decision-making process? A) allowing those impacted by the outcome to participate in the process B) evaluating each alternative by using the established criteria C) being creative while implementing the alternatives D) ignoring criticism concerning your chosen alternative
A. allowing those impacted by the outcome to participate in the process
When managers make decisions that are rational but limited by their ability to process the information, they are following the concept of ________. A) bounded rationality B) intuitive decision making C) cognitive decision making D) escalation of commitment
A. bounded rationality
Ben is selecting members for a problem-solving team. Which of the following team compositions is most likely to result in better team performance? A) employees from a variety of ethnic and gender backgrounds B) an all-male or all-female team C) employees from the quality department D) employees with at least ten years of seniority
A. employees from a variety of ethnic and gender backgrounds
Which of the following demographic characteristics reflects surface-level diversity? A) ethnicity B) work preferences C) differences in values D) personality
A. ethnicity
The World Trade Organization ________. A) exists to help countries conduct trade through a system of rules B) facilitates trade among third-world countries and developed nations C) advises developing countries on issues of trade barriers D) promotes long-term economic development and poverty reduction
A. exists to help countries conduct trade through a system of rules
A ________ economy is one in which resources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector. A) free market B) planned C) democratic D) command
A. free market
Design thinking suggests that managers should look at problem identification collaboratively and integratively with the goal of ________. A) gaining a deep understanding of the situation B) developing solutions which somehow seem inevitable C) analyzing the situation with deductive reasoning D) unveiling a rational approach to address the situation
A. gaining a deep understanding of the situation
Depending on the weather and the amount of advertising, Kyle has developed six scenarios for his summer profits from his lawn care business. expectations in the past, so he fears the worst. A) maximizes the minimum possible payoff C) maximizes the maximum possible His business has failed to reach his Kyle will likely choose the option that ________. B) minimizes the minimum losses D) minimizes the maximum regret payoff
A. maximizes the minimum possible payoff
The soccer league in England is notorious for the number of team managers fired over the course of a single season, which stands at no fewer than eight managers on average, owing to poor team form and consequently, poor results. It is evident from this information that the league endorses a(n) ________ view of management. A) omnipotent B) impotent C) omniscient D) symbolic
A. omnipotent
Which of the following is the best description of the provisions of the Civil Rights Act, Title VII? A) prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, or gender B) prohibiting discrimination against individuals with disabilities or chronic illnesses C) prohibiting the forced retirement of most employees D) prohibiting discrimination against employees aged 40 or over
A. prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, or gender
"There are no coincidences.If something bad has happened to you, you must have done something to deserve it." This statement might be made by someone with the ________. A) randomness bias C) availability bias B) self-serving bias D) framing bias
A. randomness bias
Which of the following perceptions do employers typically have of older employees? A) resistant to new technology B) weak work ethic C) lack of sound judgment D) better attendance
A. resistant to new technology
When Calvin helps one of his employees troubleshoot a machine problem, he is using his ________ skills. A) technical B) conceptual C) interpersonal D) negotiator
A. technical
As chief of new product development for a U.S. consumer goods firm, Carmen should be very aware that ________ is likely to have the greatest influence on consumer preferences for the next few decades. A) the aging of the population B) declining birth rates C) increasing inflation D) changes in religion
A. the aging population
Which of the following represents an important constituent of a small-town bake shop selling desserts and coffee? A) the bakery's regular customers B) wheat farmers in Kansas C) the state department of revenue D) the local campus of the community college
A. the bakeryʻs regular customers
If you were talking to Todd, an average person, and asked him what the term culture meant, he would reply that it is ________. A) the shared values and practices of the firm B) the formal rules of an organization C) the nature of products/services offered by the company D) a set of operational procedures for the company
A. the shared values and practices of the firm
Which of the following is a characteristic found in spiritual organizations? A) tolerance toward mistakes and openness with customers and employees B) emphasis on controlling emotions and feelings C) focus on team development, rather than individual development D) profit-oriented outlook towards all organizational activities
A. tolerance toward mistakes and openness with customers and employees
Farrell has a knack for selecting candidates who become very successful workers. When asked how he does it, he answered that he "listened to his gut." Farrell is really ________. A) using his intuition B) satisficing C) using perfect rationality D) using bounded rationality
A. using his intuition
More than a hundred years ago, Henri Fayol proposed that managers performed five functions. They were ________. A) planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling B) planning, organizing, directing, evaluating, and controlling C) planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling D) organizing, directing, coordinating, evaluating, and controlling
A.planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling
Because of the emphasis her company has placed on sustainability, Darlene, a first-line manager, must now consider ________. A) the impact of her departmentʻs waste on the environment B) her company's competitive advantage when scheduling workers C) how to retain employees even during a recession D) how to handle new employee legislation
A.the impact of her department's waste on the environment
If ABC Company wanted to create an innovative culture, which of the following actions should it take? A) Require employees to document their activities to account for all paid hours. B) Allow employees time for the generation of ideas. C) Encourage employees to report slacking and other time wasting within their departments. D) Create detailed job descriptions and step-by-step procedures for every position.
B. Allow employees time for the generation of ideas.
________ refers to the social traits that are shared by a human population. A) Nationality B) Ethnicity C) Race D) Ancestry
B. Ethnicity
Which of the following is the basic difference between multidomestic corporations and global companies? A) Multidomestic corporations are run by global companies but must be owned by a local, national company. B) Multidomestic corporations decentralize management to the local country, while global companies centralize management in the home country. C) Multidomestic corporations reflect an ethnocentric attitude, while global companies reflect a polycentric attitude. D) Multidomestic corporations typically do business with more countries than global companies.
B. Multidomestic corporations decentralize management to the local country, while global companies centralize management in the home country.
If Melody wanted to build a strong culture, which of these actions would help most? A) She should hold an annual retreat at which upper management develops a values statement. B) She and other managers should often tell stories about the company "heroes" and encourage employees to emulate their behavior. C) She should encourage employees to continue their education and establish a tuition assistance program. D) She should allow employees to pursue activities they believe will contribute to future company growth.
B. She and other managers should often tell stories about the company "heroes" and encourage employees to emulate their behavior.
Which of the following factors is an economic component of an organization's external environment? A) Most of the firm's customers live in the Midwest. B) The firm's customers' disposable income falls in the range of $25,000-$40,000. C) The employees of the organization have, on average, 2.3 children. D) The average customer of a firm has a high school education.
B. The firm's customers' disposable income falls in the range of $25,000-$40,000.
________ are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization. A) Middle managers B) Top managers C) Research managers D) Production managers
B. Top managers
Nonprogrammed decisions ________. A) are associated with clear and specific goals B) are unique and nonrecurring C) involve standardized solutions D) are usually made by lower-level managers
B. are unique and nonrecurring
A corporation drops its organizational structure based on countries and reorganizes into industry groups. This is an example of the company becoming a(n) ________. A) ethnocentric company B) borderless organization C) polycentric organization D) global company
B. borderless organization
Effectiveness is associated with ________. A) reducing inventory C) decreasing production time B) doing the right things D) doing things right
B. doing the right thing
If the components of an organization's environment change frequently, the organization is operating in a ________ environment. A) complex B) dynamic C) simple D) stable
B. dynamic
If your team quickly painted the wall but discovered afterward it was the wrong wall, your team would be ________. A) efficient and effective B) efficient but ineffective C) effective but inefficient D) neither effective nor efficient
B. efficient but ineffective
5) The single European Union currency is called the ________. A) krona B) euro C) krone D) pound
B. euro
Farrah has called together her management team to review information about customer satisfaction gathered by an external research company. Farrah is engaging in ________. A) perfect rationality B) evidence-based management C) relationship management D) bounded rationality
B. evidence-based
Nathan uses ethnic craftsmen to make high quality oak furniture. If he decides to offer his furniture for sale in other countries, he will be engaging in ________. A) importing B) exporting C) franchising D) licensing
B. exporting
19) An effective decision-making process ________. A) is complex but reliable C) avoids subjective and intuitive thinking B) focuses on matters of importance D) focuses on consistency more than logic
B. focuses on matters of importance
Which of the following represents one of the challenges of management? A) influencing organizational outcomes B) having to deal with a variety of personalities C) helping others find meaning and fulfillment in their work D) creating an environment in which organizational members can do their best work
B. having to deal with a variety of personalities
It is assumed that a rational decision maker ________. A) is unlimited by his or her ability to process information B) is fully objective and logical C) is unaware of all the possible alternatives and consequences D) faces unclear and ambiguous problems
B. is fully objective and logical
A(n) ________ typically contains an ambiguous term that leaves interpretation up to the decision maker. A) edict B) policy C) rule D) procedure
B. policy
________ refers to a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a person or a group of people. A) Equanimity B) Prejudice C) Bias D) Impartiality
B. prejudice
Which of the following is an example of an efficient manufacturing technique? A) meeting customers' rigorous demand B) reducing product costs C) increasing product reject rates D) increasing the amount of time to manufacture products
B. reducing product costs
U.S. federal law does not prohibit discrimination against employees on the basis of ________. A) religion B) sexual orientation C) race D) age
B. sexual orientation
A ______ is an example of a first-line manager a. store manager b. shift manager c. regional manager d. division manager
B. shift manager
Adam has been hired by an organization that has a partnership with a foreign company. Both the partners share resources and knowledge while developing new products. Adam's organization has formed a ________. A) foreign subsidiary B) strategic alliance C) franchising company D) licensing company
B. strategic alliance
When Paul manages the employees who produce the product, he is utilizing his ________. A) interpersonal skills B) technical skills C) conceptual skills D) disseminator skills
B. technical skills
The meaning of "glass" that is used in the term "glass ceiling" signifies ________. A) that the perceived barrier to top management positions is brittle and vulnerable to changes at the topmost organizational levels B) that whatever is blocking the way for women to attain top management positions is not immediately apparent C) that organizations maintain a transparent ethos when defining management roles assigned to male and female employees D) the gulf in opportunities and rewards afforded to male and female employees that can be "seen through" easily
B. that whatever is blocking the way for women to attain top management positions is not immediately apparent
People are going to be different. The focus of managers should be ________. A) to find commonalities among various groups displaying surface-level diversity B) to find ways to develop strong relationships with and engage the entire workforce C) to find ways to keep various groups within the workforce from creating conflict D) to make sure the practices within their departments comply with the letter of the laws governing discrimination in employment
B. to find ways to develop strong relationships with and engage the entire workforce
Which of the following types of global organizations reflects the geocentric attitude? A) global company B) transnational organization C) multidomestic corporation D) regional organization
B. transnational organization
The ways in which people in an organization are different from and similar to one another is known as ________. A) work culture B) workplace diversity C) organizational democracyD) business etiquette
B. work place diversity
Which of the following factors is a sociocultural component of an organization's external environment? A) Most of the firm's customers have at least one year of college. B) Over time, society has become more accepting of alternative lifestyles. C) The birth rate of the country is declining. D) The government of the country holds elections whenever confidence in the current regime falters.
B.Over time, society has become more accepting of alternative lifestyles.
Wasting resources is considered to be an example of ________. A) inefficacy B) inefficiency C) ineffableness D. ineffectiveness
B.inefficiency
Which of the following most accurately reflects the symbolic view of management? A) Employees are directly responsible for an organization's success or failure. B) Managers are directly responsible for an organization's success or failure. C) External forces are responsible for an organization's success or failure. D) Managers have to ensure that every obstacle is overcome on the way to achieving the organization's goals.
C. External forces are responsible for an organizationʻs success or failure
The forerunner of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development was the ________ that was formed in 1947 to administer American and Canadian aid under the Marshall Plan for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II. A) Organization for European Investment B) Organizational Council of Europe C) Organization for European Economic Cooperation D) Organization of European States
C. Organization for European Economic Cooperation
Ethan is the managing director of his organization. Therefore, ________. A) he can manage with limited financial skills B) he should be very sound in his technical skills C) conceptual skills are the most important skills that Ethan requires D) his interpersonal skills are not important
C. conceptual skills are the most important skills that Ethan requires
What type of discrimination is said to have occurred when certain actions taken by representatives of an organization deny equal opportunity to perform or unequal rewards for performance? A) exclusion B) incivility C) discriminatory practices or policies D) intimidation
C. discriminatory practices or policies
Theodore and James decide to enter into an agreement with a firm in Europe allowing them to use the rights to their software, brand name, and software specifications in return for a lump sum payment. The firm is a service organization that plans to use the software to assist its customers. Their agreement is a(n) ________. A) import agreement B) export agreement C) franchise agreement D) licensing agreement
C. franchise agreement
Melanie joins an international student association in order to better understand the views of students from other countries. She is trying to become more ________ in her attitude. A) polycentric B) ethnocentric C) geocentric D) parochialistic
C. geocentric
Increased accountability of employees is typically caused by ________. A) security threats to the organization B) discrimination concerns C) increased emphasis on organizational ethics D) increased digitization
C. increased emphasis on organizational ethics
In 1984 Toyota and General Motors formed a company called NUMMI to build cars carrying both the General Motors and Toyota brands. NUMMI is an example of a(n) ________. A) global venture C) joint venture B) equity strategic alliance D) nonequity strategic alliance
C. joint venture
Only speaking one language is one sign that a nation suffers from ________. A) geocentrism B) ethnocentrism C) parochialism D) polycentrism
C. parochialism
Managers with a(n) ________ attitude view every foreign operation as different and hard to understand. A) ethnocentric B) geocentric C) polycentric D) regiocentric
C. polycentric
________ are called the iGeneration, because they've grown up with technology that customizes everything to the individual. A) Gen Y-ers B) Pre-Millennials C) Post-Millennials D) Baby Boomers
C. post-millennials
Which of the following benefits of workplace diversity is categorized as strategic? A) improved system flexibility B) better use of talent C) potential to improve market share D) reduced costs associated with high turnover
C. potential to improve the market share
The manager of an apparel store estimates how much to order for the current spring season based on last spring's sales figures. The store manager is operating under which of the following decision-making conditions? A) uncertainty B) structure C) risk D) certainty
C. risk
Judging a person on the basis of one's perception of a group to which he or she belongs is known as ________. A) assimilation B) integration C) stereotyping D) prejudice
C. stereotyping
Bettina likes to know the end from the beginning. She gathers as much information as possible before making a decision. Bettina likely lives in a culture ________. A) with high future orientation C) with high uncertainty avoidance B) with high power distance D) with high performance orientation
C. with high uncertainty avoidance
Which of the following statements highlights the shared aspect of culture? A) Organizational culture is concerned with how members perceive the culture and describe it, not with whether they like it. B) Organizational culture is not something that can be physically touched or seen, but employees perceive it on the basis of what they experience within the organization. C) Even though individuals may have different backgrounds or work at different organizational levels, they tend to describe the organization's culture in similar terms. D) The original source of the culture of an organization reflects the vision of the organization's founders.
C.Even though individuals may have different backgrounds or work at different organizational levels, they tend to describe the organization's culture in similar terms.
Google has often been cited as a model for employee satisfaction. Google takes extensive care to ensure employees have the best available conditions to perform, ranging from free snack bars, free massages, innovation rooms, spas-on-site, and many more such measures. Which dimension of organizational culture is Google said to emphasize through such measures? A) aggressiveness B) stability C) people orientation D) attention to detail
C.people orientation
________ results in a solution that is considered "good enough." A) Linear thinking B) Escalating C) Satisficing D) Intuition
C.satificing
The total world population is forecasted to hit 9 billion by 2050, at which point the United Nations predicts the total population will either stabilize or peak after growing for centuries at an faster rate. The main reason for this shift is __________. A) the unprecedented rate at which world population is aging B) the high level of mobility of the international workforce across national borders C) the decline in birthrates as nations advance economically D) the alarming rate of depletion of natural resources necessary for sustaining the population
C.the decline in birthrates as nations advance economically
The North American Free Trade Agreement includes ________. A) Canada, Mexico, Panama, and the United Sates B) the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Honduras C) Canada, Mexico, the United States, and Costa Rica D) Mexico, Canada, and the United States
D. Mexico, Canada, ad the US
Which of the following would make Mary realize that the company where she works has a strong culture? A) Upper management sends contradictory messages about what is important. B) Shared values and behaviors are not connected. C) Values are limited to the top management. D) Most employees are aware of company history.
D. Most employees are aware of company history.
Which of the following statements is true of gender diversity in workplaces? A) Affirmative action policies have resulted in women, generally, starting their careers at higher levels than men. B) Despite the disparity in representation in the workforce, women earn nearly as much as men do on a median basis. C) Today, men make up nearly two-thirds of the workforce, while women account for the remaining third. D) No consistent male-female differences exist in problem-solving ability, analytical skills, competitive drive, motivation, sociability, or learning ability.
D. No consistent male-female differences exist in problem-solving ability, analytical skills, competitive drive, motivation, sociability, or learning ability.
How does surface-level diversity differ from deep-level diversity? A) Surface-level diversity can affect the way people view organizational rewards and their communication with others, while deep-level diversity does not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel. B) Surface-level diversity is reflected by differences in personality and values, while deep-level diversity is influenced by age and ethnic differences. C) Surface-level diversity becomes more important as people get to know each other, while deep-level diversity becomes less relevant with increasing familiarity between people. D) Surface-level diversity can affect the way people perceive others, especially in terms of assumptions or stereotyping, while deep-level diversity may affect general behavior of people at work.
D. Surface-level diversity can affect the way people perceive others, especially in terms of assumptions or stereotyping, while deep-level diversity may affect general behavior of people at work.
"In this company, what you do matters a whole lot more than your last name." Bill's father, the company founder, expected Bill's supervisor to mentor the young man, to help him set goals, to train him and to develop his managerial skills with an emphasis on continuous improvement. Bill likely lives in a country with ________. A) a high institutional collectivism culture B) a high in-group collectivism culture C) a high assertiveness culture D) a high performance orientation culture
D. a high performance orientation culture
Creativity is most essential in which of the following steps of the decision-making process? A) allocating weights to the decision criteria B) identifying decision criteria C) analyzing alternatives D) developing alternatives
D. developing alternatives
When Brandi is sharing with her team members the information she received at this morning's production meeting, she is performing the Mintzberg role of ________. A) entrepreneur B) monitor C) liaison D) disseminator
D. disseminator
Connie has an idea for a new product she would like to produce and market. Mintzberg would consider the activities necessary to form and launch her company to be part of the ________ role. A) resource allocator B) planning C) negotiator D) entrepreneur
D. entrepreneur
While talking with her advisor at the university, Jane deduces that she has a(n) ________ attitude, as she has never traveled abroad and relates well only to people from her home country. A) geocentric B) regiocentric C) polycentric D) ethnocentric
D. ethnocentric
The ________ occurs when decision makers select and highlight certain aspects of a situation while excluding others. A) availability bias B) confirmation bias C) representation bias D) framing bias
D. framing bias
18) Marriott hotels are noted for their fantastic service. Their motto is "Ladies and gentlemen serving ladies and gentlemen." To build and maintain this level of service, which of the following guidelines should managers follow? A) precisely defining employees' normal job requirements and ensuring they perform those actions alone B) preserving the discretion to make day-to-day decisions on job-related activities at the top level of management C) designing jobs with rigid rules and procedure that employees should stick to in order to satisfy customers D) giving service-contact employees continual training on product knowledge, listening, and other behavioral skills
D. giving service-contact employees continual training on product knowledge, listening, and other behavioral skills
Critics of the WTO claim that ________. A) it favors third-world countries over developed countries D) regiocentric D) pound B) shifting jobs to developing countries harms the economies of member nations C) has too little power to be effective D) global trade destroys jobs and the natural environment
D. global trade destroys jobs and the natural environment
Outsiders would call them clannish. Ianos and his family are very close. At work, he gives his all to the team. His neighbors support each other but exclude people they do not know. This describes a culture that is ________. A) high in institutional collectivism B) high in performance orientation C) low in humane orientation D) high in in-group collectivism
D. high in in-group collectivism
The citizens of Abolonia believe no top executive should ever earn more than 40 times the average wage of the company's employees. This is an example of ________. A) how government regulation affects the salaries executives can earn B) a trend in the sociocultural environment that limits disposable income in the economic environment C) how changes in the demographics limit the discretion managers have D) how societal attitudes in the economic context create constraints on the decisions managers make
D. how societal attitudes in the economic context create constraints on the decisions managers make
After identifying a problem, the next step in the decision-making process is ________. A) allocating weights to decision criteria B) analyzing alternatives C) developing alternatives D) identifying decision criteria
D. identifying decision criteria
Nora has just informed her employer that she is expecting her second child. Her employer immediately moved her to a position of less responsibility and pay and less physical activity. This action is ________. A) allowed under the Pregnancy Act B) illegal under the Americans with Disabilities Act C) illegal under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act D) illegal under the Pregnancy Act
D. illegal under the Pregnancy act
When Sam Walton visited his Walmart stores, he would often lead the employees in cheers and give inspiring speeches. Sam knew the importance of ________ skills. A) technical B) conceptual C) decisional D) interpersonal
D. interpersonal
When Fred tells the employees that he is sure they can fulfill the schedule because they are good and skilled employees, he is performing which of the following management functions? A) delegating B) negotiating C) controlling D) leading
D. leading
Before making a decision, Kathryn gathers as much information as she can then analyzes it to check for trends and patterns. A) intuitive thinking C) non-linear thinking Kathryn prefers ________. B) judgmental thinking D) linear thinking
D. linear thinking
Which of the following represents the two views of managerial impact on the success or failure of the organization? A) symbolic and interactive B) omnipotent and reflective C) reflective and interactive D) omnipotent and symbolic
D. omnipotent and symbolic
The area in which your office operates has been relatively stable in terms of land prices and demand. However, you have noticed that demand for housing in the area usually spikes in summer. Which of the following best describes your business environment? A) stable and complex B) dynamic and simple C) dynamic and complex D) stable and simple
D. stable and simple
________ are straightforward, familiar, and easily defined. A) Non-structured problems B) Programmed problems C) Nonprogrammed problems D) Structured problems
D. structured problems
From a business perspective, a company's ability to achieve its business goals and increase long-term shareholder value by integrating economic, environmental, and social opportunities into its business strategies is known as ________. A) universality B) accountability C) equitability D) sustainability
D. sustainability
Internal constraints that influence managers' decisions and actions come from ________. A) the prevailing political conditions B) the fluctuations in the stock market C) the attitudes of customers D) the culture of the organization
D. the culture of the organization
One big challenge for managers of diverse workforces is ________. A) to provide accommodations for disabled workers that don't carry excessive costs B) to assure that employees do not discuss their religious beliefs with other workers C) to treat all employees identically despite individual differences D) to provide accommodations for disabilities and religious beliefs that other employees don't view as special treatment
D. to provide accommodations for disabilities and religious beliefs that other employees don't view as special treatment
The organizational chart shows titles such as front-line manager, plant manager, and vice president of operations. It is very likely this organization has a ________. A) flexible structure B) traditional committee structure C) modern matrix structure D) traditional pyramid structure
D. traditional pyramid structure