Exam 1
how many vertebrae are in the t spine
12
suction requires no less than how many mmHg on vacuum
300mmHg
how many vertebrae are in the spinal column
33
how many categories of shock are there
4
how many vertebrae are in the l spine
5
how many vertebrae are in the c spine
7
A photo of a pair of EMTs on a call shows them laughing and looking casual and relaxed a few feet away from a patient in apparent distress. This would most likely be used to demonstrate: A. res ipsa loquitur. B. proximate causation. C. abandonment. D. a patient refusal situation.
A
How can a faster-than-normal breathing rate decrease tidal volume? A. By limiting the amount of time the lungs have to fill B. By causing a release of histamine, which causes bronchoconstriction C. By tiring out the diaphragm and intercostal muscles D. By increasing the amount of time the lungs have to fill
A
In distributive shock, what is lost? A. Blood vessel tone B. Cardiac pump action C. Blood volume D. Cardiac muscle tone
A
In patients progressing from respiratory distress to respiratory failure and ultimately to respiratory arrest, what is the most common underlying cause? A. Unresolved hypoxia B. Hyperglycemia C. Excessive epinephrine release D. Hypovolemia
A
This type of muscle is generally attached at one or both ends to a bone by tendons. A. Skeletal B. Cardiac C. Smooth D. Involuntary
A
What distinguishes cellular from pulmonary respiration? A. Where diffusion takes place B. The amount of gas exchange C. The gases that are exchanged D. The speed of diffusion
A
What two divisions of the nervous system help control the size of the blood vessels? A. Parasympathetic and sympathetic B. Autonomic and voluntary C. Sympathetic and antisympathetic D. Voluntary and cerebellar
A
Which of the following is a sign of inadequate breathing? A. Breathing limited to abdominal movement Your answer is correct. B. Equal expansion of both sides of the chest C. Air moving out of the nose and mouth D. Absence of blue or gray skin coloration
A
You are suctioning the oral cavity of a patient who is vomiting profusely. You are using a soft (French) catheter to help clear the oral cavity, but it keeps getting clogged. What should you do? A. Use large-bore rigid tubing. B. Tell the patient to start swallowing the vomit to keep it out of the airway. C. Insert the catheter deeper into the airway. D. Turn up the negative vacuum amount on the suction unit.
A
At the base of the aortic artery, where it originates from the left ventricle, is the: A. pulmonary valve. B. aortic valve. C. tricuspid valve. D. mitral valve.
B
At the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle is the: A. mitral valve. B. pulmonary valve. C. tricuspid valve. D. aortic valve.
B
A high-pressure connection might be indicated by a threaded connection on an oxygen: A. ventilator. B. regulator. C. humidifier. D. respirator.
B
Delayed capillary refill time is a sign of: A. diaphoresis. B. compensated shock. C. anaerobic metabolism. D. decompensated shock.
B
The lower part of the heart is called the: A. myocardium. B. apex. C. tip. D. septum.
B
The trachea is: A. above the nasal cavity. B. below the larynx. C. within the lungs. D. to the side of the pharynx.
B
The volume of air that is breathed in and out with each breath is called the: A. dead space. B. tidal volume. C. alveolar volume. D. minute volume.
B
What is the maximum flow rate that you would administer by nasal cannula? A. 2 lpm B. 6 lpm C. 4 lpm D. 10 lpm
B
Which of the following glands secrete epinephrine into the bloodstream? A. Thyroid B. Adrenal C. Pituitary D. Pineal
B
Your patient has a tidal volume of 2-4 ml/kg. This would be considered: A. ideal. B. too low. C. normal. D. too high.
B
Which of the following is concerned generally with what you can do, as opposed to what you should do and how you should do it? A. Standard of care B. Scope of practice C. Quality improvement D. Scope of practice and standard of care
B. scope of practice
Quality improvement relates primarily to: A. scope of practice. B. standard of care. C. state-by-state regulations. D. the limits of the EMT job.
B. standard of care
An example of a suffix that would be added to a medical root word to portray a reduction in size would be: A. -ic. B. -itic. C. -ole. D. -ac.
C
By using airway adjuncts while ventilating a patient and using proper head-positioning and airway-opening techniques, you may avoid: A. hyperventilation. B. positive pressure. C. gastric distension. D. decreasing cardiac output.
C
Cyanosis is a visible sign of: A. bradycardia. B. shock. C. hypoxia. D. hypoglycemia
C
One of the byproducts of metabolism without oxygen is: A. urea. B. uric acid. C. lactic acid. D. creatinine.
C
The midline divides the body into the: A. distal plane and the proximal plane. Your answer is not correct. B. superior plane and the inferior plane. C. right plane and the left plane. D. posterior plane and the inferior plane.
C
What is a potential harmful side effect of suctioning an airway? A. Hypovolemia B. Hypercarbia C. Hypoxia D. Eupnea
C
What type of shock may not allow the heart rate to increase to compensate for hypoperfusion? A. Distributive B. Hypovolemic C. Cardiogenic D. Obstructive
C
Which division of the nervous system carries sensory information to the spinal cord and brain and motor information from the brain to the body? A. Epidural nervous system B. Distal nervous system C. Peripheral nervous system D. Central nervous system
C
f the patient experiences a drop in respiratory rate as a result of a drug overdose, what will be the effect on the patient's minute volume? A. The minute volume will initially increase and then drop. B. The minute volume will increase. C. The minute volume will decrease. D. There will be no change in the minute volume.
C
You are transporting a patient from a doctor's office and see that the patient has not been well cared for. On your documentation, you write that the doctor seemed to be "a quack." This comment could be viewed as: A. proximate causation. B. res ipsa loquitur. C. libelous. D. slanderous.
C. libelous
what vertebrae keep the diaphragm alive?
C3, C4, C5
A constant flow selector valve type of low-pressure flowmeter: A. may only be used when upright. B. may only be used with M or larger cylinders. C. is not adjustable. D. has no gauge.
D
Alveolar ventilation relies primarily on: A. heart rate. B. patient size. C. temperature. D. tidal volume.
D
Always open the valve of an oxygen cylinder fully, then close it by how much to prevent someone else from thinking the valve is closed and trying to force it open? A. A three-quarter turn B. A full turn C. A quarter turn D. Half a turn
D
Blood returns to the heart from the lungs by way of the: A. aorta. B. vena cava. C. right heart. D. pulmonary vein.
D
The ribs move downward and inward and the diaphragm rises during: A. inhalation. B. inspiration. C. agonal gasps. D. exhalation.
D
What is necessary for oxygen to diffuse from the alveoli to the bloodstream? A. Secretions B. Nitrogen C. Glucose D. Perfusion
D
What type of shock may be caused by hemorrhage or dehydration? A. Cardiogenic shock B. Distributive shock C. Obstructive shock D. Hypovolemic shock
D
When the alveoli are supplied with enough air, and the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, this is known as: A. Starling's law. B. the Fick principle. C. a V/Q mismatch. D. a V/Q match.
D
Which of the following causes inhalation? A. The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax. B. The diaphragm rises, and the ribs move downward and inward. C. The diaphragm rises, and the ribs move upward and outward. D. The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract.
D
Which of the following patients is at risk for hypoxia? A. A patient who has diabetes B. A patient who has bulimia C. A patient who has hypertension D. A patient who has emphysema
D
Your patient has an altered mental status and is breathing 60 times per minute. You should: A. coach the patient to slow his breathing. B. provide assisted ventilations at 10-12 breaths per minute. Your answer is not correct. C. apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreather mask. D. provide assisted ventilations at a rate of 20-30 breaths per minute.
D
What is one reason an EMT needs to understand medical terminology? A. To use complex terms and emphasize the EMT's level of training B. To be able to appear educated to a patient and gain the patient's trust C. To communicate at a physician's level of care D. To describe the anatomical locations of a patient's injuries
D.
The actions that an EMT is legally allowed to perform while caring for an injured or ill patient are known as: A. the standard of care. B. the standard of practice. C. medical direction. D. the scope of practice.
D. scope of practice
You are at the dinner table with your crew and mention to everyone that a coworker on the opposite shift is moving up the administration chain quickly, probably because she's sleeping with the company CEO. This comment could be considered: A. a HIPAA violation. B. libel. C. res ipsa loquitur. D. slander.
D. slander
stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
dead air space
air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange
obstructive shock
blood cannot
Which of the following is MOST clearly a HIPAA violation? A. You provide a copy of the patient care report to a paramedic who is assuming care of your patient at the scene. B. Your agency receives a subpoena authorizing the release of a copy of a patient care report to a plaintiff's attorney. C. You provide a personal injury attorney with a copy of a patient care report.. D. You provide certain health information on the billing copy of the patient care report.
c
what is the area called where the trachea bifurcates
carina
decompensated shock
decreased bp, altered mental state
respirtations
exchange of gases in lungs
cardiogenic shock
heart fails to pump
distributive shock
low blood vessel tone
hypovolemic shock
low blood volume
ventilation
movement of gases
what are the parts of the upper airway?
nose, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx
what are two signs of an inadequate airway in children?
retractions and nasal flaring
Voluntary muscle is also called what
skeletal
involuntary muscle is also called what
smooth
what are the 4 sounds showing limited air movement?
stridor, hoarseness, snoring, gurgling
edema
swelling caused by excess fluid in the body tissues
cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute
tidal volume
the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing
what are the parts of the lower airway?
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
