Exam 1

Which American writer is LEAST associated with the trend toward social realism in literature in the late nineteenth century? Select one: a. Mark Twain b. Upton Sinclair c. Frank Norris d. Stephen Crane e. Theodore Dreiser

a. Mark Twain

In the late nineteenth century, the Tammany Hall political machine Select one: a. saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison. b. was one of the few machines that did not engage in graft and corruption. c. operated out of Chicago. d. operated out of Chicago and saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison. e. All these answers are correct.

a. saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison.

In "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner claimed Select one: a. that the end of the "frontier" also marked the end of one of the most important democratizing forces in American life. b. the United States should expand its northern and southern borders into Canada and Mexico to create new frontier land. c. the western wars between whites and Indians were a national disgrace. d. most of the frontier land was of little practical use for Americans. e. the frontier had repressed individualism, nationalism, and democracy in America.

a. that the end of the "frontier" also marked the end of one of the most important democratizing forces in American life.

In the late nineteenth century, the needs of the American steel industry directly contributed to the further development of all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. the automobile industry. b. steam engine technology. c. freighters on the Great Lakes. d. the railroad industry. e. the oil industry.

a. the automobile industry.

The western farmers' first and most burning grievance was against Select one: a. the railroads. b. state governments. c. the banks. d. eastern manufacturers. e. crop speculators.

a. the railroads.

In the South during the last twenty years of the nineteenth century, Select one: a. the southern share of national manufacturing doubled. b. southerners became more dependent on agriculture than ever. c. per capita income fell sharply. d. most industrial growth came from coal mining. e. the average income reached 80 percent of that in the North.

a. the southern share of national manufacturing doubled.

The principal force behind the creation of great public buildings in the late nineteenth century was Select one: a. wealthy residents. b. community service organizations. c. state governments. d. the federal government. e. ethnic political machines.

a. wealthy residents.

During the 1870s and 1880s, most of the immigrants to the United States came from Select one: a. Italy and the Slavic countries. b. England, Ireland, and northern Europe. c. Poland, Hungary, and Russia. d. Japan and China. e. Mexico.

b. England, Ireland, and northern Europe.

Eugene V. Debs played a leading role in what labor event? Select one: a. Homestead strike b. Pullman strike c. Haymarket Square riot d. Railroad strike of 1877 e. All these answers are correct.

b. Pullman strike

The 1920 census of the United States revealed that Select one: a. the western frontier had ended. b. a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas. c. for the first time since 1790, American women outnumbered men. d. the majority of the nation's population had arrived as immigrants since 1880. e. California was now the most populous state.

b. a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas.

In the late nineteenth century, the writer Henry George argued in favor of Select one: a. taxing only the richest Americans. b. a single land tax to replace all other taxes. c. government efforts to increase land values. d. heavier taxes on the raw materials of industry. e. abolishing all taxes.

b. a single land tax to replace all other taxes.

During the late nineteenth century, all of the following innovations occurred in consumer goods EXCEPT the Select one: a. emergence of ready-made clothing. b. formation of credit card companies. c. ability to refrigerate foods artificially. d. opening of large department stores. e. development and mass production of tin cans.

b. formation of credit card companies.

In the late nineteenth century, which of the following was NOT a major western industry that relied on the East for markets and capital? Select one: a. mining b. fur trading c. ranching d. commercial farming e. both fur trading and ranching

b. fur trading

In 1900, the emergence of research laboratories in American corporations Select one: a. occurred as federal funding for research greatly expanded. b. led to more diversification in corporate research. c. developed similar research goals as in Europe. d. was deemed unnecessary, since so many American university laboratories existed. e. centralized the sources of research funding.

b. led to more diversification in corporate research.

The "city beautiful" movement in the United States was inspired, in part, by Select one: a. the economic depression of 1893. b. the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago. c. the new technology of skyscrapers. d. both the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, and the new technology of skyscrapers. e. None of these answers is correct.

b. the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago.

The Chinese from California became the major source of labor for the transcontinental railroad in part because Select one: a. they had no other employment prospects. b. they worked for lower wages than what whites would accept. c. their skill demanded higher wages. d. most were forced into working for the railroads. e. their more well-established unions won the railroad contracts.

b. they worked for lower wages than what whites would accept.

At the turn of the twentieth century, motion pictures Select one: a. had been invented by D. W. Griffith. b. were the first true mass entertainment medium. c. operated under strict morality codes. d. both were the first true mass entertainment medium, and operated under strict morality codes. e. All these answers are correct

b. were the first true mass entertainment medium.

Which of the following statements regarding Hispanic New Mexico is FALSE? Select one: a. At the time of the Mexican War, Hispanics greatly outnumbered Anglo-Americans. b. The Spanish had had settlements in the area since the seventeenth century. c. Taos Indians, allied with Navajos and Apaches, forced out Anglo-Americans until 1847. d. The Anglo-American population grew rapidly once the railroads began traveling to the Southwest. e. Descendants of the original settlers engaged primarily in cattle and sheep ranching.

c. Taos Indians, allied with Navajos and Apaches, forced out Anglo-Americans until 1847.

Which of the following statements regarding Coney Island is FALSE? Select one: a. The average daily attendance at Luna Park in 1904 was 90,000 people. b. The park provided an escape from the genteel standards that dictated social behavior at the time. c. The park developed a reputation for wholesome family attractions. d. The park experienced phenomenal popularity. e. The park provided lavish reproductions of exotic places and spectacular adventures.

c. The park developed a reputation for wholesome family attractions.

The Knights of Labor Select one: a. was primarily a trade union. b. did not allow women to join. c. began as a secret fraternal organization. d. focused its efforts on improving wages and reducing hours. e. tried in particular to enlist support for their cause from lawyers.

c. began as a secret fraternal organization.

Compared with the first generation, second-generation immigrants were more likely to Select one: a. hold on to their old ethnic habits. b. lose faith in the United States due to the hardships they experienced. c. break from their traditional culture. d. resist external social pressures to assimilate. e. return to the Old World for good.

c. break from their traditional culture.

In the late nineteenth century, regarding western agriculture, Select one: a. the prices paid for American farm goods rose after the 1880s. b. the reality of farming was very much like its popular image with the public. c. commercial farmers were not self-sufficient and made little effort to become so. d. farmers increasingly owned the land on which they worked. e. American farm families were relatively unaffected by the effects of world production.

c. commercial farmers were not self-sufficient and made little effort to become so.

Advocates of the "New South" Select one: a. opposed using northern capital. b. discouraged white women from working outside of the home. c. promoted southern industry and railroad development. d. challenged the assumptions of white supremacy. e. in fact advocated a return to the plantation system of the antebellum South.

c. promoted southern industry and railroad development.

The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 Select one: a. was intended to preserve traditional Indian culture. b. denied U.S. citizenship to landowning Indian adults. c. was designed to force Indians to become landowners and farmers. d. ended the U.S. government's effort to assimilate Indian tribes. e. reaffirmed tribal ownership of western lands in the face of white claims to it.

c. was designed to force Indians to become landowners and farmers.

At its height in 1886, the Knights of Labor were led by Select one: a. Uriah S. Stephens. b. Eugene V. Debs. c. Henry Clay Frick. d. Terence V. Powderly. e. John Peter Altgeld.

d. Terence V. Powderly.

In the 1890s, Florence Kelley and the National Consumers League sought to Select one: a. encourage immigrants to become greater consumers. b. improve the safety and quality of consumer products. c. protect family businesses from the competition of corporate retailers. d. force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions for women workers. e. All these answers are correct.

d. force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions for women workers.

In the late nineteenth century, immigrants in the United States Select one: a. were generally better educated than immigrants who arrived a generation before. b. took up semi-skilled craft jobs. c. avoided ports like Ellis Island for fear they would be denied entry. d. generally lacked the capital to buy farmland. e. settled overwhelmingly in the relatively empty Northwest.

d. generally lacked the capital to buy farmland.

In the 1890s, the black journalist Ida B. Wells devoted her writing to attacking Select one: a. the legality of segregation. b. restrictions on black education. c. the loss of black voting rights. d. the crime of lynching. e. the arguments of Booker T. Washington.

d. the crime of lynching.

In the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to Select one: a. the rapid growth of urban America. b. the potential voting power of large immigrant communities. c. disillusionment with heavy-handed and powerful city governments. d. the rapid growth of urban America and the potential voting power of large immigrant communities. e. the potential voting power of large immigrant communities and disillusionment with powerful city governments.

d. the rapid growth of urban America and the potential voting power of large immigrant communities.

Charles Darwin's theories of evolution met initial resistance from Select one: a. theologians. b. scientists. c. educators. d. both theologians and educators. e. All these answers are correct.

e. All these answers are correct.

Compared to most other immigrant ethnic groups in the late nineteenth century, Jewish immigrants Select one: a. advanced rapidly economically. b. placed a high value on education. c. huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods. d. both advanced rapidly economically, and huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods. e. All these answers are correct.

e. All these answers are correct.

In 1894, the population density of Manhattan was Select one: a. significantly lower than the density of New York today. b. equal to the density of Paris. c. significantly lower than that of most major European cities. d. greater than in all major American cities except Boston. e. greater than the most crowded European cities.

e. greater than the most crowded European cities.

In the late nineteenth century, American universities Select one: a. significantly grew in number due to the Morrill Land Grant Act. b. were sometimes started by philanthropists that wanted to perpetuate their family names. c. began to form relationships with the private sector and the government. d. significantly grew in number due to the Morrill Land Grant Act, and began to form relationships with the private sector and government. e. All these answers are correct.

e. All these answers are correct.

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the working class in the western economy was Select one: a. highly multiracial. b. highly stratified along racial lines. c. paid higher wages than workers in the East. d. both highly multiracial and paid higher wages than workers in the East. e. All these answers are correct.

e. All these answers are correct.

Northern commitment to Reconstruction waned as a result of Select one: a. the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment. b. the growing political strength of Democrats. c. the Panic of 1873. d. perceptions of black and carpetbag misgovernment in the South. e. All these answers are correct.

e. All these answers are correct.

Which statement about education in the late nineteenth century is FALSE? Select one: a. It was a period of rapid expansion for public schools. b. By 1900, most states required compulsory school attendance. c. Educational opportunities extended to Indian tribes as well. d. Southern blacks had far less access to education than southern whites. e. Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.

e. Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.

Edward Bellamy's 1888 book, Looking Backward, Select one: a. described an America engaged in a second civil war due to concentrated wealth. b. promoted the virtues of economic competition. c. depicted a world presided over by an industrialist-king modeled on J. P. Morgan. d. accepted the necessity of class divisions in a capitalist economy. e. imagined an ideal future in which all corporations were combined into one great trust.

e. imagined an ideal future in which all corporations were combined into one great trust.

During the nineteenth century, in the Far West the term "coolie" Select one: a. was a description for all Asian immigrants. b. was an epithet used by whites to describe members of Chinese tongs. c. applied to all non-Indians who came to the Far West before the California gold rush. d. was a slang term for prostitutes in mining towns. e. referred to Chinese indentured servants.

e. referred to Chinese indentured servants.

In the early twentieth century, a principal goal of "Taylorism" was to Select one: a. make industrial workers more independent in carrying out their jobs. b. emphasize the importance of craft and quality in the workplace. c. encourage industrial workers to act creatively to solve production problems. d. create a large labor force of highly skilled workers. e. reorganize industrial production by subdividing it into many simple tasks.

e. reorganize industrial production by subdividing it into many simple tasks.

The Homestead Act of 1862 Select one: a. gave without condition 160 acres to all settlers who would move to the West. b. only applied to public lands within the borders of an organized state. c. saw settlers on the Plains complain the claims were too large for grain farming. d. proved to be enormously popular with western ranchers. e. was later expanded by the Timber Culture Act.

e. was later expanded by the Timber Culture Act.