EXAM 1 A&P 246

Match the following terms with the correct definition.

1. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons Isotope Correct 2. The sum of the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom Mass number Correct 3. The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom Valence electrons Correct 4. Chemical bond where electrons are shared between atoms Covalent bond Correct 5. Chemical bond created by the attraction of cations and anions Ionic bond

Match the serous membrane correctly with the definition.

1. Parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity. 2. Visceral pleura covers the lungs. 3. Parietal pericardium lines the pericardial cavity. 4. Visceral pericardium covers the heart. 5. Parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity. 6. Visceral peritoneum covers the abdominal organs.

Put the events in the correct order.

1.DNA contains the information necessary to produce proteins. 2.Transcription of one DNA strand results in mRNA, which is a complementary copy of the information in the DNA strand needed to make a protein. 3.The mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome. 4.Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, are carried to the ribosome by tRNAs. 5.The amino acids form a polypeptide chain.

Match the monomer with the appropriate macromolecule. 1.Nucleotide 2.Amino acid 3.Sugar

1.Nucleic acid 2.Protein 3.Carbohydrate

What is missing at the bottom of the triangle?

2'-deoxyribonucleic acid Protein The Central Dogma Molecular Biology

ATP is converted to ADP and phosphate by an enzyme called F1-ATPase. Select all the products in this chemical reaction.

ADP phosphate

Select all that are monomers.

An amino acid A nucleotide Glucose

Insert the correct words into the sentences to demonstrate your understanding of ions. Not all terms will be used.

An ion is formed when an atom gains or loses a(n) electron or electrons. Ions have a positive or negative charge. If an atom has seven electrons in the outer shell, it will tend to accept one electron. Elements do become ions to satisfy the octet rule. When an element becomes an ion, it becomes more stable.

Match the molecule with the correct process in protein production.

Contains the information necessary to produce proteins through gene expression DNA Carries amino acids to the ribosome tRNA Contains the information from DNA known as the genetic code mRNA Is combined with proteins to make ribosomes rRNA

The amount of which subatomic particle is different between an atom and its ion?

Electrons

Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.

For accuracy and clarity, the initial point of reference for body regions or parts is anatomic position. An individual is in this position if they are standing upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor. The upper limbs are at the sides of the body and the palms face anteriorly. The head should be level and the eyes looking forward.

The membrane-bound organelle that is composed primarily of stacked cisternae and functions to transport and package materials that arrive from the rough endoplasmic reticulum in transport veiscles is the

Golgi apparatus.

The following is a dehydration synthesis reaction. Which of the following correctly fills in the missing molecules? C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 --> _______ + __________

H2O + C12H22O11

Even without knowing the function of phosphatase, what does the name reveal? Please select all that apply.

Its name ends in -ase, so it is likely an enzyme. It probably catalyzes a reaction involving phosphate.

Complete each statement by dragging each label into the appropriate blank. Not all terms will be used.

Movement of fluids through a selectively permeable membrane caused by hydrostatic pressure is referred to as filtration. The pressure exerted by a fluid on the inside wall of its container (or vessel, in the case of the human body), is called hydrostatic pressure. The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration describes simple diffusion. Movement away from high solvent concentration or towards high solute concentration describes osmosis. The movement of small, polar molecules across the plasma membrane by a carrier protein is called carrier-mediated diffusion.

Thermoreceptors detect body temperature and send impulses to the brain for analysis. If body temperature is low, the brain will signal skeletal muscles to perform brief, repeated contractions to help generate heat. In this example, what is the effector?

Skeletal muscles

A neuronal cell with an ICF of 300mOsM will swell in which of the following solutions? Solution mM A. 20 40 50 glucose mM B. 20 50 80 NaCl mM CaCl2. C 20 50 60

Solution A which is 250 mOsM

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment. What is continually monitored and adjusted to maintain homeostasis?

The ECF

How would an anatomist describe the bladder?

The bladder wall contains a transitional epithelium and several layers of smooth muscle.

Insert the correct words into the sentences regarding chromatin and chromosomes. Not all terms will be used.

The most compact, organized level of genetic material in a cell is a chromosome. Chromosomes are only visible when a cell is dividing. When the genetic material is in a loosely coiled form, DNA is able to direct the production of proteins through transcription.

Complete each sentence with the correct word from the list.

The outer, limiting barrier that separates the internal contents of the cell from the external environment is the plasma membrane. The nucleus is the largest structure in the cell. The nucleus contains DNA. All of the cellular components between the nucleus and the plasma membrane constitute the cytoplasm.

Building glycogen from glucose molecules is an example of

anabolism

With a specimen in the anatomic position, you can best see the mediastinum with a _____ view.

frontal

An information-containing segment of DNA that codes for the production of a molecule of RNA, which in most cases goes on to play a role in the synthesis of one or more proteins, is known as a(n)

gene

Investigating the function of organ systems in a disease state best describes

pathophysiology

The bond between adjacent amino acids is a(n) ________ bond.

peptide